Objective: To explore the methodology and efifcacy of transcatheter induced closure in patients with small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods: A total of 717 PDA patients treated in our hospital from 2005-11 to 2014-08 were summarized and there were 8 patients with small PDA were treated by transcatheter induced closure method including 3 male and 5 female from (1-6) years of age at the mean of (3.9±1.4) years with the body weight of (10-21) kg at the mean of (15.2±3.7) kg. The procedures were performed under local or general anesthesia with right cardiac catheterization and descending aortic arch angiography to observe PDA morphology and to measure PDA diameter at aortic and pulmonary aterial lateral and ductus length. Right catheter along the guide wear was pushed to the narrowest part of PDA and the motion was repeated for several times to stimulate the local area and then, the catheter was kept at PDA aortic lateral about 20 minutes thereafter. Results: Descending aortic arch angiography indicated that no residual shunt at 20 min after catheter partial blockage in all 8 patients, the immediate closure rate was 100%. No patient suffering from re-canalization by 1 year follow-up examination. Conclusion: Transcatheter induced closure of small PDA has minor trauma, no foreign material implantation, with low cost and good effect. It provides a new method for treating such particular type of PDA patients in clinical practice.

Animals ; Beer ; adverse effects ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective:To improve the teaching quality of in-service clinical pharmacist training. Methods:According to the traits of in-service pharmacists and teaching methods, combined with problem-based learning ( PBL), peer-led team learning(PLTL) and lecture-based learning ( LBL) , a standard teaching mode for in-service clinical pharmacists was explored and established. Results:The teaching mode could not only improve the study enthusiasm of students, but also let them master the study methods, and team co-operation consciousness was strengthened. Conclusion:An integrated teaching mode of LBL, PBL and PLTL has a good teaching effect on clinical pharmacist training.

BACKGROUND: Visual-motor integration (VMI) test was introduced into China in the 1970s and 1990s and widely used for evaluation and identification of problems in intellectual development and learning ability in children due to its good applicability without limitations by language and cultural background.OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of developmental test of VMI in children with hearing handicap, and evaluate its practical feasibility in largescale screening of intelligence problems in these children by comparing its reliability and validity with the norms of children in Shaanxi Province and the USA.DESIGN: A controlled correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis with randomized cluster sampling.SETTING: Neurological Department of the First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi' an Jiaotong University.PARTICIPANTS: From January 1998 to December 2000, 638 children under 18 years of age with hearing handicaps were chosen from 6 schools of deaf-mutes in Xi'an City, Xianyang City, Chang'an County, Huxian County,and Lintong County in Shaanxi Province. Another 43 children with hearing handicap including 23 male and 20 female children aged (11.62±1.98) years were selected randomly for EEG and brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) examination, who had a mean development quotient of VMI of 86.60±15.68. The children were divided by the development quotient into two groups, namely those with development quotient ＜ 86.6 (n=20) and those with development quotient ≥ 86.6 (n=23). METHODS: ① The VMI test was performed in accordance with the Fourth edition of VMI Manual by Beery K.E. The test was terminated when the testee failed to correctly copy three consecutive geometrical figures without time limit. The scale score varied from 0 to 27. ② The reliability test included split-half reliability test in which the items were split into two parts according to odd-even number, re-test reliability that tested the same group of children again in two months and inter-examiner reliability in which two examiners were asked to grade the same test paper.③ The validity test included structural and correlation validity test. Three well-revised and already established norms of scales in China, including Hiskey- Nebraska test of learning aptitude (H-NTLA), performance scale of Wechsler intelligent scale for children (PS-WISC) and Combined Raven's test (CRT), have been chosen as the structure validity criteria. The performance IQ of PS-WISC, learning quotient of H-NTLA, percentile rank of CRT and standard score of VMI were taken respectively for each test in this study.Academic achievements and teachers' and parent's rating were used as the validity correlation criteria. During the administration procedure, a card describing the requirements in detail were presented to the deaf children with reading capacity, while for those too young to read, the teacher was asked to help translate the requirements using standard sign language, but no any hints or clues in relation with the test contents were given. ④ The test did not start until the subjects fully understood the requirement (7314/F/W DYD-300A).EEG recording was performed with the leads deposited according to the international standard 10/20 lead system. Routine EEG had been recorded at least 30 minutes for visual assessment, and stable and representative waves for 120 seconds free of biases or inferences were recorded using unipolar lead from the subjects at rest with the eyes closed and stored in computer.Experienced EEG experts were asked to select the most representative waves of 20 seconds in a double-blind manner to compute the absolute power spectrum of the brain wave.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reliability and validity of VMI test,relationship between VMI ability and cerebral electrophysiological changes.RESULTS: Totally 638 children under 18 years old with hearing handicap were involved, of whom 72 were eliminated because of lack of data, congenital disease or central nervous system diseases. Finally 566 cases were available for analysis, including 346 male and 220 female children with an average age of (12±3) years. ① The reliability of VMI reached an average of 0.92, varying from 0.63 to 0.99 in each group. The equivalent age corresponding to the scores of the VMI test norm established for the 566 healthy deaf children was lower by an average of (1.79±0.9) years than the equivalent age in the norms of the normal children in Shaanxi Province delayed and USA. ② The standard score of VMI test showed the highest correlation coefficient of 0.661 0 with the learning quotient of H-NTLA, while the correlation with PS-WISC and CRT were 0.357 6 and 0.517 4, respectively.③ Children with higher VMI score showed more powerful absolute spectrum among frequency rangesδ,θ,αl and total power spectrum in the central, parietal and occipital regions of the left hemisphere, respectively.CONCLUSION: VMI test can efficiently reflect the development status of visual-motor integration or intelligence of the school-age deaf children and represent the level of central EEG activity.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace ; psychology

Objective: To explore the relationship between plasma levels of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and cardiac function in ventricular septal defect (VSD) children before and after the interventional therapy.
Methods: Our research included 2 groups:VSD group, n=90 containing 43 male and 47 female at the age of (3-12) years and treated in our hospital from 2011-09 to 2012-09, Control group, n=50 healthy children with matched age and gender. The levels CGRP were measured at before and 24 hours, 3 days, 5 days, 3 months after the therapy. The cardiac function as left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricle end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricle end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricle end systolic volume (LVESV) and ejection fraction (EF) were examined by echocardiography at before and after the procedure.
Results: Before interventional procedure, the level of CGRP in VSD group was lower than Control group (35.28 ± 7.25) pg/ml vs (50.90 ± 8.60) pg/ml, t=11.42, P<0.01. In VSD group, the post-procedural levels of CGRP were increased at all time points, the highest level was at 24 hours and the descending started at 3 days after procedure;the levels of CGRP at before and 24 hours, 3 days, 5 days after the procedure were different as (35.28 ± 7.25) pg/ml vs (102.03 ± 11.73) pg/ml, (35.28 ± 7.25) pg/ml vs (93.36 ± 9.12) pg/ml, (35.28 ± 7.25) pg/ml vs (87.91 ± 8.54) pg/ml, t=27.03, 26.93, 24.51, all P<0.01. In VSD group, the LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDV and LVESV decreased gradually at 5 days, 3 months and 6 months after the procedure;the levels of CGRP were signiifcantly related to LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDV, LVESV at before and 5 days, 3 months after the procedure, all P<0.05.
Conclusion: Plasma levels of CGRP closely related to ventricular cavity diameter, which was important for evaluating the cardiac function in VSD children after the interventional therapy.

Objective To investigate the methods of rectifying the excessive width of fold line and conglutination of the upper eyelid following blepharoplasty. Methods The width of double eyelid was redesigned, ranging from 6 mm to 8 mm. Then the scar of upper eyelid was excised about 1 mm to 2 mm, and the orbital septum fat flap, orbicularis oculi flap, infraorbicularis oculi fat flap and injection of lipochondria were utilized to fill the depression of upper eyelid. Results In our series, there were 20 eyelids of 16 cases receiving rectification. Orbital septum fat flap was used to correct 2 eye-lids, orbicularis oculi flap 4 eyelids, infraorbicularis oculi fat flap 10 eyelids and injection of lipochon-dria 4 cases. Among 12 eases of following-up, 10 of them were satisfied with the postoperative effects. The results were acceptable in other 2 cases. Conclusion It is a good approach to correct the excessive width of fold line and conglutination of the upper eyelid with local flaps, including the orbital septum fat flap, orbicularis oculi flap, infraorbicularis oculi fat flap and injection of lipochondria.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Animals ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; methods ; Food Analysis ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; analysis

Objective To explore the methods and effects of improving facial appearance on volume defect and aging,and recovery of aesthetic looks by autologous fat granules graft.Methods We designed the filling areas according to gender,age,individual face characteristics and desire of the case before operation.By liposuction technology with low pressure from the trunk,fats were taken with cleaning and purifying.Then pure fats were injected to the marked areas of the face by multi-level and multi-tunnel injection.It was able to supply the facial volume for lost soft tissue,to improve the aging appearance and to achieve smooth facial contour.Results All cases were followed-up for 3 months to 2 years,facial appearances were satisfied or improved,without fat liquefaction,infection,scleroma and other complications.Only a few cases needed complementary transplantation.The overall results were satisfactory.Conclusions Autologous fat granules graft is a safe and effective facial soft tissue filling technology.It can effectively improve facial aging appearance,restore natural,young and beautiful looks,and be worth for clinical application.