Objective To study the role of inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress on hepatocyte apoptosis of experimental fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).Methods Thirty male depuratory Wistar rats were manufactured to be FHF model by peritoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS),and 30 rats were injected peritoneally with 0.9％ sodium chloride solution as controls.The apoptosis of liver cells was detected by flow cytometry.The protein and mRNA expressions of Caspase-12 and IRE1 in liver tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptation-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The independent samples were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test.The comparison between two groups at the same time point was done by Mann-Whitney U test.The correlation analysis was done by rank correlation.Results The apoptotic rates of liver cells at 2,4,8 and 12 hours were increased over time in model group (x2 =25.475,P=0.01),which were higher than control group (U=0,P＜0.01).The expressions of Caspase-12 and IRE1 proteins in liver tissues were upregulated in model group,while the expressions were not detected in control group.The expressions of Caspase-12 and IRE1 mRNA in model group were also increased over time and peaked at 8 h,then gradually decreased; the differences among different time points were statistically significant (x2 =23.983,x2 =24.820; both P＜0.01),and all higher than control group (U=0,P＜0.01).IRE1 was positively correlated with both Caspase-12 and hepatocellular apoptotic rate (r=0.733 and 0.715,respectively;both P＜0.01).Caspase-12 was positively correlated with hepatocellular apoptotic rate (r=0.586,P＜0.01).Conclusions IRE1 mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress on hepatocyte apoptosis is closely related to the development of FHF.The earlier intervention on endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway,the more protective effect in liver failure.

The effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein on the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary cells and mouse AtT-20 cells were studied using techniques of cell culture, ～3H-TdR incorporation, flow cytometric analysis and electron microscope. Genistein significantly inhibited the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary cells and mouse AtT-20 cells. Genistein (50 and 100 μmol/L ) blocked the proliferation of AtT-20 cells at G0/G1 and G2/M phases and evoked an apoptotic peak of these cells with an apoptotic ratio of 19.9％ and 36.4%. The apoptotic cells were also observed under the electron microscope. In consequence, genistein, as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can significantly inhibit the proliferation of pituitary cells possibly by inducing apoptosis, and the tyrosine kinase activity may play a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of pituitary cells.

Objective To explore the changes of pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility in a respiratory ward.Methods All pathogens isolated from patients in a respiratory ward from 2001 to 2005 and the drug susceptibility results were retrospectively analyzed.For patients with more than 1 isolates of the same species, only the first strain of pathogen was included for analysis. The isolation and identification procedure was based on guidelines for national clinical laboratories.The susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method.WHONET 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 876 strains were analyzed.The majority was gram negative bacteria.MRSA prevalence was 72.4% and showed a trend of increase.No vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus was detected.Streptococcus pneumoniae was highly resistant to macrolides.The non-sensitivity rate to penicillin was 25.5%-66.7% over years.The resistance rate to levofloxacin was 22.2%-27.3%.Enterobacter and Acinetobacter baumannii showed stable susceptibility to imipenem.ESBLs-producing Esche- richia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 33.3%-38.9% and 14.3%-19.2% respectively.P.aeruginosa strains were relatively susceptible to ceftazidime, amikaein, cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime. The sensitivity rate was 87%, 82.6%, 78.3%, 73.9%, 73.9% and 71.4% respectively in 2005.Conclusions The changes of pathogens and antibiotic resistance in the respiratory ward were consistent with the surveillance data in this country, which were influenced by underlying diseases, severity of illness and antibiotic use.Our data are useful for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics.

Forty type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were assigned to two groups and treated respectively with?-lipoic acid or mecobalamin for 2 weeks.The results suggested that?-lipoic acid could accelerate the nerve conduction velocity and decrease the plasma level of endothelin and C reactive protein as well as microalbuminceria with a effect similar to mecobalamin therapy on DPN.

-2,and T)was detected on exon 11 in the mutational analysis of GABRG2.Our results indicate that genomic variations of GABRG2 are not likely to be substantially involved in the etiology of GEFS+in this family. Conclusion Our study fails to provide evidence supporting a causal relation between the SCN1A,SCN1B, GABRG2 mutation and the etiologic genes in this family,which indicates that GEFS+has with phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Profile of Fatigue Scale (PROF)among the patients with Sjogren′s syndrome. Methods The English version of PROF was translated into Chinese according to Brislin Translation Model. 107 patients with Sjogren′s syndrome were investigated to test its reliability and validity. Results The Cronbachαcoefficient , Guttman split-half coefficient, test-retest reliability and content validity of Chinese version of PROF were 0.976, 0.953, 0.872 and 0.875. Two factors were extracted by factor analysis and the cumulated variance was 80.75%. The structure of PROF was in line with the original scale. The criterion-related validity was 0.621 measured by comparing with visual analog scale of fatigue, and was -0.707 measured by comparing with vitality domain in the MOS item Short From Health Survey (SF-36). Conclusions The Chinese version of PROF has been proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used to measure the fatigue in Chinese patients with Sjogren′s syndrome.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate operative effects of a new method to reconstruct anterior crucial ligament (ACL) and posterior crucial ligament (PCL) simultaneously by using patellar tendon under arthroscopy.

METHODSFrom November 1999 to November 2003, the injured ACL and PCL of 11 patients were fixated with compressed screws and reconstructed under arthroscopy with the bone-patellar tendon-bone treated with deep hypothermia andgamma radiation. At the same time, 2 patients were treated with medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction, 3 with lateral collateral ligament (LCL) reconstruction, 1 with meniscus suture and 4 with whole or partial resection.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 12-26 months (average 16.5 months). The Lysholm score method was employed to evaluate the knee function. The average preoperative score was 45.3 and the postoperative score was 86.4. Anterior drawer test (ADT) was positive in 11 knees preoperatively and feeble positive in one knee postoperatively. Lachman test was positive in 11 knees preoperatively and in one postoperatively, and feebly positive in two postoperatively. Posterior drawer test was positive in 11 knees preoperatively and feebly positive in 2 postoperatively. There were 2 knees with tolerable pain and 2 with knee flexion of 5-20.

CONCLUSIONSAs for simultaneous reconstruction of ACL and PCL under arthroscopy, allogeneic bone-patellar tendon-bone can not only avoid injury and complication caused by autografting, but also help rehabilitation of the knee function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of pain in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) through analyzing the description of pain by the TMD patients.

METHODSNinety TMD pain patients were included and the glossary in description of the intensity, rhythm and degree of disability due to TMD pain were recorded.

RESULTSThe descriptive pain by 90 patients was slight to moderate. There was no significant difference between males and females or between chronic and acute patients in the description of pain intensity (P > 0.05). The chewing disability was the most often reported complaining, and then was mental status. The probability of pain at rest was not different between in chronic pain patients and acute pain patients(P > 0.05). The acute pain patients often used aching, slight and tingle to describe their pain, while the chronic pain patients used dull, gas and numb more.

CONCLUSIONPain intensity in acute or chronic TMD patients is both low. The pain mainly influences chewing function and mental status in patients. Descriptive characteristic with chronic orofacial pain is different from acute.

Objective To discuss the feasibility and effects of cemented artificial bipolar arthroplasty for senile patients with femoral intertrochanteric instable fractures. Methods From January 2004 to June 2008,46 aged cases with femoral intertrochanteric instable fractures were cured with cemented artificial bipolar arthroplasty. According to improving-classfication of Evans,there were 19 cases with type Ⅲfractures and 27 cases with type Ⅳ fractures. Results All cases were successfully operated. The surgery time was 50-90 (68.00 ±20.43) minutes. Bleeding volume was 160-600 (210.00 ±40.26) ml. The time in hospital was 16-26 (19.30 ± 4.56) days. All cases were retrospectively reviewed for 6-39 (17.10 ± 4.33)months. Three cases died of other diseases, 43 cases were graded by the system of Harris. The Harris scale was 70-94 (86.70 ±5.16) scores,and the choiceness rate was 90.7%(39/43). No dislocation,loosening,subsidence and late infection occurred in all the implants. Conclusions Cemented artificial bipolar arthroplasty has good advantages of reduced laying up period and few complications. The short-term outcome is satisfactory.