ObjectiveTo recognize the cranial MRI appearance in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy(CADASIL). MethodsFive patients with CADASIL from two generations in a family underwent routine MRI and MRA examinations.Three patients with CADASIL were confirmed by the Notch3 genetic testing and the vascular pathological Resultsand one was diagnosed on basis of MR and clinical manifestations. The imaging data from 4 patients with CADASIL were analyzed.ResultsFour cases achieved preliminary diagnosis of CADASIL and one was excluded by MRI.In 4 patients with CADASIL,bilateral symmetrical,confluent white matter lesions in the subcortical and Deriventricular regions were seen frequently in the temporal,frontal and parietal lobes,but the occipital lobes were less involved.These lesions appeared as long T1 and long T2 signal.O'Sul]ivan sign was shown in all cases and subcortical lacunar lesions was seen in 2 cases. In the centrum semiovale,well-defined,round or oval cystic infarcts(black holes)were demonstrated in 3 cases and multiple tiny round enlarged perivascular spaces(pepperpot appearance)in all cases.The corpus callosum was involved in all cases,and it was evidently atrophic in 2 cases.The anterior part of internal capsule and external capsule were were present in the basal ganglia and brainstem. Only one case revealed a small infarct in the right cerebellum. Four Datients shared mild or moderate atrophy of brainstem, cerebellum and cerebrum. No marked abnorillalitv of large vessels was seen in all cerebral MRA. ConclusionsThe cranial MRI appearance in CADASIL shows some characteristics.MRI may give some infotznation in the preliminary diagnosis or exclusion of CADASIL.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate total drinking water intake of adults in the four cities of China in summer.

METHODSA total of 1483 adults aged 18 - 60 yrs from Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou were selected using multiple-stage random sampling method. The information of amounts and types of daily drinking water was recorded by subjects for seven consecutive days using a quantitative measurement. The amounts and types of daily drinking water among different cities and between men and women or urban and rural was analyzed.

RESULTSThe median of daily total drinking water of subjects was 1488 ml, with significant difference among the four cities (1579, 1793, 1150, 1467 ml in Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou city, respectively, χ(2) = 154.31, P = 0.000). The median of daily drinking water was significantly higher in men (1679 ml) than women (1370 ml) (Z = 8.34, P = 0.000), but no significant difference was found between urban (1514 ml) and rural (1466 ml) daily drinking water median (Z = -0.81, P = 0.420). The median of daily consumption of plain water, tea and beverages were 786, 109, 186 ml, respectively. Among four cities, the highest consumption of plain water was in subjects of Guangzhou (917 ml), while the highest tea consumption in Shanghai (257 ml) and the highest beverages consumption in Shanghai (323 ml) and Beijing (264 ml). Consumption of tea in men (229 ml) was significantly higher than that in women (57 ml) (Z = 7.52, P = 0.000). Subjects in urban (693 ml) had lower consumption of plain water than those in rural (914 ml). The proportion was 32.4% (480/1483) for subjects with water drinking less than 1200 ml per day.

CONCLUSIONThe daily consumption of total drinking water, including plain water, tea and beverages is different in adults among different cities and is different in gender and regions. It is nearly 1/3 of subjects with daily total drinking water less than current Chinese recommended water intake (1200 ml).

Adolescent ; Adult ; Beverages ; China ; Drinking ; physiology ; Drinking Water ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seasons ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

Haizao Yuhu decoction (HYD) is a formula that has been used for approximately 500 years and famous for its efficiency in treating thyroid-related diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). HYD was first presented by Chen Shi-gong in a famous surgical monograph named Waike Zhengzong during the Ming Dynasty. We conducted the research to investigate the possible pharmacokinetic profile of different prescriptions of HYD in rats, in order to reveal the interactions of Haizao and Gancao drug pair with other herbs in HYD. Liquiritin, naringin, besperidin, peimine, peiminine liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid, hergapten, nobiletin, osthole, glycyrrhetinic acid in blood samples were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The result revealed tbat Haizao could enhance the peak concentration of glycyrrhizic acid. The other herbs in HYD may promote'the absorption of flavonoids in Gancao in normal rats, but inhibit the absorption of saponins and accelerate their metabolism. Gancao and Haizao drug pair could enhance the bioavailability of hesperidin, peimine, bergapten, nobiletin and osthole and prolong the elimination of peimine and naringin.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; China ; epidemiology ; Death ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors ; Suicide ; statistics & numerical data

Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lung ; pathology ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; pathology

BACKGROUNDEmerging evidence suggests that stem cells can be used to improve cardiac function in patients after acute myocardial infarction. In this randomized trial, we aimed to use Doppler tissue tracking and strain imaging to assess left ventricular segmental function after intracoronary transfer of autologous bone-marrow stem cells (BMCs) for 6 months' follow up.

METHODSTwenty patients with acute myocardial infarction and anterior descending coronary artery occlusion proven by angiography were [corrected] randomized into intracoronary injection of bone-marrow cell (treated, n = 9) or diluted serum (control, n = 11) groups. GE vivid 7 and Q-analyze software were used to perform echocardiogram in both groups 1 week, 3 months and 6 months after treatment. Three apical views of tissue Doppler imaging were acquired to measure peak systolic displacement (Ds) and peak systolic strain (epsilonpeak) from 12 segments of LV walls. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) were obtained by Simposon's biplane method.

RESULTS(1) 3 months later, Ds and epsilonpeak over the infract-related region clearly increased in the BMCs group [Ds: (4.49 +/- 2.71) mm vs (7.56 +/- 2.95) mm, P < 0.01; epsilonpeak: (-13.40 +/- 6.00)% vs (-17.06 +/- 6.05)%, P < 0.01], but not in the control group [Ds: (4.74 +/- 2.67) mm vs (5.01 +/- 3.23) mm, P > 0.05; epsilonpeak: (-13.84 +/- 6.05)% vs (-15.04 +/- 6.75)%, P > 0.05]. At the same time, Ds over the normal region also increased, but the Ds enhancement was markedly higher in the BMCs group than that in the control group [(3.21 +/- 3.17) mm vs (0.76 +/- 1.94) mm, P < 0.01]. Parameters remained steady from the 3rd to 6th month in either group (P > 0.05). (2) LVEF in treated and control groups were almost the same at baseline (1st week after PCI) [(53.37 +/- 8.92)% vs (53.51 +/- 5.84)%, P > 0.05]. But 6 months later, LVEF in the BMCs group were clearly higher than that in the control group [(59.33 +/- 12.91)% vs (50.30 +/- 8.30)%, P < 0.05]. (3) There were no evident difference in EDV or ESV between two groups at baseline [EDV: (113.74 +/- 23.24) ml vs (129.94 +/- 32.72) ml, P > 0.05; ESV: (57.12 +/- 18.66) ml vs (62.09 +/- 17.68) ml, P > 0.05]. Three months later, EDV and ESV in the control group were markedly greater than those in the BMCs group [EDV: (154.89 +/- 46.34) ml vs (104.85 +/- 33.21) ml, P < 0.05; ESV: (82.91 +/- 35.79) ml vs (49.54 +/- 23.32) ml, P < 0.05]. But EDV and ESV did not change much from 3rd to 6th month in either group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEmergency transplantation of autologous BMCs in patients with acute myocardial infarction helps to improve global and regional contractility and attenuate post-infarction left ventricular remodeling. Tissue tracking and strain imaging provide quick, simple and noninvasive methods for quantifying left ventricular segmental function in humans.

Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Ventricular Remodeling

Saliva and blood were collected from two patients who had not received post exposure prophylaxis in the cities of Wenzhou and Xinning respectively. Both patients were confirmed as positive for rabies by detection of rabies virus specific nucleoprotein antibodies in the sera by Western Blot. However, rabies virus specific RNA was only identified in the saliva collected from the patient in Wenzhou. Furthermore, the isolate Zhejiang Wz0 (H) was obtained by inoculating one-day-old suckling mice. Both nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) genes from the isolate were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belonged to classic rabies virus, and shared a higher homology with the street viruses from dogs in the main endemic areas in China and the street virus from dogs in Indonesia than with other known strains. Further comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences between the isolate and the vaccine strains used in China showed that the virus had a higher level of homology with the vaccine strain CTN than with the other vaccine strains (3aG, PV, PM and ERA). In particular, amino acid residues substitutions located in antigenic site Ⅲ in the G protein, which could react with the neutralizing antibodies, were observed. These results suggested that the virus belonged to the classic rabies virus, and both N and G genes diverged from the current vaccine strains used in China at either the nucleotide or the amino acid level.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective brain hypothermia (SBH) in the treatment of neonates with moderate or severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and the effect of SBH treatment on serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and central nervous specific protein S100. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. From January 2015 to June 2017, 42 children with moderate to severe HIE in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College were enrolled, and they were randomly divided into SBH treatment group and routine treatment group after obtaining the consent of the guardian of the children. The children in routine treatment group were given the traditional symptomatic supportive treatment, supplemented by drugs to promote nerve cell growth. On the basis of traditional treatment, the children in the SBH treatment group were given SBH treatment within 6 hours after birth. The nasopharyngeal temperature was maintained at 33.0-34.5 ℃ and the rectal temperature was maintained at 34.5-35.0 ℃. The general clinical data of the two groups including gender, gestational age, birth weight, age, 5-minute neonatal asphyxia score (Apgar score), score for neonatal acute physiology perinatal extension version Ⅱ (SNAPPEⅡ) were collected. The primary outcomes were hospitalized death, severe disability at 15 months of age, neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) score at 28 days of age, and Bayley scales of infant development (BSID) score [including mental development index (MDI) score and psychomotor development index (PDI) score] at 15 months of age at follow-up. The secondary outcomes were serum levels of NSE and S100 protein. The occurrences of adverse events in the two groups were recorded. Results Among 42 HIE children, 1 child of severe congenital malformation and 1 child of platelet count (PLT)﹤50×109/L were excluded, and 40 children were enrolled in the study group. During the follow-up period, 2 children of SBH treatment group and 2 children of routine treatment group were lost or the outcome was unknown. Finally, 18 children of each group were enrolled in the analysis. There was no significant difference in the baseline data of gender, gestational age, birth weight, age, 5-minure Apgar score or SNAPPEⅡ score between the two groups, indicating that the baseline data of the two groups were balanced and comparable. The incidence of severe disability in the SBH treatment group was significantly lower than that in the routine treatment group [5.6% (1/18) vs. 44.4% (8/18), P﹤0.05]. There was 1 child death in the routine treatment group and no death in the SBH treatment group. Compared with the routine treatment group, the 28-day NBNA score of the SBH treatment group was increased by 2.9 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.0-4.8], BSID score at 15 months of age was improved significantly, MDI score was increased by 11.8 (95%CI = 4.3-19.3), and PDI score was increased by 12.4 (95%CI = 2.5-22.3), with significant differences between the two groups (all P﹤0.05). After 3 days of treatment, the serum NSE and S100 protein levels in both groups were significantly decreased as compared with those before treatment [NSE (μg/L): 30.15±15.18 vs. 31.32±14.75, S100 (ng/L): 387.5 (273.3, 573.0) vs. 890.0 (590.5, 1 162.5) in routine treatment group; NSE (μg/L): 29.09±16.22 vs. 32.25±15.43, S100 (ng/L): 402.5 (302.2, 580.5) vs. 842.0 (462.3, 1 200.5) in SBH treatment group, all P﹤0.05]. There was no significant difference in serum NSE or S100 protein level between the two groups (all P﹥0.05). There was no serious adverse event such as arrhythmia, large vein thrombosis or irreducible hypotension in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of general adverse events such as sinus bradycardia, scleredema, blood glucose disorder, or systemic infection between the two groups [16.7% (3/18) vs. 11.1% (2/18), 5.6% (1/18) vs. 5.6% (1/18), 22.2% (4/18) vs. 11.1% (2/18), 5.6% (1/18) vs. 5.6% (1/18), all P﹥0.05]. Conclusions SBH treatment could significantly increase the NBNA score at 28 days of birth and BSID score at 15 months of age, reduce the incidence of severe disability in moderate and severe HIE children, but it was not be proved that SBH could reduce the mortality. Compared with routine treatment, SBH treatment had no significant superiority on improving the levels of serum NSE and S100 protein, suggesting that SBH could not protect the brain by inhibiting the apoptosis of nerve cells and promoting the repair of nerve cells.

Objective Serine /threonine kinases (STK) and phosphatases (STP) regulate various physiological activities of prokaryotes by reversible phosphorylation of proteins .This paper aimed to study the effects of simultaneous deletion of the stk and stp1 genes on the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of streptococcus suis type 2, the Chinese virulent strain 05ZYH33. Methods The double mutant of the stk and stp1 genes of 05ZYH33 was constructed by homologous recombination .The biological characteristics of the wild strain 05ZYH33 and the mutant strain Δstk/stp1 were compared.The effects of the stk and stp1 deletion on bacterial virulence was analyzed using cell adhesion assay , anti-phagocytosis assay and the mouse model of infection . Results RT-PCR showed that the stk and stp1 genes were replaced by the spectinomycin resistance gene Spc r and the mutant strain was successfully constructed .Experi-ments of biological characterization revealed gradually increased value of 05ZYH33 and Δstk/stp1 at 2 hours after inoculation and a plateau period at 7 hours.The logarithmic phase of the mutant strain (A600≈0.4) was 1 hour later than that of the wild one , and the bacterial den-sity of the former was lower than that of the latter after the plateau pe -riod (0.8 vs 1.0).On the blood plates of 05ZYH33 and Δstk/stp1 were observed greyish, round, semitransparent, wet and smooth-sur-faced tiny bacterial colonies , around which there were hemolysis rings with no significant differences in colony morphology and hemolytic ac -tivity.In the experiment on pathogenicity , the mice of the 05ZYH33 group all died within 12 hours while 9 of the 30 mice in the Δstk/stp1 group died within 12 hours and all died within 24 hours. Conclusion The simultaneous deletion of the stk and stp1 genes may mainly affect the regulation of the proteins associated with bacte -rial proliferation and division.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the gene causing diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma in a Chinese pedigree. METHODS: Four normal individuals and 3 patients in a diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma family and 10 unrelated control samples were recruited. The hotspot of the mutations of keratin 9 gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. RESULTS: We found a G485A transition in ke ratin 9 gene, resulting in the substitution of glutamine for arginine at codon 162 in this diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma family. The mutation was not found in the 10 unrelated control samples and 4 normal individuals. CONCLUSION The mutation G485A found in keratin 9 gene is the disease-causing mutation in the diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma family.
Base Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Keratins ; genetics ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar, Diffuse ; genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree