OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical efficacies of humeral head prosthesis and internal fixation in the treatment of comminuted proximal humeral fractures.

METHODSThe clinical data were analyzed for the patients with comminuted proximal humeral fractures undergoing surgeries for humeral head replacement or open reduction plus internal fixation in our hospital between January 2002 and January 2009. Constant scores were used to determine the excellent clinical outcome rates in the two groups, and the operating time, blood loss and postoperative motor scores of the shoulder were compared.

RESULTSForty patients in the humeral head replacement group were evaluated. According to the Constant scores, excellent outcomes were achieved in 16 patients, good outcomes in 18 patients, moderate in 3 patients, and poor in 3 patients, with an excellent outcome rate of 85%. In the 40 cases receiving open reduction plus internal fixation, excellent outcomes were achieved in 11 cases, good in 13 cases, moderate in 8 cases, and poor in 8 cases, with an excellent clinical outcome rate of 60%. Compared with open reduction plus internal fixation, humeral head replacement was associated with shortened operating time, reduced blood loss and better motor function recovery of the shoulder.

CONCLUSIONSReplacement of humeral head prosthesis produces better clinical outcomes than open reduction and internal fixation in patients with comminuted proximal humeral fractures, and can promote the short-term functional recovery of the shoulder with minimal surgical complications.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; physiology ; Fractures, Comminuted ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Humerus ; surgery ; Joint Prosthesis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Shoulder Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo construct cyclin D2 (CCND2) short hairpin RNA ( shRNA) plasmid for repressing the expression of CCND2 in human myeloma cell line LP-1,and to detect its effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of LP-1 cell.

METHODSA CCND2 shRNA model was constructed and cloned into plasmid pGensil-2, then the plasmid was transfected into LP-1 cell in vitro. The CCND2 expression cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis of the transfected LP-1 cells were studied by RT-PCR, trypanosome staining, flow cytometry and annexin V assay.

RESULTSThe transfection efficiency of LP-1 cell was 34. 2%. In the transfected LP-1 cell CCND2 mRNA expression was reduced significantly, the cell growth was inhibited significantly and the cell cycle was partly arrested in G, phase. The apoptosis rate of the transfected LP-1 cell after 72 h was (25.7+/-4.8)%.

CONCLUSIONThe inhibition of CCND2 in LP-1 cells could inhibit the cell growth and induce cell apoptosis. CCND2 maybe a new therapeutic target.

Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D2 ; Cyclins ; genetics ; Humans ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured