Objective To evaluate the relationship between 1H-MRS features of brain glioma and its pathological grade and invasiveness, and the correlation between those features and the expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and uPA.Methods The brain gliomas in 55 patients confirmed by pathology were divided into two groups: high grade and low one.An analysis of intragroup and intergroup differences in some metabolite ratios of 1H-MRS in the tumor parenchyma was conducted.The expression of MMP-9,VEGF and uPA in brain glioma was detected,and the correlation between the above three parameters and changes in metabolite ratios of 1H-MRS were explored.Results There was significant difference and correlation in Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratio in the tumor parenchyma between high and low grade(P<0.01).The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in tumor was significantly different(P<0.01) but with significant correlation(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference and correlation in NAA/Cr ratio and uPA expression(P>0.05).Conclusion VEGF and MMP-9 play an important role in the development of brain glioma.Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios provide an important reference for preoperative grading of brain gliomas and indirectly reflect the expression of VEGF and MMP-9.

Objective To compare the effect of difierent combinatio of mannitol, furesemide and albumin in reducing intracranial pressure in 451 patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods A total of 451 patients with an admissiou Glasgow Coma Scale of or less from 5 medical centers were randomly divided into 5 groups, ie, Group A(250 ml 20% mannitol each time as control), Group B(125 ml 20% mannitol each time), Group C(alternate use of 250 ml 20% mannitol each time or 40 mg furosemide), Group D(alternate use of 125 ml 20% mannitol each time and 20 mg furosemide)and Group E(alternate use of 125 ml 20% mannitol and moderate or large dose of albumin). We monitored intracraniai pressure continuously and observed the changes of intracranial pressure, electrolytes, hemato-crit and renal function after use of 5 combinations of mannitol. Furosemide and albumin. Results Man-nitol and furosemide could independently reduce intracranial pressure after 1-3 hours (P<0. 05). Semis mannitol plus furosemide or albumin could more signifieantly reduce intracranial pressure, with statistical difference compared with full dose of mannitol. Semis mannitol and alternate use of mannitol and furose-mide in aspect of intracranial pressure reduction and persistence time(P<0. 05). Alternate use of man-nitol and furosemide begot higher incidence rate of electrolyte abnormality, compared with the other com-binations (P<0. 05). Rebound rate of intracranial pressure was higher in full dose of mannitol than other combinations (P<0. 05). Incidence of renal function abnormality was higher in combination involved al-bumin than alternative use of mannitol and furosemide as well as combination of semis mannitol and furo-semide (P<0. 05). Abnormality of electrolyte and renal function wag reversible. Conclusion The use of 125 ml 20% mannitol each time plus 20 mg furesemide is more reasonable than other combina-tions. Meanwhile, semis mannitol combined with moderate or large dose of albumin has certain advantages too.

Liquid-phase microextraction is a novel pretreatment technique for biological samples developed on the basis of liquid-phase extraction technology, which is simple, rapid, economical, and environmentally friendly, and has been widely used in the analysis of biological matrix samples such as blood, urine, and saliva. In this paper, we review the basic principles of the main modes of liquid-phase microextraction techniques, i.e., single-drop microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction, and the progress of their applications in biological sample pretreatment by reviewing the literature in the past five years, with a view to providing technical support and reference for sample pretreatment in the fields of in vivo drug analysis, pharmacokinetic studies and new drug development.

Objective To investigate the role of ?7nAChR in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD)through exploring the relationship between ?7nAChR and A?_(1-42) in AD brains.Methods The accumulation of ?7nAChR and the possible relationship between ?7nAChR and A?_(1-42) were observed in 3 clinically and pathologically confirmed AD brains by immunohistochemistry. 3 normal brains were set as controls.Results Respective staining of anti-?7nAChR and anti-A?_(1-42) showed that the abnormal accumulation of ?7nAChR existed in AD brains. The main location was at hippocampus and temporal cortex which was just in accordance with senile plaque consisted mainly of A?_(1-42). The major part of ?7nAChR was located extra-cellular and within senile plaque from the view of morphology. No accumulation of ?7nAChR existed in normal brains. Co-staining of anti-?7nAChR and anti-A?_(1-42) further showed that ?7nAChR and A?_(1-42) could accumulate together in senile plaque of AD brain. The average rate of positive co-staining in hippocampus, temporal lobe and frontal lobe is 57.8%, 51.0% and 21.8% respectively. The accumulation of ?7nAChR in hippocampus and temporal lobe seems much than that in the frontal lobe. Conclusion ?7nAChR may combine with A?_(1-42) in AD brains. It is suggested that the combination should destroy the ?7nAChR receptor, block the receptor or mediate the injury of cholinergic neurons with the result of recognition and memory impairment and that ?7nAChR might play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in neonates with asphyxia and explore the role of NSE in the evaluation of hearing impairment following asphyxia.

METHODSFifty-two term neonates with asphyxia, including 38 cases of simple asphyxia (mild: 23 cases; severe: 15 cases) and 14 cases of asphyxia complicated by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), were enrolled. In the double-blind trial, BAEP and NSE were simultaneously detected 7 days after birth. The patients who did not pass BAEP test received another BAEP and NSE examinations 3 months after birth. Thirty healthy term neonates served as normal control group.

RESULTSOf the 52 neonates with asphyxia, 50.0% and 21.2% of patients failed the initial and the second BAEP tests, respectively. The detection rates of BAEP anomalies in the simple severe asphyxia group in the initial and the second tests (63.3% and 26.3%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the simple mild asphyxia group (36.9% and 5.9%, respectively)(P<0.05). The neonates with asphyxia complicated by HIE showed a higher detection rate of BAEP anomalies in the second test compared with the asphyxiated neonates without HIE (31.3% vs 16.7%; P<0.05). Mean serum NSE levels in asphyxiated neonates were significantly higher than those in normal controls (<0.01). There were significant differences in serum NSE levels between the neonates with mild and severe asphyxia (26.70+/-2.34 microg/L vs 17.18+/-3.16 microg/L; P<0.01). The asphyxiated neonates with HIE had serum NSE levels similar to the simple severely asphyxiated neonates. Serum NSE levels in patients who failed the initial BAEP test were significantly higher than those who passed the test (25.69+/-4.12 microg/L vs 17.15+/-3.09 microg/L; <0.01). Serum NSE levels had a positive correlation with wave V reaction threshold detected in the BAFP test (<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe serum level of NSE is closely correlated with BAEP, and it may be useful to the evaluation of the hearing impairment and the outcome in neonates with asphyxia.

Asphyxia Neonatorum ; blood ; complications ; physiopathology ; Double-Blind Method ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing Disorders ; etiology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; etiology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Tiaozhi Jiangtang Tablet (TZJT) on patients suffering from diabetes mellitus with blood stasis syndrome.

METHODSSixty patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups, the TZJT group (n = 30) treated with TZJT tablet and asprin, the control group (n = 30) treated with asprin alone.

RESULTSThe improvement of symptoms was more significant in the TZJT group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Levels of serum endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO) content and blood viscosity were decreased in both groups after treatment, and the effect of TZJT plus asprin was superior to that of asprin alone.

CONCLUSIONTZJT combined with asprin is effective in improving the serum content of ET and NO and reducing blood viscosity.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Artery Disease ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Intellectual disability is defined as a group of diseases with generally mental function significantly lower than the same age level, accompanied by adaptive behavior defectiveness in a developmental stage. Hyperactivity is a common symptom of intellectual disability in children. In addition to clinical rehabilitation training, TCM treatment for this disease also achieved better efficacy. This article expounded tonifying essence and blood, promoting coronary circulation and nourishing the brain, and tranquilizing through the thoughts of classification treatment of viscera classification syndromes, the treatment of meridians, and separate treatment for san jiao, and combination of acupuncture and TCM, which have achieved satisfactory efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of aqueous extracts of Polygonum multiflorum (AEPM) on bile acid synthesis, metabolism and transfer-related molecules in rat liver and the hepatotoxicity-related mechanism of P. multiflorum.

METHODSprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with 30, 60 g x kg(-1) APEM once everyday for consecutively 28 days. At the end of the experiment, mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic MRP3, MRP2, BSEP, FXR and CYP7A1 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot

RESULTCompared with the normal group, the AEPM high dose group showed significant increases in mRNA expressions of hepatic MRP3 and BSEP of male rats (P < 0.05); AEPM high and low dose groups revealed a notable decrease in mRNA expressions of hepatic FXR (P < 0.05) and remarkable rises in mRNA expressions of hepatic MRP3, MRP2, BSEP, CYP7A1 among female rats (P < 0.05). According to the test results of western blot assay, AEPM high and low dose groups showed consistent changes in protein and mRNA expressions hepatic MRP3, MRP2, BSEP, FXR, CYP7A1.

CONCLUSIONThe 28 oral administration with AEPM in rats showed a certain effect on expressions of bile acid synthesis, metabolism and transfer-related proteins, as well as cholestatic or choleretic effects in the mRNA expression.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts ; metabolism ; Cholestasis ; chemically induced ; Fallopia multiflora ; Female ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adult ; Clavicle ; injuries ; surgery ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of different frequencies on the expression levels of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the colon of rats with slow transit constipation (STC).Methods:One hundred healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,a low-frequency EA group,a high-frequency EA group and a variable-frequency EA group,with 20 rats in each group.The rats in the normal group were fed with normal diet.The rats in the other groups were fed with phenethylpiperidine in the diet at a dose of 8 mg/(kg·bw) per day,for 120 d,to establish the STC model.Rats in the normal group and the model group did not receive any treatment;rats in the low-frequency EA group were treated with 2 Hz continuous wave EA,rats in the high-frequency EA group were treated with 100 Hz continuous wave EA,and rats in the variable-frequency EA group were treated with 2 Hz/100 Hz sparse-dense EA.The current intensity of the EA was determined by the slight vibration of the rat limbs without painful screaming.The intervention was performed once a day,15 min/time for continuous 15 d.After treatment,the intestinal transit function and the expression levels of SP and VIP in the colon of the rats in each group were determined.Results:After treatment,the defecation duration of the first dark stool in the model group was significantly longer than that in the normal group (P＜0.05);the defecation durations of the first dark stool in the low-frequency EA group,high-frequency EA group and variable-frequency EA group were significantly shorter than the duration in the model group (all P＜0.05);compared with the low-frequency EA group,the first dark stool defecation duration of rats in the variable-frequency EA group was significantly shorter (P＜0.05);compared with the normal group,the SP and VIP expression levels in the colon of the model group were significantly decreased (both P＜0.01);the SP and VIP expression levels in the colon of the low-frequency EA group,the high-frequency EA group and the variable-frequency EA group were significantly higher than those in the model group (all P＜0.05);compared with the high-frequency EA group,the SP expression levels in the colon in the low-frequency EA group and the variable-frequency EA group were significantly increased (both P＜0.05);compared with the low-frequency EA group,the VIP expression levels in the colon in the high-frequency EA group and the variable-frequency EA group were significantly increased (both P＜0.05).Conclusion:EA improves the intestinal function of STC model rats by regulating the expression levels of SP and VIP in rat colon.The EA stimulation with 100 Hz continuous wave,2 Hz/100 Hz sparse-dense wave shows a better improvement in the colonic transit function in STC rats,followed by 2 Hz continuous wave.