Abstract: Objective　To explore the spatial epidemiological characteristics of severe cases hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Guangxi, China, from 2014 to 2018, and to provide a basis for identifying the high-risk regions as well as the prevention and control of severe cases of HFMD in Guangxi. Methods　Spatial-temporal scanning analysis, global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to analyze the spatial clustering of HFMD. The trend surface analysis was used to evaluate the spatial distribution trend of HFMD. Results　From 2014 to 2018, the incidence and severe case fatality rates of HFMD were 3.89/100 000 and 4.23%, respectively. Monte Carlo scanning analysis showed that the first cluster region was Cenxi City, the second cluster was mainly concentrated in northwest of Guangxi, and the aggregation time was mainly concentrated in April to May and August to October. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the severe HFMD was significant clustering distribution, and the Moran's I coefficients of the sever cases, severe morbidity and severe case fatality rate were 0.088, 0.118, 0.197, respectively (P<0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that hotspots of severe HFMD cases were concentrated in the southern Guangxi, mainly in Lingshan County. Anselin local Moran's I clustering and outlier analysis indicated that 5 high-high (H-H) clustering regions for fatality were Lingshan, Pubei, Zhongshan, Zhaoping and Pinggui County. There were 6 high-high (H-H) clustering regions for severe incidence rate, namely Lingshan, Qinnan, Lingyun, Youjiang, Bama Yao Autonomous and Pinggui County, and 1 high-low (H-L) clustering region, Cenxi County. The trend surface analysis showed that the overall number of severe cases of death decreased from east or west to the middle, and increased from north to middle, and then decreased to south. Conclusions　Severe HFMD cases in Guangxi have obvious spatial-temporal clustering, and the hop spots are mainly concentrated in southern Guangxi. The prevention and control of HFMD in areas with high incidence of severe cases should be strengthened to reduce the burden of HFMD cases.

OBJECTIVETo identify and determine the congener and level of microcystins in the source water of Taihu Lake.

METHODSImproved method of SPE combined with HPLC was employed to detect the concentration and varieties of microcystins in source water and bloom samples collected from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake.

RESULTSThe contents of two predominant microcystin components, MC-RR, and MC-LR, were relatively high in samples during warm months and correlated with the phase of algae growth. The maximum concentrations of MC-RR and MC-LR in water sample reached 3.09 +/- 0.53 microg/L and 2.39 +/- 0.41 microg/L during the period of water bloom in September 2004, respectively. Even without waterbloom, the concentration of MC-LR in source water sample was still higher than the guideline value.

CONCLUSIONThe status of microcystin pollution in this region is serious and measures to monitor and control the growth of cyanobacteria are urgently needed.

Animals ; Bacterial Toxins ; analysis ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyanobacteria ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fresh Water ; analysis ; chemistry ; Microcystins ; analysis ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Time Factors ; Water Microbiology ; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; surgery ; China ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

This study aims to clarify out the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan. Chemical constituents of Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan identified by UPLC Q-TOF, were submit to Molinspiration, PharmMapper and KEGG bioinformatics softwares for predicting their absorption parameters, target proteins and related pathways respectively; and the gene chip and real time-PCR were carried out to investigate the expression of inflammatory genes on lung tissue of guinea pigs or human bronchial epithelial cell lines. The predicted results showed that 19 of the 24 absorbable constituents affected at 9 inflammation-related pathways through 11 protein targets; Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan treatment can significantly reduce the infiltration of cytokines through ERK1 gene and 5 inflammatory pathways (Focal adhesion, Fc epsilon RI, Toll-like receptors, NK cell-mediated cytotoxic, and ERK/MAPK). The results of real time-PCR further confirmed that the anti-inflammatory effects of Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan were due to active ingredients such as arctigenin, cholic acid and sinapic acid intervened focal adhesion, Fc epsilon RI signaling and ERK/MAPK pathways. The novel approach of 'drug-target-pathway' will present an effective strategy for the study of traditional Chinese medicines.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Asthma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line ; Cholic Acid ; pharmacology ; Coumaric Acids ; pharmacology ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Female ; Furans ; pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; Lignans ; pharmacology ; Lung ; pathology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Receptors, IgE ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological features and outcomes between node-negative, early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) after hysterectomy. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages I–IIA cervical SCC and AC between 1988 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We used propensity score-matching to balance patient baseline characteristics. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for prognostic analyses of cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A total of 9,858 patients were identified, comprising 6,117 patients (62.1%) and 3,741 (37.9%) patients with cervical SCC and AC, respectively. Compared with cervical SCC, cervical AC cases were more likely to be younger, diagnosed after 2000, white, and have well-differentiated and FIGO stage IB1 disease. For SCC and AC, the 10-year CSS rates were 93.4% and 94.7%, respectively (p=0.011), and the 10-year OS rates were 89.6% and 92.2%, respectively (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, ethnicity, tumor grade, and FIGO stage were independent prognostic factors of CSS and OS, but that histologic subtype was not associated with CSS and OS. In the propensity score-matched patient population, univariate and multivariate analyses also showed that histologic subtype was not associated with survival outcomes. CONCLUSION: Cervical AC has equivalent survival to cervical SCC in node-negative, early-stage disease after hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Epidemiology ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Lymph Node Excision ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obstetrics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo explore causes of gluteal muscle contracture induced anterior knee pain and curative effect of arthroscopic release.

METHODSFrom March 2002 to August 2013,36 patients with gluteal muscle contracture induced anterior knee pain were treated, including 15 males, 21 females, aged from 9 to 40 years old with an average (18.7±7.2) years old; the courses of diseases ranged from 4 to 30 years. The clinical manifestations involved limited to symmelia, positive Ober sign, buttocks touch contracture belts, knee and patella slide to lateral when doing squat activities. All patients were performed gluteal muscle contracture release under arthroscopic. Postoperative complications were observed, Kujala scoring before and after operation was used for compare curative effect.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with an average of 29 months. The incision were healed well, and no complications were occurred. Postoperative Kujala score were improved more than preoperative.

CONCLUSIONGluteal muscle contracture release could alleviate hypertension of lateral patella, and palys an important role in preventing patellofemoral arthritis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Buttocks ; Child ; Contracture ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Pain ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcome of arthroscopic repair method of meniscus injury with Fast-fix under local anesthesia.

METHODSFrom October 2005 to September 2012,106 patients with meniscus injuries admitted into our - hospital were studied, including 74 males and 32 females, ranging in age from 13 to 71 years old, averaged 27.6 years old. The duration of the disease ranged from 15 days to 5 years. The main clinical manifestations included knee joint pain after exercise, joint locking, pressing pain of knee joint and positive McMurray signs. The MRI showed meniscus tear or degeneration. Arthroscopic repairing surgeries were performed with Fast-fix under local anesthesia. Each patient was assessed with VAS pain evaluation and Lysholm knee-joint score system before and after operation. All the patients were followed up more than 1 year.

RESULTSOne hundred and 2 patients were followed up by recording subjective symptoms, clinical examinations and questions naires for an average of 2.6 years (ranged, 1.1 to 8 years), and 4 patients lost follow-up. All the 102 patients had no anesthetic complications. Ninety-six patients had normal subjective symptom and clinical examinations. Four patients had a mild ache with activities,2 patients had moderate pain after activities with joint space pressing pain. VAS pain evaluation and Lysholm knee-joint score after operation both were much better than that before operation.

CONCLUSIONonclusion: Local anesthesia can provide nice circumstances for surgeries. Arthroscopic repair using Fast-fix is an idea method for meniscus injury, especially for the posterior horn tear of medial meniscus, which is simple and convenient with less complications, and satisfactory results.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, Local ; methods ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries ; Visual Analog Scale ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship of beta-catenin and sensitivity to Bortezomib of myeloma cell lines.

METHODSMyeloma cell lines RPMI8226, CZ-1 and NCI-H929 were treated with Bortezomib and 2ME2, alone or in combination. Typan blue dye exclusion and modified MTT were used to assess the cell viability with or without treatment. Annexin V-FITC and PI staining was performed to detect apoptosis rate. RT-PCR was used to detect beta-catenin mRNA and western blot to analyze beta-catenin protein.

RESULTSThe basic expression level of beta-catenin was different in tested myeloma cell lines: RPMI8226 was the most while NCI-H929 the least and CZ-1 the intermediate. IC50 of RPMI8226, CZ-1 and NCI-H929 were (49.8 +/- 0.6), (24.7 +/- 0.4) and (8.4 +/- 0.2) nmol/L, respectively. After the treatment of Bortezomib (at 0, 1, 5, 10 nmol/L), beta-catenin level of tested cell lines accumulated in a time and dose dependent manner for western blot, while no significant change was observed in the result of RT-PCR. The beta-catenin protein levels in the Bortezomib (5 nmol/L) and 2ME2 (1 micromol/L) treated cell group were much lower than that in Bortezomib (5 nmol/L) group, the decrease of the gray scale of beta-catenin/beta-actin was 64.03% for RPMI8226, 52.56% for CZ-1, 51.48% for NCI-H929, and the apoptosis rates were 8.00, 1.86 and 1.19 times increase compared to untreated group.

CONCLUSIONMyeloma cell lines with higher beta-catenin level are less sensitive to Bortezomib, and combination treatment of low dose 2ME2 and Bortezomib can reduce beta-catenin accumulation and enhance the sensitivity to Bortezomib.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Boronic Acids ; pharmacology ; Bortezomib ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of serum cystatin C (Cys-C), urinary Cys-C, urinary retinol binding protein (RBP) and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the early assessment of multiple myeloma (MM) and their characteristic changes in different pathological types of renal impairment.

METHODSAccording to glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the patients were divided into two groups, of which marked group A with normal renal function, the other marked group B with abnormal renal function. Sixty healthy subjects were chosen as control. Detection of the serum Cys-C, urinary RBP, urinary Cys-C, urinary NGAL, serum creatinine (Scr), urinary microalbumin (MAU) and urinary α1-microglobulin (α1-MG) were performed. Renal biopsy was carried out for patients who had abnormal serum Cys-C, urinary Cys-C, urinary RBP, urinary NGAL and were willing to accept further test.

RESULTSCompared with healthy controls, the serum Cys-C, urinary RBP, urinary Cys-C, urinary NGAL of group A were significantly higher than that of healthy controls. Six group A patients received renal biopsy, and varying degrees of renal damage were discovered. The serum Cys-C, urinary RBP, urinary Cys-C and urinary NGAL positive rate were 66.7%, 66.7%, 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Of twenty-four cases received biopsy after abnormal examination results were shown, six turned out to be amyloidosis, twelve cast nephropathy (CN) and 6 monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD). Compared with MIDD and amyloidosis, the urinary Cys-C and NGAL of the CN group are significantly higher (P < 0.05). Compared with CN and amyloidosis, urinary RBP of MIDD is significantly higher (P = 0.043). Compared with MIDD and CN, the MAU of amyloidosis is significantly higher (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONCompared with the conventional indicators, serum Cys-C, urinary Cys-C, RBP and NGAL are more sensitive in early assessment of MM patients with renal damage. The MAU is higher in amyloid, the urinary Cys-C and urinary NGAL are significantly elevated in CN, the urinary RBP is significantly elevated in MIDD.

Acute-Phase Proteins ; urine ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cystatin C ; blood ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; blood ; diagnosis ; urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; Lipocalin-2 ; Lipocalins ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; pathology ; urine ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; urine ; Retinol-Binding Proteins ; urine

OBJECTIVETo explore the effectiveness of hamstring tendon graft embedding reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament for the treatment of recurrent dislocation of the patella.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to June 2013,67 patients with recurrent dislocation of patella were treated, including 28 males, 39 females with an average age of 22 years ranging from 10 to 42 years old. The clinical manifestations involved knee joint instability,"giving way", sense of patellar dislocation, anterior knee pain. All 67 patients underwent arthroscopic hamstring tendon graft embedding reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. The curative effect were evaluated by preoperative and postoperative Lysholm score and Q angle changes.

RESULTSAll cases were followed up after operation and the mean follow-up time was(27.5±13.4) months(4 to 69 months). Postoperative incision were healed well and no patellar dislocation or subluxation occurred. Lysholm score improved from preoperative 76.35±2.86 to 82.71±2.29 postoperatively; Q angle decreased from preoperative (18.75±2.33)° to postoperative(13.28±1.75)°.

CONCLUSIONThe method for the reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament can provide enough tension, patellar stability.imoroving the function of knee ioint.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patellar Dislocation ; surgery ; Patellar Ligament ; surgery ; Patellofemoral Joint ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Recurrence ; Tendons ; transplantation