Objective To study the prevalence and the distribution of several chronic diseases which affect the life quality and the health of the Shanghai elderly people. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used in the survey of the prevalence rate of several common chronic diseases (self reported) in 12 590 residents ≥60 years of age in 22 urban and 14 rural communities in Shanghai. Results The total prevalence rate of several chronic diseases in the elderly is 60 3%, with male being 59 4% and female being 61 9%. The total prevalence rate in the urban elderly was 66 5%, significantly higher than that of the rural elderly(53 9%). In urban areas, female's prevalence was higher than the males. While in rural area no difference between male and female was observed. In urban areas, the prevalence from high to low stood hypertension(33 6%), cataract(18 3%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)(11 9%), coronary heart disease(9 1%), other heart diseases(7 9%), diabetes mellitus(5 9%). In rural areas, the prevalence from high to low stood hypertension (20 9%), COPD(15 2%), cataract(7 0%), deafness(5 7%), other heart diseases(4 3%), osteoideformed or osteoporosis(4 2%). Conclusions The distribution and the status of the chronic diseases in rural areas are significantly different from that of urban areas. We should carry out different strategies according to different conditions for enhancing the health and life quality of the elderly.

Objective:To assess the effects of Herbst two phase treatment on temporomandibular joint(TMJ) position analyzed by CBCT.Methods:15 patients of permanent dentition with class Ⅱ malocclusion combined with mandibular retrusion were treated by Herbst appliance as the 1st phase,then the 4 1st premolars of each patient were extracted,the fixed appliance of edgewise was applied as the 2nd phase of treatment.CBCT examination was carried out at the following stages:2 weeks before Herbst treatment(T1),at the start of the treatment when Herbst appliance was placed(T2),immediately after Herbst appliance was removed(T3) and immediately after the edgewise appliance was removed(T4).The InvivoDental software was used to calculate the joint space of TMJ from the three -dimensional CBCT images.The acquired data were then statistically analyzed.Results:During T1-T2-T3 stages,the anterior joint space was decreased and then increased,superior joint space and posterior joint space were increased and then decreased.During T3-T4 stages,the superior joint space and posterior joint space decreased further,but anterior joint space did not change.No significant difference was found in the anterior joint space,superior joint space and posterior joint space between T1 and T4 stage.Conclusion:At the start of treatment with Herbst appliance,the condyle is displaced in an anterior and inferior direction.At the end of functional treatment,especially the end of two phase treatment,the condyle is drawed back nearly to the original position.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of functional appliance and multi-bracket appliance on Angle Class II malocclusions coupled with vertical and transversal problems. Methods:Headgear-activator, Herbst appliance and multi-bracket appliance were used to treat 20 patients with Class II malocclusions coupled with vertical and transversal problems aged from 10 to 15 years. The lateral cephalograms were measured with Winceph 8. 0 software and statistical analysis was carried by SPSS 13. 0 software. Results:The sagi-tal, vertical, transversal problems had mainly been resolved at the end of functional appliance treatment. The SNB were increased( P<0. 05), ANB were decreased(P<0. 05), upper posterior teeth were intruded and distally moved(P<0. 05), lower posterior teeth were extruded and mesialy moved(P<0. 05). After multi-bracket appliance treatment, the anterior teeth achieved normal overbite and over-jet. The molar relationship changed from class II to class I. Mandibular plane angle was not clockwise rotated(P>0. 05). The upper and lower dentition were harmony in sagital, vertical and transversal. Conclusion: Functional appliance combined with multi-bracket appliance can be used effectively and conveniently for the treatment of Class II malocclusions coupled with vertical and transversal prob-lems.

The transesterification reaction conditions of lard with methyl acetate with combined use of immobilized lipases as catalysts were conducted. Initially, according to single factorial experiments, the studies on Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435 respectively catalyzed transesterification of lard showed that the optimal parameters of transesterification reaction were: the molar ratio of methyl acetate to oil of 14∶1, 40% enzyme added based on oil weight, temperature 50℃. Combined use of Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435 was proposed further to improve the catalytic performance by the response surface method (RSM). Herein, a 5-level-3-factor central composite rotated design was employed to evaluate the effects of lipase loading, the proportion of the two lipases and amount of methyl acetate. The optimum conditions were as followings: 40% lipase loading based on oil weight, 50%/50% the proportion of lipases (Novozym 435/Lipozyme TL IM), and the molar ratio of methyl acetate to oil of 14∶1. And under the optimal conditions, the highest biodiesel yield of 97.6% could be attained, which was higher than the biodiesel yield with each single one of the two lipases. The results suggested that the technics of combined use of certain immobilized lipases catalyzed transesterification reaction of lard for biodiesel production with methyl acetate as the acyl acceptor could raise the FAME yield and save the production cost.

The management of the scientific research files is an important basic work at the college,which is of great significance to the research work in both school and the scientific research organizations.However,some researchers and managers are lack of file consciousness and the management system remains unadapted to the new condition.These reasons result in the use of the dossiers inadequate or even absent.Therefore,it seems necessary and important for the perfection of the scientific research file work to take essential measures:establishing a scientific and reasonable file system,improving the file management regulation,and increasing the utilization ratio of the dossiers.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis in adult Chinese patients with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA-BR) encephalitis.Methods We reviewed the clinical manifestations,cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations,brain magnetic resonance imaging and prognosis of 12 patients who were diagnosed as anti-GABA-BR encephalitis in Capital Medical University Xuanwu Hospital from March 2013 to December 2015.Results The major clinical features of anti-GABA-BR encephalitis patients included seizures (12/12),cognitive disorder (10/12),psychiatric symptoms (10/12),sleep disorders (3/12),visual hallucination (2/12),involuntary movements (2/12),decreased consciousness (3/12),cerebellar signs (2/12),fever (2/12).GABA-BR-antibody was positive in CSF and serum of all the patients.Electroencephalogram revealed epileptic discharges in 4/12 patients.Brain MRI showed abnormal signal in up to 9/12 patients,located in the hippocampus,temporal lobes,thalamus and periventricular area.PET or SPECT indicated hypometabolism in 5/6 patients.After the average of fourteen months follow-up,9/12 patients had good prognosis,3 patients did not.Of 3 patients with poor outcome,2 had small cell lung cancer.Conclusions The predominant clinical features of the anti-GABA-BR encephalitis are seizures,cognitive disorder and psychiatric symptoms.The lesions are not only located in limbic system.Early diagnosis and immune modulation may provide a good outcome.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of microsurgical technique in the replantation of amputated ear.

METHODS7 cases of amputated ears were analyzed from June 2009 to April 2015 in our department. We used microsurgical technique to anastomose about five vessels and nerves. The blood supply of auricle was restored within three to six hours. All subjects underwent treatments including anti-freezing, anti-spasm and anti-infection treatment after the emergency surgery.

RESULTS7 amputated ears were all survived after replantation. The patients were followed up for one month to six months ( average for 28 months). The appearances of survived ears body were fully recovered without any significant atrophy or pigmentation. The sensory function of ears recovered to normal after 1 year.

CONCLUSIONSThe application of microsurgical technique in the replantation of amputated ear can expect the high success rate of ear replantation. However, skilled and high-quality anastomosis technique of small vascular are required.

Amputation, Traumatic ; surgery ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Ear Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Ear, External ; blood supply ; innervation ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Microsurgery ; methods ; Replantation ; methods

Objective To investigate the distribution of water fluoride and the status of water-improving defluoridation projects,thus to explore the condition of endemic fluorosis in Guangxi Province.Methods According to"The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Contml in 2005",the fuorine content in water Was determined by F-ion selective electrode,children's dental fluorosis was checked by Dean method.and the skeletal fluorosis was checked by the standard of clinical scale of skeletal fluorosis.Results 305 water samples in 61 villages were examined,among which 71 waters were exceeded the standard,accounting for 23.28%(71/305).The projects of defluoriding drinking water were running well except one was discarded.The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 13.55%(356/2627),the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis was 4.02%(65/1615).Conclusions The situation of endemic fluorosis control is not optimistic in Guangxi,which needs fuaher prevention and controls.

AIM:To discuss Daidzein intravitreal injection whether has protective and recovery effects on acute nerve damages.
METHODS:After the crush models of acute optic nerve were set up, 72 males SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly as common group without surgery, FBS negative control group, Daidzein treatment group ( 10μmol/L, 100μmol/L, 1000μmol/L ) and positive control group using rats nerve growth factor ( mNGF, 100ng/mL ). Three days after interference, all experimental animals were executed. HE staining was used to evaluate morphologic change of the retina, immunohisochemical staining and western-blot tests for identifying and quantifying the distinct expression of Caspase-3 and GAP-43 among the groups.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal group and negative control group, retinal morphology of different concentrations of each Daidzein treatment group and positive control group was more complete, the expression of Caspase-3 protein was relatively lower, the expression of GAP-43 protein was relatively higher, the differences have statistically significance (P<0. 05).CONCLUSION: Daizein injection in the vitreous cavity has the capacity of protection and restoration in rat's acute nerve damages.

Through morphological observation, HE staining, TRAP staining and toluidine blue staining of bone resorption pits to identify osteoclasts which obtained by 1α, 25-(OH)2 VitD3 inducing rabbit bone marrow cells. Three indicators-TRAP staining, TRAP enzyme activity detecting and the number and area of bone resorption pits were adapted to detect the effect of Sargentodoxae caulis on the activity of osteoclasts. Culturing MC3T3-E1 Subclong 14 cells and detecting the effect of S. caulis on differentiation and proliferation of them by MTT and detecting the alkaline phosphatase in cells. The results show that all of the low, middle and high doses of water and alcohol extracts of S. caulis have significant inhibition on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption ability in a dose-dependent manner. The low and middle doses of water and alcohol extracts of S. caulis can stimulate differentiation and proliferation of MC3T3-ElSubclone 14 cells, which indicates S. caulis can prevent osteoporosis and the function could be achieved by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.
Animals ; Bone Resorption ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rabbits