Objective To study the causes of reoperation after biliary duct operation, in order to decreasing the rate of biliary tract reoperation. Methods The clinical data of 828 patients who underwent reoperation of biliary duct diseases in Nankai hospital between 1990-1999 were evalated, and the causes of biliary duct reoperation were classified and analysed.Results The most common cause for reoperation was recurrent or retained bile stone(65.10% ), bile stone companied by stenosis of the sphincter of oddi (33.82%), simple stenosis of sphincter of Oddi ( 9.54%), traumatic stricture of bile duct and stricture of bilioenteric anastomosis( 10.39%), bile duct obstruction due to tumor (6.52%), and other less important factors. Conclusions Recurrent or retained bile duct stone was the main cause for biliary reoperation,and stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi was the next important factor for reoperations.Thoroughness of the initial operation and rationality of operative procedure are the chief factors to decrease bile duct reoperations.

This paper revealed the accumulation regularity of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts contents of Dendrobium officinale leaves, which have provided basis for the development and utilization of the leaves. The polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts contents of three D. officinale strains leaves collected in different growing periods were determined by phenol-sulfric acid method and hot-dip method respectively. The results showed that the content of polysaccharides in leaves was 4.45% -12.17%, and was about a quarter in stems. The alcohol-soluble extracts content in leaves was 7.45% - 29.34%, and was 1.5 times that of stems. The quality variation of polysaccharides in leaves was closely related to the phenophase. The leaves with lower level of metabolism in three stages: winter, early germination stage and deciduous period, which led to lower content of polysaccharides. The leaves at the vigorous growth stage with higher content of polysaccharides. The alcohol-soluble extracts were closely associated to the formation and germination of buds. The content of alcohol-soluble extracts peaked before sprout, and promoted the growth of new shoots.
Dendrobium ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; metabolism ; Seasons

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; enzymology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peroxidase ; blood

As a neuropeptide, neurotensin (NTS) is widely expressed in central and peripheral nervous system, which is mainly mediated byneurotensin receptor1 (NTSR1) to activate the related downstream signaling pathways. After summarized the function and mechanism of NTS/NTSR1 in various malignant tumors, we found that NTS/NTSR1 played essential roles during tumor initiation and development. NTS/NTSR1 regulates tumor initiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and differentiation mainly through three pathways, including IP3/Ca2+ /PKC/MAPKs pathway, MMPs/EGFR/MAPKs (PI3K/Akt) pathway, or Rho-GTPsaes and non-receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. Besides, NTS/NTSR1 is also regulated by some upstream pathways and some traditional Chinese medicine preparations and traditional Chinese medicine therapies. In this article, we summarized the function of NTS/NTSR1 and its mechanisms, and discussed the prospective in its application to clinical diagnosis and drugs targeting.
Animals ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasms ; etiology ; Neurotensin ; chemistry ; physiology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; physiology ; Receptors, Neurotensin ; chemistry ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein ; physiology

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of fetal bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (FBM-MSC) on the development of human Th1 cells. FBM-MSC were isolated, cultured and expanded in vitro. The cells were identified by their phenotype profiles and differential capacity. Human CD4(+) T cells from healthy donors were cultured alone or co-cultured with FBM-MSC (FBM-MSC/CD4). In these two cultures, the quantities of Th1 cells (interferon-γ(+)) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation of FBM-MSC satisfied the generally accepted criteria. FBM-MSC played an inhibitory role in the development of Th1 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of Th1 cells in FBM-MSC/CD4 was significantly lower than that in CD4(+) T cells cultured alone. The protein level of IFN-γ in FBM-MSC/CD4 detected by ELISA was also lower than that in CD4(+) T cells cultured alone. It was also demonstrated that the expression level of IL-6 in FBM-MSC/CD4 was much higher than that in CD4(+) T cells cultured alone or FBM-MSC. The neutralizing antibody of IL-6 could increase the quantities of Th1 cells and the expression levels of IFN-γ. It is concluded that FBM-MSC may play an inhibitory role in the development of human Th1 cells, and the IL-6 pathway may be one of mechanisms involved in the inhibitory role.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Th1 Cells ; cytology

3-8 years old group(group C2) with 50 cases] were detected.A gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue(GnRHa) stimulation test was performed in 140 girls with IPT.The 140 girls were divided into 3 groups:IPT group,CPP group,and peripheral precocious puberty group(PPP group).Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitneg tests were performed on the data between every groups.Results For basal LH levels,there were significant diffe-rences between IPT1 group and group C1,among IPT2 group,CPP group and group C2(Pa0.05).For peak LH/FSH ratios,there was significant difference between IPT2 group and CPP group(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of OTD (observation-teaching-discussion) teaching for undergraduate students major-ing in rehabilitation therapy. Methods Students in Grade 2013 and Grade 2014 for rehabilitation therapy were taught with traditional teaching and OTD teaching in course of physiotherapy. The scores of theory and practice, and total score of the final test of physiotherapy were compared, and their satisfaction for the course was investigated with questionnaire. Results The scores of theory and practice, and total score were all greater in the Grade 2014 than in the Grade 2013 (t>2.73, P<0.01), as well as the satisfaction for the course (t=3.17, P=0.005). Conclusion OTD teaching may improve the achievement of study and satisfaction for the course.

The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory function of interleukin-6(IL-6) on human Th17 cells. Human peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells were purified from healthy donors by anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) conjugated microbeads. The experiment was divided into 2 groups. Test group in which CD4(+) T cells (1 × 10(6)/ml) were stimulated by human recombined IL-6 (20 ng/ml) for 4 days; control group in which CD4(+) T cells did not stimulated by IL-6. The concentrations of IL-17 protein in the supernatants were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantity of Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that as compared to control group, IL-17 protein level in the supernatants of CD4(+) T cells significantly increased in IL-6 stimulated group: (337.05 ± 189.09 pg/ml; vs 15.07 ± 12.70 pg/ml) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the percentage of Th17 cells in cultures of CD4(+) T cells stimulated by IL-6 was significantly higher than that in control group (4.05% ± 0.30% vs. 2.81% ± 0.44%)(p < 0.01). It is concluded that IL-6 promotes the expansion of Th17 cells in vitro.
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; immunology ; Th17 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology

OBJECTIVE: To analyze different fluid-fluid level features between benign and malignant bone tumors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the hospital ethics committee. We retrospectively analyzed 47 patients diagnosed with benign (n = 29) or malignant (n = 18) bone tumors demonstrated by biopsy/surgical resection and who showed the intratumoral fluid-fluid level on pre-surgical MRI. The maximum length of the largest fluid-fluid level and the ratio of the maximum length of the largest fluid-fluid level to the maximum length of a bone tumor in the sagittal plane were investigated for use in distinguishing benign from malignant tumors using the Mann-Whitney U-test and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Fluid-fluid level was categorized by quantity (multiple vs. single fluid-fluid level) and by T1-weighted image signal pattern (high/low, low/high, and undifferentiated), and the findings were compared between the benign and malignant groups using the chi2 test. RESULTS: The ratio of the maximum length of the largest fluid-fluid level to the maximum length of bone tumors in the sagittal plane that allowed statistically significant differentiation between benign and malignant bone tumors had an area under the ROC curve of 0.758 (95% confidence interval, 0.616-0.899). A cutoff value of 41.5% (higher value suggests a benign tumor) had sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 83%. CONCLUSION: The ratio of the maximum length of the largest fluid-fluid level to the maximum length of a bone tumor in the sagittal plane may be useful to differentiate benign from malignant bone tumors.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis/*radiography/surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis/*radiography ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the response in THP-1 treated with Rv3671c protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis).

METHODSThe gene encoding Rv3671c protein of M.tuberculosis was cloned into pET-28a vector and then expressed in Escherichia coli. The Rv3671c was purified with Ni-NTA affinity and ion exchange chromatography. The detection of protein concentration was by Lowry method.THP-1 cell was stimulated with Rv3671c protein and cells were analyzed by Hochest staining under fluorescence microscopy to assay cell death (apoptosis and necrosis). TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by ELISA at each stimulating time.

RESULTSThe Rv3671c protein of M.tuberculosis was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The purity of recombinant Rv3671c protein was 95%, and the protein concentration was up to 0.4 mg/ml. The nucleus of THP-1 was isolated and necrosis-like under fluorescence when cells were stimulated by Rv3671c protein. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in supernatant were 19 000 and 16 500 pg/ml respectively, and were significantly higher than control cells with the levels of 2100 and 3800 pg/ml separately.

CONCLUSIONThe necrosis of THP-1 cells could be stimulated by Rv3671c protein of M.tuberculosis and it was probably associated with high cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β levels.

Bacterial Proteins ; pharmacology ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism