As an important branch of systematic biology, metabonomics is an emerging discipline following genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics. It focuses on the quality and quantity changes of the small molecular metabolites in appointed physiological or pathological state, and provides important informa?tion for studies of diseases mechanism, clinical early diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Compared with tra?ditional clinical diagnostic method ( single index) , metabonomics method can more comprehensively analyze metabolites changes in the body. This review introduces the metabonomics and summarizes its application in thyroid diseases.

The DNA fragment RM07 was isolated from halophilic archaea Halobacterium halobium, which can function as promoter not only in halophilic archaea, but also in Escherichia coli as eubacterial promoter. Sequencing analysis indicated that it possessed the typical consensus sequences (-35 and -10) of bacterial gene promoter, which was confirmed by further deletion analysis: With its -35 sequence deleted and -10 sequence left,DNA fragment RM07a nearly cannot initiate transcription;With its both -35 and -10 sequences,RM07b DNA fragment could be active as promoter at a level even higher than RM07. Our research also showed that the promoter function of RM07 fragment in Escherichia coli was under the control of environmental factors,especially its positive correlation with the increasing concentration of sodium chloride. Therefore, RM07 DNA fragment may be potential1 novel promoter source for constructing double-function vectors. It also has special significance in elucidating the issues of the fusing characteristics of archaea and lateral gene transfer between archaea and bacteria.

Characteristics and measurement principles of reference methods in clinical biochemistry were described.Implementation of reference systems is one of the most effective approaches to improve the accuracy and comparability of clinical laboratory test results.Reference methods are the key components of reference systems.Reference methods should have measurement uncertainties that meet the requirements of the intended use,and thus should be based on reliable measurement principles.For the well-defined biochemistry analytes,reference methods have been almost all based on instrumental analysis.Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID/MS) is considered most reliable and has been the major analytical principle of the reference methods.ID/MS analysis is accurate but expensive.Use of other validated instrumental analyses as reference measurement principles would be justified.

Objective To study the protective effects of Tianma xingnao capsule on brain blood circulation in mice and rats.Methods The arteria carotis externa was ligated,and arteria carotis interna was kept.The left carotid artery was exposed and placed over an ultrasonic flow probe.The brain flow volume was recorded with an Ultrasonic Volume.The pursiness time of mice was observed to evaluate the effect of Tianma xingnao capsule on cerebral ischemia and anoxia.The permeability of normal blood-cerebral barrier was investigated in mice.Results Tianma xingnao capsule significantly increased brain blood flow and prolonged mouse pursiness time.Tianma xingnao capsule at a dose of 4 g/kg significantly elevated the content of Evans in mouse brain.Conclusions Tianma xingnao capsule can increase the brain blood flow in rats and improve brain blood circulation in mice.It is obviously advantageous to protect against cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.

Objective To analyze the major adverse reactions of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs and their influencing factors.Methods The adverse reactions of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs in 579 patients were retrieved from the National Population and Health Scientific Data Platform.An adverse reaction-matched dictionary was established by normalizing the names of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs according to the drug name + dosage form and describing the adverse reactions according to the WHO adverse reaction terminology.The data set dimensions were analyzed by data mining.Results The adverse reaction rate of intravenous drip was 75.4% and manifested as chest distress,itching and dyspnea.The rate of adverse reaction involving organ systems was 61.1% and manifested as systemic injury,fever,discomfort and anorexia.Logistic regression analysis showed that the drug giving route was a factor influencing the severity of adverse reaction.Conclusion The adverse reactions of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs involve systemic,skin and its appendix injury.Drug giving route is the major factor influencing the severity of adverse reaction.

Objective To investigated the association between bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2)gene mutation and coal-burning skeletal fluorosis of children in Zhijin Guizhou.Methods In 2010,121 cases of children with skeletal fluorosis were diagnosed based on the standard X-ray Diagnosis of Skeletal Fluorosis (WS192-1999) in coal-burning skeletal fluorosis areas in Zhijin Guizhou,and 50 cases of them were selected as skeletal fluorosis group.Thirty healthy children free of skeletal fluorosis,rickets and other bone related diseases excluded by X-ray were selected as a control group in the same area.Using polymcrase chain reaction combined with DNA sequencing technology,all three exons of BMP-2 gene were conducted sequence screening in skeletal fluorosis and the control groups to detect gene mutations.Results ①The T insertion mutation on exon 1 between 401-402 bp:the T insertion mutantion genotype frequencies of skeletal fluorosis group and the control group were 27.7％ (13/47)and 7.1％ (2/28),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.600,P ＜ 0.05),adjusted OR value of 4.62(1.94-10.90).②)The 894 bp T→G mutation on exon 2:the TG genotype frequencies of skeletal fluorosis group and the control group were 14.0％ (7/50) and 16.7％(5/30),and the difference were not statistically significant (x2=0.103,P＞ 0.05).③The 1 046 bp A→G mutation on exon 2:the AA,AG,GG genotype frequencies of skeletal fluorosis group and the control group was 30.0％ (15/50),24.0％ (12/50),46.0％ (23/50) and 50.0％ (15/30),20.0％(6/30),30.0％ (9/30),and the differences were not statistically significant (x2 =3.099,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Exon 1at 401-402 bp,T insertion mutation and skeletal fluorosis are closely related.The relationship between A→Gmutation in exon 2 at 1 046 bp and skeletal fluorosis is not significant.

Objective To detect the expressions of chemokine CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), investigate their relationships between CXCL5, CXCR2 and clinicopathologic features and probe into the significance in the evaluation of prognosis. Methods Immunohistochemical Envision method was utilized to detect the expressions of CXCL5 and CXCR2 in HCC , to explore their relationship between CXCL5, CXCR2 and clinicopathologic features and MVD in HCC. Results (1) The high expression rates of CXCL5 and CXCR2 protein was 64.7% and 68.6%, respectively, significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues of HCC(17.6%, 15.7%, P < 0.05). The overexpression of CXCL5 protein had correlation with tumor size, differentiation, TNM stage and vascular invasion (P < 0.05) and the overexpression of CXCR2 protein did with tumor grade and vascular invasion (P < 0.05). (2) The value of MVD was higher in HCC than that in the adjacent tissues of HCC (P < 0.05), and had positive correlation with the expressions of CXCL5, and CXCR2 proteins. (3) The higher rates of recurrence and metastasis were in the groups of higher expression of CXCL5 and CXCR2 proteins (P < 0.05). Conclusions The overexpressions of CXCL5 and CXCR2 may promote the occurrence and development of HCC as well as the neovasculation in HCC. Therefore, they can be used as markers to evaluate the prognosis of HCC.

Air Pollution, Indoor ; analysis ; Anesthetics ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Isoflurane ; analysis ; Methyl Ethers ; analysis ; Operating Rooms

Objective To observe the effects of phlorizin on aorta of diabetes db/db mice and to explore its mechanism.Methods Sixteen diabetes db/db mice were randomized into two groups:untreated diabetic group (DM group) and diabetic group treated by phlorizin(DMT group) with eight db/m mice as normal control group(CC group).Phlorizin (20 mg/kg) was given in normal saline solution intragastrically to the mice of the DMT group for 10 weeks.Mice of the other two groups were given the same amount of saline solution intragastrically for 10 weeks.Animals were weighed weekly.At 10th weekend,all mice were fasted overnight and then sacrificed.Fasting blood was collected,and aortas were dissected.The blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose (FBG),triglycerides (TG),total cholesterol (TC),Serum advanced glycation end products(AGEs)and malondialdehyde (MDA).Aortic tissue were examined microscopically.Results At 10th weekend,the weight (57.53±3.40)g and serum concentration of FBG(31.21±2.16) mmol/L,TG (0.39±0.12) mmol/L,TC(3.15±0.30)mmol/L,AGEs (0.28±0.04) AU/mg and MDA (15.18± 1.60)mol/L in DM group were increased than those in CC group (P＜0.01),and the weight(54.24± 1.28)g,FBG(29.17±1.41) mmol/L,TG(0.26±0.06) mmol/L,TC(2.71±0.26) mmol/L,AGEs (0.24±0.03) AU/mg and MDA(13.46±1.28)mol/L were lowered significantly in DMT group than those in DM group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The severity of aorta damage in DMT group was less than that in DM group.Conclusions Phlorizin can protect the db/db mice from diabetic macrovascular complications,which may be attributed to its decreasing of blood glucose,TG,TC,and AGEs levels,and its antioxidant potential.

Adult ; Fever ; etiology ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Polyps ; complications ; Stomach Diseases ; complications