Objective: The exogenous gibberellin (GA) and ethylene (ET) treatment can improve the medicinal ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Interestingly, many reports pointed out that WRKY transcription factors played an important regulatory role in these treatment responses. However, whether the SmWRKY mediate these treatment signalings in S. miltiorrhiza remains largely elusive. Methods: qRT-PCR was used for SmWRKY42-like in response to exogenous GA and ethephon (Eth) treatment. The subcellular location of SmWRKY42-like was transiently transformed into onion epidermal cells by particle bombardment. The self-activating activity of SmWRKY42-like was verified in AH109 yeast strain. Results: SmWRKY42-like was a WRKY family gene in S. miltiorrhiza. The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity results of the SmWRKY42-like protein indicated that SmWRKY42-like mainly enriched in nucleus and might be a transcription factor in S. miltiorrhiza. In the meantime, the SmWRKY42-like gene significantly responded to exogenous GA and Eth treatment. Conclusion: These results collectively indicated the SmWRKY42-like gene functions, as an important hormone-responsive gene, might play a potentially role in ET and GA signaling pathways.

Objective To study the changes of iodine source and the nutritional status of iodine after termination of iodized salt supply in the areas with different water iodine concentrations in Shanxi province,in order to provide scientific bases for developing strategies on control and prevention of iodine deficiency disorders,and to study the cut-off value of water iodine level where iodized salt supply should be stopped.Methods In 2010 in Shanxi province,6 villages with 100％ of non-iodized salt consumption rate were selected as the survey spots based on the iodine concentration in drinking water of 0-,50-,100-,150-,300-,≥500 μg/L.Villages'iodized salt supply was terminated thoroughly.In each village,20 children aged 8 to 10 were selected.At the same time,women of childbearing age 18 to 50 years old and adult men aged 18 to 60 were selected from the same families as the children.Diet surveys were conducted by the method of 3 days recall on all subjects.Drinking water samples,staple foods,supplementary foods and urinary samples of all subjects were collected and the iodine concentration was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Results ①In the villages of water iodine 25.9,70.6 μg/L,the medians urinary iodine of children,women and men were all ranged from 100 to 199 μg/L,which meant their iodine nutrition levels were appropriate.In the village of water iodine 109.0 μg/L,the medians urinary iodine of children,women and men were all ranged from 200 to 299 μg/L,which meant their iodine nutrition levels were more than appropriate.In the villages of water iodine 225.8,430.0,581.2 μg/L,the medians urinary iodine of children,women and men were all ≥ 300 μg/L,which meant their iodine nutrition levels were too high.②)In all the 6 villages,the intaking amount of iodine met and exceeded the standard recommended intake of dietary iodine by ICCIDD/UNICEF/WHO (8 to 10-year-old children ≥ 120 μg/d,women of childbearing age and adult men ≥ 150 μg/d).But in the village of water iodine 581.2 μg/L,the iodine intake was exceeded the daily maximum safe intake (children aged 8 to 10 ≤800 μg/d,women of childbearing age and adult man ≤ 1000 μg/d).③The amount of iodine ingestion from drinking water was increased with the water content of iodine.When water iodine exceeded 100 μg/L,the amount of iodine ingestion from drinking water was higher than from food intaking,and became a main resource of iodine in the human body.Conclusions In the counties of iodine concentration in drinking water above 100 μg/L in high iodine areas of Shanxi province,the water iodine becomes the most important source of iodine,and iodine nutritional level is more than appropriate or possible excess.It is recommended that in areas of high water iodine of Shanxi province,the standard cut-point of water iodine value is set to 100 μg/L.

Cerebral ischemia is due to cerebral blood supply disorders caused by ischemia and hypoxia resulting in localized ischemic brain necrosis or brain softening of the disease, leading to irreversible brain damage and subsequent loss of neuronal function is a serious threat to human health One of several diseases. For patients with cerebral ischemia, often the lack of effective and extensive treatment. In addition, cerebral ischemia with morbidity, morbidity and mortality are characterized by high, so by the medical profession at home and abroad attention. As a traditional Chinese medicine, cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a complex of ergot fungus, which is parasitized on the larvae of the bat-moth family. The compound is composed of cordycepin, cordyceps polysaccharide, cordyceps sinensis peptides, ergosterol, mannitol, fatty acids and trace elements such as a variety of ingredients, with a wide range of pharmacological effects. Over the years, domestic and foreign scholars on the pharmacological effects of cordyceps sinensis were more comprehensive study of its prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia is also deepening, found that cordyceps sinensis on cerebral ischemia with anti-inflammatory, reduce oxidative damage and neuronal ischemia damage, reduce neuronal apoptosis, improve memory cognition, reduce thrombosis, inhibit NO production, enhance mitochondrial energy supply, scavenging free radicals and other prevention and treatment. But no relevant review. In this paper, the domestic and foreign literatures on the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia by cordyceps sinensis were summarized, analyzed and summarized in order to provide useful information for the research and further development of cordyceps sinensis.

Objective: To compare the detection rate of arrhythmia in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients by different time of ambulatory electrocardiogram (Holter). Methods: A total of 108 consecutive elderly CHF patients received 72h Holter in our hospital from 2016-01 to 2016-09 were enrolled. According to NYHA classification, LVEF and plasma NT-proBNP level, the patients were divided into 3 sets of groups. Detection rates of supra-ventricular arrhythmia and ventricular arrhythmia were compared among 24h, 48h and 72h Holter recording. Results: Based on NYHA classification, the patients were divided into 3 groups: NYHA Ⅱ group, n=24, NYHAⅢ group, n=42 and NYHAⅣ group, n=26; based on NT-proBNP level, the patients were divided into 2 groups: NT-proBNP≥1000 pg/ml group and NT-proBNP<1000 pg/ml group, n=54 in each group; based on LVEF, the patients were divided into 3 groups: HFpEF group, n=80, HFmrEF group, n=13 and HFrEF group, n=15. Detection rate for non-sustained atrial tachycardia (NSAT) was 81.7% by 48h Holter which was higher than 64.6% at 24h, P<0.01; for non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) was 38% at 72h which was higher than 25.9% at 24h, P<0.01. For new-onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, only 1 patient was detected by 24h Holter and the additional 3 patients were detected by 72h. Group analysis indicated that the detection rate of NSVT was different by 72h and 24h Holter in NYHA Ⅲ patients, P<0.05; while it was similar in NYHA Ⅳ patients, P>0.05. Conclusion: Long term (72h/48h) Holter had the higher detection rate of arrhythmia in HF patients, 24 h monitoring was easier to find NSVT in severer HF patients. In moderate to severe HF patients, the detection time may be prolonged if NSVT couldn't be found by 24h Holter which was helpful for clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of X-ray exposure on the release of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-p75 (sTNFR-p75) in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in vitro.

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the levels of sTNFR-p75 in the supernatants of HepG2 cells before and after X-ray exposure. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and the morphological changes of the cells were examined under optical microscope and transmission electron microscope(TEM).

RESULTSX-ray exposure of the cells resulted in a strong increase of cell apoptosis (P<0.05) and sTNFR-p75 production in the cells as compared with the those before the exposure (P<0.01). Optical microscopy revealed apoptotic changes of HepG2 cell after the exposure, shown as cell shrinkage, spherical cell morphology, cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation. Apoptotic bodies were detected by TEM.

CONCLUSIONX-ray exposure induces HepG2 cells apoptosis by inhibiting the release of sTNFR-p75 into the supernatant.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; secretion ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; chemistry ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; secretion ; Microscopy ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; secretion ; Solubility ; X-Rays

OBJECTIVETo compare the ability of three different reconstruction procedures in restoring the posterior displacement of tibia and the posterior stability of the knee joint from 0 degree to 120 degrees flexion.

METHODSThree posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL) reconstruction procedures were performed, namely two-band two-tunnel reconstruction, one-band anterior tunnel reconstruction and one-band posterior tunnel reconstruction. The posterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur was measured when a 200N posterior force was applied.

RESULTSWithin the flexion range of 0 degree to 30 degrees, the displacement in the one-band posterior tunnel reconstruction showed little difference from that of an intact knee (P>0.05). But when the flexion exceeded 30 degrees, especially when it exceeded 60 degrees, the displacement in one-band posterior tunnel reconstruction was much greater than that of an intact knee (P<0.01). In two-band two-tunnel reconstruction and one-band anterior tunnel reconstruction, the displacement was approximately the same as that of an intact knee ranging from 0 degree to 120 degrees (P>0.05), while a slight over-restriction might be found at some angles.

CONCLUSIONSTwo-band reconstruction could effectively restrict the posterior displacement of the tibia and restore anterior, posterior stability of the knee joint within its full range of flexion. One-band anterior tunnel reconstruction also could maintain the posterior stability of the knee, while the result of one-band posterior tunnel reconstruction is the most unsatisfactory.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Range of Motion, Articular

OBJECTIVETo observe the dynamic expression of calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR) in myocardium of diabetic rats.

METHODSThirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups including control, diabetic-4 week and diabetic-8 week groups(n = 10). The type 2 diabetes mellitus models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg) after high-fat and high-sugar diet for one month. The cardiac morphology was observed by electron microscope. Western blot analyzed the expression of CaSR, phospholamban (PLN), a calcium handling regulator, and Ca+-ATPase(SERCA) in cardiac tissues.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the expressions of CaSR and SERCA were decreased, while the expression of PLN was significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in diabetic groups. Meanwhile diabetic rats displayed abnormal cardiac structure.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that the CaSR expression of myocardium is reduced in the progression of DCM, and its potential mechanism may be related to the imnaired intracellular calcium homeostasis.

Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Disease Progression ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing ; metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; metabolism ; Streptozocin

Objective To explore the long-term effect of endemic arsenism on oxidative stress and immune function, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of the disease in the areas. Methods In 2009, Using cluster sampling and typical investigation, the cross-sectional study was completed. The patient groups and the internal control group were selected in the arsenism areas after 5 years quality improvement of drinking water(Silizhuang village, Daying village and Gucheng village in Shanyin county, Gucheng city, Shanxi province) and they were divided into mild, moderate, severe case and internal control groups, respectively. The external control group was selected in a non-arsenism area(Yangzhuang village in Heshengbu city). The Oxidative stress indicators were determined and analyzed [serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined with xanthine oxidase method, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity was determined with 2-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid method, and mmuuity malondisldohyde(MDA) levels was determined with thiobarbituric acid method]. The immune function was determined and analyzed [immunoglobulin G (IgG) was determined with radioimmunoassay method, and serum lysozyme was determined with turbidimetric method]. Results A total of 252 people were surveyed, in which the external control group, the internal control group, mild, moderate and severe patient groups were 56, 57, 49,44 and 46, respectively. Serum SOD activities were (72.19 ± 11.75), (66.96 ± 12.02), (49.79±11.07), (48.54 ±10.56) and (47.68 ± 10.68)kU/L, respectively. The difference of serum SOD activities between the groups was statistically significant(F = 52.42, P ＜ 0.01 ). Serum SOD activities in the external control group were significantly higher than other groups (all P ＜ 0.05). The value in the internal control group was significantly higher than the 3patient groups (all P ＜ 0.05). There were no significant differences between the case groups (P ＞ 0.05). Serum GSH-Px activities of the five groups were (197.41 ± 38.54), (195.02 ± 31.93), (187.26 ± 28.22), (187.24 ± 25.40),(186.88 ± 21.84)U/mg, respectively, and the difference between the groups was not significant(H = 4.21, P ＞0.05). Serum MDA levels of the five groups were (4.51 ± 2.14), (5.88 ± 2.00), (6.44 ± 2.83), (5.89 ± 2.57),(5.88 ± 2.40)μ mol/L, respectively, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(F = 3.36,P ＜ 0.05). The external control group was significantly lower than other groups(all P ＜ 0.05). No significant difference was observed between other groups(all P ＞ 0.05). Serum IgG levels were(11.16 ± 2.08), (8.15 ± 1.44), (8.77 ±2.54), (9.19 ± 1.97), (8.44 ± 2.52)g/L, respectively, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(H = 52.92, P ＜ 0.01 ). The external control group was significantly higher than other groups(all P ＜0.05). No significant difference was observed between other groups(all P ＞ 0.05). Serum lysozyme levels were (13.57 ± 5.16), (10.05 ± 3.96), (8.78 ± 3.35), (8.72 ± 3.76), (9.38 ± 4.26)mg/L, respectively, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (H = 35.00, P ＜ 0.01 ). The external control group was significantly higher than other groups(all P ＜ 0.05). No significant difference was observed between other groups(all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions The effect of arsenic on the body's oxidative stress response and immune function persists after 5 years of drinking low arsenic water. In addition to intensify arsenic removal from drinking water, it should also strengthen the monitoring of population's health in the diseased areas.

Objective To verify the determination of iodine in foodstuff by dry ashing As3+-Ce4+catalytic speetrophotometry.Methods The mixture of foodstuff powder and the solution of K2CO3,ZnSO4,KClO3 and NaCl was heated and dried at 105℃ for 3 hours,then heated by a adjustable electric heater for around 0.5 hour,transferred into muffle fumace to eremated at 600℃ for 4 hours.The dissolved ash was measured by As3+-Ce4+catalytic speetrophotometry.The linear range of the calibration and sensitivity were tested;The precision and accuracy for three kinds of iodine in samples of difierent pumpkins were tested:The iodine contents of standard urine samples and the American standard materials were tested as well.Results This testing covers iodine ranged from 4.4 ng to 250 ng.The relevance coefficient of standard curve was from-0.9997 to-0.9993.The pumpkin iodine contents detected were 45.8,145.0,195.6 μg/kg,with constant variables of 4.3%,3.0%and 3.9%respectively.The recovery was 96.8%,97.8%and 97.6%for three kinds of iodine in samples[(47.2±2.6),(71.9 4-3.3),(95.9±2.4)μg/kg].The relative error was-6.5%when the American standard materials were assessed.The relative error were 11.0%.10.7%and 10.7%when the standard urine samples of three kinds were tested.Conclusion This method,easy to be pefformed with better precision and accuracy,is suitable to measure food iodine as well as total iodine in urine.

Objective To explore the changes in neuroglobin(NGB)expression in rat cerebral cortex induced by acute and chronic hypoxia at high altitude.Methods Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into normal control and experimental groups,and in the latter group,the rats kept in a high-altitude research base in Kekexili(4600 m),while the control rats were kept in a facility at the altitude of 2295 m.The rats in the experimental group were divided into 6 groups with the exposure time of 12,24,48,72 h,1 week and 1 month.An oximeter was used to measure the SaO2 level.Semi-quantitative PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of NGB mRNA and protein in the cortical neurons of the rats after the exposure.Results After explosure of the rats to hypoxia at high altitude for 12h,the SaO2 was lowered to(70.70±2.83)%and increased gradually as exposure time prolonged,but remained lower than that in the control group throughout the exposure.RT-PCR showed a rapid increase of NGB mRNA expression after 24-h exposure to hypoxia,followed by gradual decrease till recovery of the normal level at 1 week;the expression slowly increased after 1 week and maintained a high level till 1 months.showing significant difference from that in the control group(P＜0.05).Western blotting showed an identical pattem of NGG protein expression alterations during the experiment.Conclusion NGB expressions in the cerebral cortex increase significantly after acute and chronic hypoxia at an altitude of 4600 m to enhance the tolerance to hypobaric hypoxia,suggesting the possible role of NGB as an important endogenous mechanism for protecting the neural tissues against hypoxic injuries.