Objective To analyze the results of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE) of medical interns in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,and to assess the role of OSCE in clinical teaching and practice. MethodsAtolal of 104 medical interns of five-year education program in 2002 and seven-year education program in 2003 in School of Medicine had taken part in OSCE of gynecology and obstetrics.The OSCE consisted of six stations: gynecologic examination,obstetric examination,oral test,interrogation of standardized-patients(SP),drawing partogram,and non-stress test(NST) explanation.After gathering the data of each station,the software of SPSS 11.0 was used to make statistical analysis. Results The median scores were as follows: 92.0 for gynecologic examination,91.0 for obstetric examination,83.5 for oral test,80.0 for interrogation of SP,80.0 for drawing partogram,and 70.0 for NST explanation.There was no significant impact of familiarity to OSCE on the results of the test.The results showed that medical interns did good job in basic performance,but lack of clinical practice skills in some complicated practice of gynecology and obstetrics.Conclusion The grading system and stations setup of OSCE in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital show objectivity and equity.The OSCE can be widely applied in the after-department examination and even graduation examination.

The assistant artificial hip joint (AAHJ) is a new impermanent hip support implanted in the body. It is used for treatment of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head at the early stage. It reserves the natural femoral head, increases its containment and decreases its load, thus makes the recovery of the necrosed femoral head. The AAHJ's moving axis center is the same as that of the femoral head. Therefore, the moving range of the hip joint is very close to the normal postoperatively. The patient can walk with loading in 3 weeks after the surgical operation, and can regain his (or her) daily work and life in 2 to 3 months of the operation. The AAHJ's structure is simple and the price is cheap.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; instrumentation ; Femur Head Necrosis ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; surgery ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Recovery of Function ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of cases with rash and fever illness (RFIs) after measles vaccine (MV) inoculation.

METHODSDuring 1999 to 2002, 150 RFIs cases reported by the special measles surveillance system in Shandong province, China, were investigated and analyzed epidemiologically.

RESULTS7 674 690 ml MV were distributed during 1999 to 2002 and the annual average incidence of RFIs cases after MV inoculation was 0.20/10 000 ml (0.2 ml per dose). There was significant difference of incidences each year (chi(2) = 10.13, P < 0.05). All RFIs cases were sporadically distributed without epidemiological links. Clinical symptoms showed that 88.67% of the 150 RFIs cases having > 38.5 degrees C fever and 75.33% of all cases appeared typical rash after 4 to 11 days (the medium was 8 days) after MV inoculation. The order of rash onset among RFIs cases was consistent with that of regular measles cases caused by wild virus. 68.67% of the RFIs cases had first MV inoculation and 94.71% were 8 to 12 month-olds. IgM sera antibody test from RFIs cases were rubella negative and 45.65% positive for measles.

CONCLUSIONRFIs due to allergic reaction or measles vaccine virus infection might occur after MV inoculation. There seemed to be a correlation between RFIs incidence and the doses of MV. Measles virus genotype analysis needs to be carried out to confirm if the onset of some RFIs cases is aetiologically associated to MV vaccine virus infection.

Exanthema ; etiology ; virology ; Fever ; etiology ; virology ; Humans ; Measles ; prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; adverse effects ; Measles virus ; immunology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVETo analyze the changing of age patterns among rubella patients after implementing rubella vaccine immunization to children in Shandong province since 1995.

METHODSEpidemiologic data on rubella through surveillance system for suspected measles from 1999 to 2004 and data on rubella vaccination were used and analyzed.

RESULTSThe annual average incidence rate of rubella from 1999 to 2004 had been 0.59 per 100 thousands population while 81.17% of cases were concentrated during the outbreaks. 77.77% of the cases were school children between 7-15 years old and 7.93% of the cases were under 7 years old. The age-median of cases were 10.37, 11.66, 11.41, 12.81, 14.28 and 13.96 years old from 1999 to 2004, respectively. The estimated coverage of rubella vaccine for pre-school children was about 60% but only 20% were for school children.

CONCLUSIONThe peak age of cases moved from youth towards adolescence which indicated that women with child-bearing age might have been under risk of developing the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). It is necessary to carry out screening test of rubella antibody and vaccination to women with child-bearing age and the immunization strategy should be established to guide the control of rubella and CRS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Rubella ; complications ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Vaccination ; statistics & numerical data ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology ; Young Adult

Objective To analyse the clinical efficacy of low-frequency of midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture-opening method(also called Ziwu Liuzhu Acupuncture,referring to the needling method based on acupoints selection according to qi and blood movement following heavenly-stems and earthly-branches cycle)in treating low myopia in children.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 84 cases(168 eyes)of children with low myopia who received treatment at the Outpatient Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2022.The children were divided into two groups according to the different treatment protocols:42 cases(84 eyes)treated with acupuncture combined with conventional optometry as the control group,and 42 cases(84 eyes)treated with low-frequency of midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture-opening method combined with conventional optometry as the observation group,and the treatment course of both groups was 24 weeks.The changes of refractive error and axial length before and after treatment were observed,and the clinical efficacy in the two groups of children were evaluated.Results(1)After treatment,there being statistically significant differences in the refractive error between the two groups of the children(P＜0.05),and the differential value of the refractive error of the children between the two groups before and after treatment was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,there being statistically significant differences in the axial length of the children in both groups(P＜0.05).The differential value of axial lengths of the children between the two groups before and after treatment was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)The total effective rate of the observation group was 84.52%(71/84),and which of the control group was 63.10%(53/84),the efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The low-frequency of midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture-opening method in treating low myopia in children can effectively postpone the degree of myopia,and decrease the growth of the axis,with exact therapeutic effect.

Objective To clarify the understanding of types of laboratories and manufacturers for GB 9706.1-2020 Medical electrical equipment-Part 1:General requirements for basic safety and essential performance by laboratory proficiency testing for creepage distance and electrical clearance test.Methods An operation guide was formed according to the testing program in GB 9706.1-2020,and the homogeneity and stability of the samples were evaluated according to CNAS-GL003:2018 Guidance on Evaluating the Homogenneity and Stability of Samples Used for Proficiency Testing.Robust statistic methods were used to assess the quantitative parameters of the test results of the participating laboratories according to the requirements in GB/T 28043-2019 Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison;the results reported by the expert laboratories were used as the specified values of the qualitative parameters.SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results All the results of the crreepage distance and electrical clearance tests met the requirements for homogeneity and stability.Of the 46 laboratories involved in,37 ones did have comprehensive satisfactory determinations while the remained 9 ones not.Conclusion Some laboratories don't behave well in understanding the standard,which have to be reformed accordingly to enhance their proficiencies.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(10):54-59]

BACKGROUNDNo data on the incidence of pleural effusion (PE) in Chinese patients with pulmonary embolism are available to date. The aim of the current study was to investigate the frequency of PE in a Chinese population of patients with pulmonary embolism.

METHODSThis was a retrospective observational single-center study. All data of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) performed over 6-year period on adult patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism were analyzed.

RESULTSFrom January 2008 until December 2013, PE was identified in 423 of 3141 patients (13.5%) with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism who underwent CTPA. The incidence of PE in patients with pulmonary embolism (19.9%) was significantly higher than in those without embolism (9.4%) (P < 0.001). Majority of PEs in pulmonary embolism patients were small to moderate and were unilateral. The locations of emboli and the numbers of arteries involved, CT pulmonary obstruction index, and parenchymal abnormalities at CT were not associated with the development of PE.

CONCLUSIONSPEs are present in about one fifth of a Chinese population of patients with pulmonary embolism, which are usually small, unilateral, and unsuitable for diagnostic thoracentesis.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Effusion ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; Pulmonary Embolism ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo analyze the geographical distribution and risk factors of HIV-1 subtypes in Yunnan province.

METHODSBlood samples from 1319 HIV positives were collected in Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2006. The nested polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the gag (p24)-protease fragments from RNA extracted from plasma or sera. The sequences were used for subtype determination by phylogenetic tree analysis.

RESULTSAmong 1319 samples studied, the subtypes has been successfully obtained from 644 samples that were constituted of seven subtypes: CRF08_BC, CRF07_BC, CRF07/08_BC, CRF01_AE, C, B' and URFB/C. C/CRF07_BC/CRF08_BC were distributed in the whole province, but CRF01_AE were mainly distributed in the boarding areas with Myanmar such as Dehong, Baoshan, Xishuangbanna and Puer. Moreover, injecting drugs users accounted for 61.6% (270/438) among C/CRF07_BC/CRF08_BC infections, while only 8.5% (15/177) among CRF01_AE infections.

CONCLUSIONOur data indicated that at least seven subtypes were identified in Yunnan province, the relationship between subtypes and transmission routes were analyzed, and the geographic difference of subtypes was also observed.

China ; DNA, Viral ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; transmission ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; virology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThis study is aimed at evaluating the utility of the portable CD4 analyzers (PIMA).

METHODSThe paired finger prick blood (25 µl) and 5 ml venous blood samples were collected from 196 HIV infected patients, who came to Yunnan CDC voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinic for CD4 test services, from May to August, 2012. The absolute CD4 cell counts were measured by PIMA (using venous and finger-prick blood) and by Calibur (using venous blood) as the reference. The PIMA and Calibur CD4 results were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were estimated. The Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the consistency of the two methods.

RESULTSThe median absolute CD4 counts of 196 venous blood samples obtained by PIMA and by Calibur were 268 (range:169-403) cells/µl and 302 (range:181-474) cells/µl respectively, which showed significant difference (Z = -7.31, P < 0.01). The median absolute CD4 counts measured by PIMA and by Calibur (using 188 finger-prick and venous blood samples respectively) were 271 (range: 165-450) cells/µl and 304 (range:188-476) cells/µl, which also showed significant difference (Z = -7.60, P < 0.01). The CD4 counts obtained by PIMA CD4 analyzer (using venous and finger-prick blood) showed strong positive correlation with the CD4 counts obtained by the reference method (using venous blood), and the r values were 0.94 and 0.92 respectively (P < 0.01) . The mean biases (limit of agreement) were -38.7 (-210.9-133.5)cells/µl and -45.4 (-221.8-131.0) cells/µl, respectively.Using 350 CD4 counts as the threshold for ART treatment initiation, the sensitivity and specificity of PIMA were 99.1% and 79.3% for venous blood samples, and 97.2%and 78.5% for finger-prick blood samples, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe CD4 counts obtained by PIMA are lower than that obtained by Calibur, while the sensitivity is high.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; instrumentation ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; instrumentation ; methods ; HIV Infections ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult