Background and purpose:Resistance to antitumor agents is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with breast cancer. Research has shown that, tumor stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is related with some anticancer drugs (such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatin) resistance, and the content of ALDH1 in tumor cells after treatment is higher than that before treatment. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is not expressed in normal tissues, but high expressed in breast cancer of after treatment, it may be associated with the mechanism of tumor drug resistance. This study was to investigate the correlation between expression and the relationship between these two kinds of protein ALDH1, BCRP and clinical pathological characteristics. Methods:Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of ALDH1 and BCRP in breast inifltrating ductal carcinoma tissues, and whether there is a correlation between and explore their relationship with clinical pathological features and their expression. Results:The expression of ALDH1 protein and BCRP protein in breast cancer and paracarcinoma breast tissues has signiifcant difference(χ2=14.685, P=0.000;χ2=12.243, P=0.000).The expression of ALDH1 with patients age, pathologic stage, axillary lymph node metastasis, histological grading, ER, PR, and HER-2 state were not relevant(P>0.05). HER-2, BCRP protein, expression was higher in cancer tissue (χ2=5.289, P=0.021). There were no relevant with the expression of BCRP with patients age, pathologic stage, axillary lymph node metastasis and histological grading, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) (P>0.05). Conclusion:ALDH1 proteins may be an independent factor compared with occur drug resistant protein, and participate breast cancer drug resistance in the chemotherapy and tumor invasion and metastasis of malignant biological behavior.

Objective To discuss the effects and methods of the surgical treatment of complex humeral nonunion.Methods Ten cases of scleroid humeral nonunion were treated by compressive interlocking medullary nailing and autografting of iliac bone.Fifteen cases of humeral nonunion combined with osteomyelitis or osteoporosis were treated with grafting of free vascularized fibular flaps.Results All the cases were followed up for six months to six years.They all obtained bone union.The average time of bone union was 3.1 months for the free vascularized fibular grafting group and 3.8 months for the interlocking medullary nail group.Conclusions Compressive interlocking medullary nailing and autografting of iliac bone is effective for scleroid humeral nonunion,while grafting of free vascu- larized fibular flaps is effective for humeral nonunion combined with osteomyelitis or osteoporosis because the free vas- cularized fibular grafting can well reconstruct the defective humerus bone with osteoporosis or osteomyelitis.

AIM: To analyze the change of serum inflammatory factors in glaucoma patients at different stages and its clinical significance. ·METHODS:Totally 70 cases of 128 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma in our hospital from January 2014 to August 2016 were selected. According to the mean defect of visual field, they were divided into light ( observation Group 1 ) , moderate ( observation Group 2 ) and heavy group(observation Group 3). Another 65 cases of 130 eyes with cataract were taken as the control group in our hospital. The observation and expression of serum cytokines in these patients with glaucoma were taken. ·RESULTS:There was no significant difference in serum IL-2 and IFN- γlevels between the two groups (P>0. 05). The sIL-2R and IL-4 levels in the glaucoma group were higher than those in the control group, and the levels of IL-6 and IL-12 were lower than those of the control group (P<0. 05). The IOP and proportion of myopia in the glaucoma group was higher than that in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant ( P<0. 05) . The ratio of moderate myopia to severe myopia in each group was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). To observe the low myopia ratio in Group 3 of patients, it was less than observation Group 1 and observation Group2 ( P > 0. 05 ). There was no statistically significant difference between observation Group 1 and 2 of patients on IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γlevels (P>0. 05). The level of sIL-2R in the Group 3 was higher than that in the Group 1, and the level of IL-12 was lower than that in the Group 1 and in the Group 2 (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γlevels between the glaucoma patients (P>0. 05). The IOP level and the proportion of myopia in the Group 3 were higher than those in the Group 1 and the Group 2 were observed, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The intraocular pressure was higher in Group 2 than in group 1 (P<0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference on proportion of myopia between observation Group 1 and observation Group 2 (P>0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: The levels of serum IL-12, sIL-2R and intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma fluctuated significantly at different stages of the nerve injury, indicating that the immune response and intraocular pressure were involved in the process of optic nerve damage.

Objective To study the expression of Rho kinase and its functional activation in lung tissue from hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH) rat model,and the effects of fasudil on HPH.Methods Seventy-two male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,hypoxic model group,and fasudil-intervention group[group with hypoxia and fasudil for 15 mg/(kg?d)],respectively.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP) and right ventricle hypertrophy index(RVHI) were measured.Expression of Rho kinase mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot,respectively.The phosphorylation of binding subunit of myosin phosphatase(MBS)-a substrate of Rho kinase was detected by Western blot and defined,as the mark of functional activation of the kinase.Results The expression of Rho kinase mRNA in hypoxic model group was markedly upregulated even before the onset of the third day after the experiment(HPH),and it was much lower in rats of fasudil group than that of hypoxic model group.The phosphorylation of MBS was significantly higher in hypoxic model group than that in control group,and it was positively correlated with the mPAP and RVHI(all P

AIM:To evaluate the effects of pilocarpine, brinzolamide and the preservatives of them on corneal epithelial cells and the histopathology of rabbit conjunctiva. METHODS: Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits weighing 1.5 kg to 2.5 kg were randomly divided into three groups. One group with three rabbits served as untreated controls. Pilocarpine 1% and brinzolamide 1% each were administered to the right eyes in one treated group, and the preservatives (chlorobutanol 0.01% in pilocarpine, benzalkonium chloride 0.01% in brinzolamide) to the left eyes. Corneal epithelial damage was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and conjunctival specimens were examined under light microscopy. RESULTS: Compared with normal controls, brinzolamide and BAC caused corneal epithelium damage and increased number of inflammatory cells in the conjunctiva, while pilocarpine and the preservative chlorobutanol mainly influenced the corneal epithelium. Brinzolamide produced significantly more damage than pilocarpine (P

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; Hypoxia ; pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; rho-Associated Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective To compare the effects of propofol and ketamine on long-term memory and the expression of brain N-methylgroup-D-aspartate receptor 2B(NMDAR2B) and Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor 1(GABAR1) in aged rats, and preliminary investigate the relation between the long-term memory and expression of neurotransmitter receptors in different cerebral areas. Methods The aged male rats were randomly divided into control group,propofol group and ketamine group. Morris water maze training was performed in all the rats of three groups for 5 days. On the 6th day, intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg?mL-1 propofol was administrated in propofol group,80 mg?mL-1 ketamine was intraperitoneally injected in ketamine group,and blank control group was given the same dose of saline.Seven days after the administration,space exploration experiment and navigation experiment test were performed to test the impact on the learning and memory ability of rats. After that, the expression levels of GABAR1 and NMDAR2B in temporal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region of the rat brain were detected by immunofluorescence and FISH technique. Results The results of Morris water maze showed there was no significant difference between propofol group (9.49±1.24) s and blank control group (8.82±2.22) s.There was statistically significant difference between ketamine group (12.04±2.67) s and blank control group (P<0.05),with longer latency time and less number of times of passing through target as compared with blank control group.By using immunohistochemistry and FISH technique,the expression of GABAR1 in temporal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region of the rat brain was not significantly different between propofol group and blank control group,but it was significantly up-regulated in ketamine group as compared with blank control group ( P<0.05) . The expression of NMDAR2B in temporal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region of the rat brain was not significantly different between propofol group and blank control group,but it was significantly down-regulated in ketamine group as compared with blank control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Propofol anesthesia alone had no effect on long-term learning and memory,but ketamine anesthesia can result in long-term learning and memory impairment. The mechanism may be related with down-regulation of the expression of NMDAR2B receptor and up-regulation of GABAR1 not only in CA1 region hippocampus,but also in temporal lobe.

Objective To observe the change of learning and memory quality and the expression change of GABAR1 and NMDAR2B in aged SD rat cerebral temporal lobe by propofol injection and discuss the influence that may be caused by propofol.Methods Aged male sd rats were randomly divided into three groups,each group of 20.Propofol intraperitoneal injection was implemented to groups P1 and P7 according 50 mg/kg and maintained anesthesia for 3 hours.The same dose of emulsion was given to control group. Morris water maze test was done in the first days and the seventh days after intraperitoneal injection.Then the left temporal lobe was gathered and the mRNA transcription and protein expression of GABAR1 and NMDAR2B were detected by FISH and Immunofluorescence technique.Results Compared with control group,the latent time of group P1 was significantly prolonged and the numbers of passing through the target frequency were decreased significantly (P <0.05).Group P7 had no significant differences.The mRNA transcription and protein expression of GABAR1 in group P1 were increased significantly and the mRNA transcription and protein expression of NMDAR2B in group P1 were decreased significantly (P <0.05 ). Group P7 had no significant differences.Conclusion The short-term memory of brain declined after propofol was used.This may be related to the function of temporal lobe.The mechanism may be related to the up regulation of GABAR1 and the down regulation of NMDAR2B simultaneously.

Objective To explore different characteristics of the vertebral artery and basilar artery haemody-namics in different frequencies to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment .Methods 90 cases of sudden deaf-ness were induded and according to hearing curve ,the cases were divided into three groups with 30 cases for each while the control group had 30 subjects .All cases were examined by TCD ,the VA ,BA test .Results Compared with group of median and low frequency sudden deafness ,the abnormal blood flow rate were found with decreased hearing(P<0 .05) .High and the full frequency range showed the abnormal blood flow rate ,although results were different(P<0 .05) .There were more high velocity detection rates among patients of high frequency group than the other groups .The full-frequency group's blood flow detection rate increased significantly more than the first two groups of patients with sudden deafness .PI ,RI of sudden deafness increased slightly ,but there was no statistically significant difference compared with control group (P>0 .05) .High frequency hearing loss compared with the con-trol group patients with sudden deafness had a clear abnormal velocity (P<0 .05) ,characterized by high velocity . There was no statistically significant difference in blood flow rate among low and median frequency group ,full-fre-quency group and control group except for Vs of BA in low and median frequency group .Conclusion Vertebral and basilar arterial circulation disorders had present more significance in the incidence of sudden deafness ,evident espe-cially in high and all frequency sudden deafness .Early initiation of TCD examination can understand the change of the vertebral and basilar artery hemodynamics ,providing high clinical application values .

Collateral disease theory has been applied to investigate the pathogenesis of chronic dermal ulcer in traditional Chinese medicine. It is suggested that deficiency of vital qi is the pathological basis of chronic dermal ulcer with collaterals stagnation as the major pathological factor, and collaterals impairment by toxin evil is the main pathological change. The important principle in treatment of chronic dermal ulcer is established as strengthening the body resistance, dredging collaterals and removing toxins, and this enriched the theory of wound healing in traditional Chinese medicine, and has practical value.