There is immense interest in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFAs) on account of their health-beneficial properties.There has been considerable interest in the production of LC-PUFAs in transgenic plants to provide a cheap,sustainable and clean source of these fatty acids.Several main LC-PUFAs,their roles and metabolic pathway in plant are introducedbriefly,progresses on biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs in transgenic plant are reviewed,and strategies for improving the yields of LC-PUFAs in plant are also discussed.

Many unusual fatty acids present in the seed oils of non-food plants are modified at the ?12 position either by the addition of epoxy or hydroxy groups or by the formation of triple (acetylenic) bonds or conjugated double bonds. The introduction of these functionalities into C18 fatty acids is catalyzed by a family of divergent forms of the fatty-acid ?12-desaturase (FAD2) enzyme. Genes encoding these enzymes have now been cloned from a variety of organisms and expressed in transgenic oilseeds. However,the accumulation of the intended fatty acids in transgenic plants has been relatively disappointing,and the mechanisms of these unusual fatty acids biosynthesis and transferring from phosphatidylcholine into storage triacylglycerols still need to be elucidated.

Objective To investigate the clinical and intellectual characteristics of children with cerebral palsy of ataxia type.Methods Twenty-one children with cerebral palsy of ataxia type were evaluated by the illness history,clinical physical examination,brain MRI scan and intellectual assessment.Results Delayed motor milestones and dysfunction of balance were found in these children,and 80.9% of brain MRI scan was abnormal as cerebellar damage,and delayed intellectual ability found in these children was ameliorated as improvement of motor function.Conclusion Cerebral palsy of ataxia type is mainly caused by cerebellar damage manifests as delayed motor function,dysfunction of balance and mental retardation.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; Hypoxia ; pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; rho-Associated Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

The management of the scientific research files is an important basic work at the college,which is of great significance to the research work in both school and the scientific research organizations.However,some researchers and managers are lack of file consciousness and the management system remains unadapted to the new condition.These reasons result in the use of the dossiers inadequate or even absent.Therefore,it seems necessary and important for the perfection of the scientific research file work to take essential measures:establishing a scientific and reasonable file system,improving the file management regulation,and increasing the utilization ratio of the dossiers.

Objective To investigate acute cell damage and delayed inhibition effects by pulsed electric fields(PEFs)with different frequencies on human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV3 in vitro and in subcutaneous transplanted tumor of human SKOV3 in BALB/c nude mice,and evaluate the potential use of relatively higher frequency PEFs to reduce unpleasant sensations without decreasing therapeutic effects in clinical electrochemotherapy.Methods Firstly,SKOV3 cell suspension were exposed to PEFs with gradient increasing frequencies(1,60,1 000,5 000 Hz)and voltages(50,100,150,200,250,300,350,400 V),respectively.MTT assay was used to determine the acute cell damage.Then PEFs with gradient increasing frequencies(1,60,1 000,5 000 Hz)and fixed voltage (250 V)were applied to the subcutaneously transplanted tumor,in vivo antitumor assay was used to observe the delayed inhibition effect;histological changes were observed by light and electron microscope. Results The 1 Hz PEFs has similar cytotoxic effects with 5 kHz,and no significant difference of delayed tumor inhibition effect on subcutaneous transplanted tumor among all groups exposed to different frequencies of PEFs(P＞0.05).Histological observation showed acute damage in all exposed groups.and only in 5 kHz group was induced apoptotic effect observed.Conclusions PEFs with relatively higher frequency can achieve similar tumor killing effect with the low frequency PEFs,and it can also induce apoptosis.Relatively higher frequency PEFs show therapeutic potentials for reducing unpleasant sensations in clinical electrical treatment of tumor.

Animals ; Drug Tolerance ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Morphine ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Signal Transduction

Humans ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

Child ; Graft Survival ; HLA Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation Chimera ; genetics ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Flos Daturae alkaloids (FDA) on TGF-beta1-1uuuu;U epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells.

METHODSA549 cells in vitro cultured were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the TGF-beta1 group, the low dose FDA group, the medium dose FDA group, and the high dose FDA group. The morphologies of A549 cells were observed. Expressions of cytokeratin (CK)-19 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.

RESULTSA549 cells in the TGF-beta1, group turned from cobblestone to spindle shape gradually. Those in low, medium and high dose FDA groups showed similar shapes to those of the TGF-beta1 group. There was no statistical difference in the morphology of A549 cells among the 3 dose FDA groups (P > 0.05). Western blot showed that, when compared with the blank control group, the expression of CK-19 was down-regulated, but the expression of alpha-SMA was up-regulated in the TGF-beta1 group (P < 0.01). Compared with the TGF-beta1, group, the expression of CK-19 was up-regulated, but the expression of alpha-SMA was suppressed in low, medium and high dose FDA groups (P < 0.01). The CK-19 expression obviously increased, but the alpha-SMA expression was suppressed in high dose FDA group at 72 h (P < 0.01). Real-time PCR results showed, as compared with the TGF-beta1 group, the mRNA expression of CK-19 was increased, but the mRNA expression of alpha-SMA was reduced in low, medium and high dose FDA groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSFDA had no effect on EMT morphological changes of TGF-beta1 induced A549 cells. FDA could reverse characteristic markers of A549 cells during EMT to some extent, such as expressions of CK-19 and alpha-SMA. The expression of CK-19 (as the epithelium marker) increased and the expression of alpha-SMA (as the mesenchymal marker) was reduced. Besides, they were most obviously seen in the high dose FDA group at 72 h in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Actins ; Adenocarcinoma ; Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Datura ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism