Objective: To study the quality and transdermal properties of matrine microemulsion-based hydrogel (MBH) to provide basis for the development of the preparation.Methods: The stability of MBH was observed at 4 ℃ for 3 months and the changes of particle appearance, viscosity, pH and matrine content were observed.The transdermal permeation of MBH was investigated by a dual chamber permeation and diffusion device with excised mouse skin as the barrier.Taking rabbits as the experimental subjects, the irritation of MBH to the normal skin and damaged skin was investigated.Results: The appearance, viscosity, pH and matrine content of MBH at 4 ℃ in 3 months did not change significantly.In vitro transdermal test showed that MBH had a good penetration rate on mouse skin, and no skin irritation occurred after single or multiple administrations.Conclusion: MBH has good stability and high rate of transdermal penetration without skin irritation, which is a promising drug delivery system of matrine with good application prospects.

Objective To observe effect of lidocaine pretreatment to malondialdehyde(MDA) and endothelin(ET) of patient ac-cepeted brain tumor removing and discuss the optimized pretreatment time .Methods 60 brain tumor patients in the hospital from March 2009 to September 2011 .according to the different pretreatment time ,the patients were randomly divided into five groups :group A(preoperative 48 h) ,group B(preoperative 24 h) ,group C(preoperative 12 h) ,group D(0 h or anesthesia induced) ,group E (control group) and group F(blank control group) ,10 cases in each group .Group A ,B ,C ,D with 1% lidocaine 1 .5 mg/kg intrave-nous pretreatment on schedule ,then induced conventional anesthesia ;group E were supplemented with 1% lidocaine 2 .5 mg · kg -1 · h-1 intravenous injection after anesthesia induction ;group F was performed routine program without lidocaine .The spontaneous breathing time ,awake time and tracheal extubation time was recorded ,while NIHSS score for evaluation of neural function defect was applied ,and peripheral serum level of MDA and ET was detected by colorimetric technique and radio-immunity .Results In group C ,the spontaneous breathing time ,awake time and tracheal extubation time were shorter than other groups ,but the difference had no statistically significant(P>0 .05) .There was no significant difference among each group in the aspect of NIHSS score 1 day before surgery(P>0 .05) ,after 14 days of operation ,NIHSS of group C was statistically lower than that of group E and group F (P<0 .05) .Before anesthesia induction ,there was no significant difference among groups (P> 0 .05) .MDA and ET content in group C was significantly lower than those in other groups after surgery (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Lidocaine given 12 h before cere-bral ischemia has varying degree protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury .The protection has relation with the de-crease of MDA and ET content .

Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Diaphragm ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Echinococcosis, Hepatic ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Liver ; parasitology ; pathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo analysis the changes of two chemical constituents, namely 2, 3-dihydro-3, 5- dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) and 5-hydryoxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF) produced in Radix Polygoni Multiflori after processing, with processing time, and to determine the contents of 5-HMF in samples of Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Radix Polygoni Multiflori preparata.

METHODAn HPLC method was applied with a Zobax SB-C18 (3.9 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) column by a elution using methanol-water (10: 90) as the mobile phase. The detection was set at UV 280 nm.

RESULTThe contents of DDMP were increasing with the processing time until 24 hour, followed by a decrease until 60 hour process. The contents of 5-HMF were increasing gradually throughout the 60 hour steaming process. The contents of 5-HMF in 11 samples of Radix Polygoni Multiflori preparata were from 0.013% to 0.101%, and only one in 4 samples of Radix Polygoni Multiflori containing trace amount of 5-HMF.

CONCLUSIONThe chemical components in Radix Polygoni Multiflori were changed during the processing procedures. Therefore, the processing of Radix Polygoni Multiflori should be controlled and standardized.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Polygonaceae ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

BACKGROUNDThe auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) have been used to treat deafness for patients with neurofibromatosis Type 2 and nontumor patients. The lack of an appropriate animal model has limited the study of improving hearing rehabilitation by the device. This study aimed to establish an animal model of ABI in adult rhesus macaque monkey (Macaca mulatta).

METHODSSix adult rhesus macaque monkeys (M. mulatta) were included. Under general anesthesia, a multichannel ABI was implanted into the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle through the modified suboccipital-retrosigmoid (RS) approach. The electrical auditory brainstem response (EABR) waves were tested to ensure the optimal implant site. After the operation, the EABR and computed tomography (CT) were used to test and verify the effectiveness via electrophysiology and anatomy, respectively. The subjects underwent behavioral observation for 6 months, and the postoperative EABR was tested every two weeks from the 1 st month after implant surgery.

RESULTThe implant surgery lasted an average of 5.2 h, and no monkey died or sacrificed. The averaged latencies of peaks I, II and IV were 1.27, 2.34 and 3.98 ms, respectively in the ABR. One-peak EABR wave was elicited in the operation, and one- or two-peak waves were elicited during the postoperative period. The EABR wave latencies appeared to be constant under different stimulus intensities; however, the amplitudes increased as the stimulus increased within a certain scope.

CONCLUSIONSIt is feasible and safe to implant ABIs in rhesus macaque monkeys (M. mulatta) through a modified suboccipital RS approach, and EABR and CT are valid tools for animal model establishment. In addition, this model should be an appropriate animal model for the electrophysiological and behavioral study of rhesus macaque monkey with ABI.

Animals ; Auditory Brain Stem Implants ; Deafness ; surgery ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; physiology ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male

OBJECTIVEWith the objective of discovering novel putative chromosomal regions and special genes involved in the carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC).

METHODSDNA copy profile of LSCC were obtained and analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and a computerized digital image analysis system. cDNA microarray of LSCC was performed and the profile was analyzed by Hierarchical clustering.

RESULTSCGH analysis showed average-12.9 gains and losses of chromosomes in LSCC. Relatively high frequencies of gains were found at 3q15-21 (14/18), 5p12-13 (11/18), 8q22-24 (6/18), 11q12-13 (8/18), 15q21-23 (7/18) and 18p11 (8/18), while those of losses at 1p13-21 (8/18), 3p21-23 (14/18), 5q21-22 (14/18), 9p12-pter (11/18) and 13q21-31 (8/18). Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were segregated into three groups. Three genes differentially expressed in process I (normal tissue to cancer) and process II (cancer to lymph node metastasis), and the Cy5/Cy3 ratios of twelve genes were either higher than 5.0 or lower than 0.2 in process I or process II. The fifteen special genes were first reported possibly to be the relationships with LSCC. In particular, 4 genes of them, which were cytochrome C oxidase Va, PPBP, EPHX2 and PON1, were first reported to correlate with tumorigenesis. SH3GL2, which was one of the 15 special genes, was located at one of the special chromosome regions, 9p12-pter.

CONCLUSIONThe important genes and special chromosomal aberrances might provide us a clue for further investigation of carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis in LSCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Anesthesia ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal

OBJECTIVETo explore the characters of the cervical lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and to provide evidence for proper surgery of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

METHODSFrom 1984 to 2000, 99 cases with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were performed thyroidectomy and neck dissection. The patients were followed up. A retrospective analysis was performed. Results In 99 cases with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, there were 61 papillary carcinoma, 13 papillary and follicular mixed carcinoma, 25 follicular carcinoma. According to 2002 UICC TNM classification, 60 cases were staged I, 1 case staged II, 5 cases staged III, 33 cases staged IV. Lobectomy and isthmectomy was performed in 80 cases, lobectomy was resected and opposite subtotal lobectomy in 15 cases, total thyroidectomy in 4 cases. One hundred and four neck dissection were performed in 99 cases (5 cases were bilateral neck dissection ). Among them, 66 (68 sides) were radical neck dissection, 33 (36 sides) were modified neck dissection. Pathological results showed that lymph nodes were positive in 86 sides of 83 cases. The rate of cervical lymph node metastasis was 83.8% (83/99). The positive rates of lymph node were 37.5% (39/104) in level VI and 76.9% (80/104) in II-V, which was statistically different (chi2 = 33.01, P < 0.01). The cervical lymph node metastasis in lateral area (level II-V) and that in VI had not relationship (chi2 = 2.08, P > 0.05). Ten and 15 year survival rates of all 99 cases were 88.3% and 84.5% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe occurrence of lymph node metastasis in level VI and level II was different and no relationship .One can not judge whether lateral neck metastasis by the lymph node statue in level VI only . Although they all had good prognosis, patients with positive nodes in level VI were not worse than that in lateral neck (II-V).

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; Young Adult

AIM To identify the active anti-chronic nephrotic substance of Rostellularia procunbens (L.) Nees,and to study its mechanism.METHODS Rat glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-1) were developed into nephrotic cell models by LPS.The activities of extract of petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water were screened by MTT and ELISA kit,after which isolation and purification of the various compounds were achieved,and their effects on the expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway were determined by Western blot.RESULTS Both extracts of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate exhibited anti-nephrotic activity,and Justicidin A was determined to be the active compound inhibiting both the proliferation of mesangial cells and the release of cytokines to some extent.CONCLUSION Rostellularia procunbens (L.) Nees may inhibit the expression of inflammatory proteins through TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway to prevent chronic nephritis.

This study is to observe the effect of N-(3-phenylallylidene)-6-fluoro-1, 8-(2, 1-propoxy)-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-quinolin-4(1H)-one-3-carbonyl hyarazine (FQ16) on apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. With different concentrations of FQ16 at different times used to treat SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, the proliferation of the cells and the inhibition effect of FQ16 on the cell proliferation were examined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258/PI fluorescence staining, TUNEL and agarose gel electrophoresis method. The effect of FQ16 on topoisomerase II activity was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis using Plasmid pBR322 DNA as the substrate. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, delta psi m) was measured by high content screening image system. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression changes of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA. The caspase-9, caspase-8, caspase-3, p53, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions were detected by Western blotting analysis. The results showed that the cell proliferation was inhibited by FQ16 at 0.625 - 10 micromol L(-1) in a time-dose dependent manner. Treatment of SMMC-7721 cells with different concentrations of FQ16 for 24 h increased the percentage of the apoptosis cells obviously (P<0.05), the typical ladder DNA in apoptotic cells and a concomitant dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared with control group, FQ16 influenced obviously DNA topoisomerase II activity, stimulated DNA cleavage and inhibited DNA reunion mediated by topoisomerase II. In addition, FQ16 (3 - 7.39 micromol L(-1)) increased mRNA expression of Bax and protein expression of p53, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3, separately, and induced cytosolic accumulation of activities caspase-9 and caspase-3, whereas the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 decreased with no change of caspase-8. Therefore it can be concluded that the effects of inhibited topoisomerase II and mitochondrial-dependent pathways were involved in FQ16 induction of apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells.
Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Molecular Structure ; Piperazines ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism