OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of fast-track surgery in perioperative period on the clinical outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 117 patients with esophageal cancer between January 2011 and June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-three cases (study group) were treated with fast-track surgery and 54 cases(control group) were treated according to routine protocol in the perioperative period.

RESULTSThe operative time, time to drainage tube removal, and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the study group than those in the control group(all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the medical cost was lower(P<0.05). The overall postoperative complication rate was 7.9% in the study group and 24.1% in the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFast-track surgery in the perioperative period for patients with esophageal cancer can promote bowel function recovery and decrease morbidity.

Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Care ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect ofhepatoeyte growth factor (HGF) on the neovascularization of human glioma and its mechanism. Methods Seventy-two patients with gliomas,admitted to our hospital from January 2002 to June 2008,including 19 with grade Ⅰ,18 with grade Ⅱ,20 with grade Ⅲ and 15 with grade Ⅳ,were chosen in our study.HGF and CD34 expressions in the paraffin section of gliomas in these 72 patients were detected with immunohistochemistry.Fluorescently labeled HGF-siRNA was transfected into U87MG glioma cells with TurboFect siRNA Transfection Reagent as si-HGF transfection group,and normal control group and negative transfection group were employed as controls; the HGF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in these U87MG cells were detected by Western blotting; cells fiom the 3 groups were inoculated to chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and the angiogenesis ability of these U87MG cells were determined 5 d later. Results HGF-positive rate in patients with low-grade gliomas (grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ) was significantly lower than that in patients with high-grade glioma (grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ,P＜0.05); micro-vascular density (MVD) in gliomas with positive HGF was obviously higher than that in gliomas with negative HGF (P＜0.05).As compared with those in cells of the normal control group and negative transfection group, the HGF and VEGF expressions in cells of the si-HGF transfection group were descended by 76％ and 53％,respectively.The number and area of new vessels and the neovascularization ratio in cells of the si-HGF transfection group were signficantly decreased as compared with those in cells of the normal control group and negative transfection group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Close relation exists between HGF and neovascularization of gliomas,which indicates that HGF might become a new target for future antiangiogenesis treatment.

OBJECTIVETo compare the specificity and sensitivity of two genotyping approaches for human papillomavirus (HPV).

METHODHPV DNA was amplified and detected in clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction in a pair of universal primers MY09/11, and then genotyped with either sequencing method or liquid chip hybridization method (luminex method).

RESULTSequencing method obtained precise genotyping results in single-type HPV infection, while luminex method obtained accurate genotyping results in multiple-type HPV infection.

CONCLUSIONA combined method using both sequencing and luminex method is suitable for the genotyping of HPV-infected specimens.

Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Female Urogenital Diseases ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) combined with thin-section CT improves the diagnostic performance for solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs).

METHODSA total of 267 patients underwent examinations withF-FDG PET/CT and thin-section CT for evaluating the SPNs with undetermined nature, which was further confirmed by pathological examination or clinical follow-up. The performance of two diagnostic criteria based on findings in PET/CT alone (Criterion 1) and in PET/CT combined with thin-section CT (Criterion 2) were compared.

RESULTSThin-section CT provided greater diagnostic information for SPNs in 84.2% of the patients. Compared with Criterion 1, the diagnosis based on Criterion 2 significantly increased the diagnostic sensitivity (80.4% vs 91%, P<0.01) and accuracy (76.4% vs 87.2%, P<0.01) for lung cancer. The lesion size and the CT features including lobulation, air bronchogram, and feeding vessel, but not SUVmax, were all helpful for characterizing non-solid SPNs. Thin-section CT rectified diagnostic errors in 50% (20/40) of the cancerous lesions, which had been diagnosed as benign by PET due to their low metabolism. For non-solid SPNs, Criterion 2 showed a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity than Criterion 1 (90.0% vs 40.0%, P=0.000) but their diagnostic specificity were comparable (75.2% vs 58.3%, P=0.667). For solid nodules, the use of thin-section CT resulted in no significant improvement in the diagnostic performance (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combination of PET/CT and thin-section CT creates a synergistic effect for the characterization of SPNs, especially non-solid nodules.

Background Visual impairment influent the life quality of patient and bring about the economical burden to their families and society.Epidemiology survey of the prevalence and main causes of visual impairment is the basis of the prevention of blindness.Objective The goal of this survey was to investigate the visual impairment in the subjects aged 40 years or older living in Shunyi district and assist in the design of intervention programs.Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in this study.Cluster sampling was used to randomly select 4549 individuals aged ≥40 years in Shunyi district,and visual impairment was evaluated based on WHO criteria and analyzed based on the 10-year interval groups.The questionnaire,best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)and comprehensive eye examination were provided for eligible residents.To evaluate the independentassociation of significant sociodemographic variables with visual impairment,a regression model was constructed including age,sex and education level.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Peking University Medical Department.Written informed consent was signed by each subject before any medial survey.Results A total of 4167 subjects participated in this survey with the response rate of 91.6％.The age of the subjects ranged from 40-94 years(mean:56.61±11.10 years).The numbers of visual impairment was 161 with the prevalence 3.9％.Trend x2 test showed that the number and percentage of visual impairment were elevated as the increase of age,showing a significantly difference among different age groups(x2 =159.487,P＜0.01).The prevalence rate of visual impairment in 70 and older group was 15 times more than that of 60-69-year-old group(OR =0.114,95％ CI:0.056-0.234).No significant difference was found between gender and prevalence of visual impairment(OR =0.901,95％ CI:0.627 -1.295).The prevalence rate of visual impairment in illiterate group was 5.5 fold more than that of educated group (OR =2.743,95％ CI:1.830-4.111).Conclusions Ageing and low education degree are the important factors of visual impairment.Education attainment is an independent protective factor of visual impairment.

Background There are no noticeable symptoms in early stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR)and the detection of presymptomatic DR remains challenging. Therefore, data on the prevalence and progress of DR will help in prevention and treatment programs in China. Objective This study was to survey the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy( DR ) in a population aged 40 years or older in the Shunyi district of Beijing city.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed. Cluster sampling was used to randomly select 4167 (91.6%)individuals aged ≥40 years in 24 clusters in the Shunyi district of Beijing city in China. The Questionnaire data,including general information, living habits, present history, past history, family history, education level etc., were obtained from each subjects. The height, body weight and blood pressure were examined, and slit-lamp examination, direct ophthalmoscopy,indirect ophthalmoscopy and nonmydriatic fundus photography were performed during the study duration. Diabetic mellitus (DM)was diagnosed and graded according to the criteria of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group(ETDRS). The associated factors with DR were analyzed byx2 test,trend x2 test,and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. This protocol was approved by the Ethic Committee of Peking University. Informed consent was obtained from each individual prior to the survey. Results A total of 4167 ( 91.6% )individuals were examined from the 4549 samples with a response rate of 86. 4%. This study showed a prevalence of 29. 2% for DR, 5.4% for sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy ( STDR), and 1.3% for prolifrative retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 DM subjects. Of the type 2 DM subjects,0. 4% (4/445)had social blindness( VA＜0. 1 ) ,and 6. 3% (28/445) presented with visual impairment (VA ＜ 0. 3 )in bilateral eyes. Univariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that insulin therapy ( P = 0.011 ) and lower body mass index ( BMI, kg/m2 ) ( P = 0. 022 ) appeared to be significantly associated with DR, and the multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that longer duration of diabetes( P＜ 0. 01 ) , increased fasting glucose ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and lower education level ( P = 0. 031 ) were significant independent predictors of DR. Conclusion The prevalence of DR is lower among diabetic Chinese aged ≥ 40 years than those of matched population in Western countries. Lower BMI and insulin therapy were the significantly associated factors of DR, and a longer duration of disease and higher fasting glucose level are independent risk factors of DR. Education attainment is important for the DM patients as a protective factor of DR.

OBJECTIVEBy using Benchmark Dose (BMD) approach to explore the relations among drinking water fluoride, urine fluoride, serum fluoride and dental fluorosis; and to evaluate the significance of urine fluoride and serum fluoride in control and prevention of endemic fluorosis.

METHODS512 children (290 in Xinhuai Village, 222 in Wamiao Village) aged 8-13 years were recruited in the study. Epidemiological methods were used to investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis, and the levels of urine fluoride, serum fluoride, and drinking water fluoride in superficial well. The children were divided into six subgroups by the concentration of fluoride in drinking water: < 0.5 mg/L, 0.5-mg/L, 1.0-mg/L, 2.0-mg/L, 3.0-mg/L and > or = 4.0 mg/L.

RESULTSThere was significant dose-response relationship between the drinking water fluoride and the prevalence of dental fluorosis or the prevalence of defect dental fluorosis. The BMDLs (Benchmark Dose Lower Bound) were 1.01 and 1.30 mg/L, respectively. Urine fluoride and serum fluoride also had significant dose-response relationship to the prevalence of dental fluorosis or defect dental fluorosis. The correlation coefficient between drinking water fluoride and urine fluoride was 0.717, and it was 0.855 between drinking water fluoride and serum fluoride, and 0.617 between urine fluoride and serum fluoride.

CONCLUSIONSThe currently national standard of fluoride in drinking water in China is safe and reasonable. As a biological monitoring index, the levels of fluoride in serum may be more useful than that in urine in the control and prevention of endemic fluorosis.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Environmental Monitoring ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Female ; Fluorides ; analysis ; blood ; urine ; Fluorosis, Dental ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Water Supply ; analysis ; standards

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and capability of tumor cell seeding to the peritoneal membrane by different gastric cancer lines.

METHODSExpression of uPA in 4 human gastric cancer cell lines was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot. uPA activity was determined by an assay kit. After ip inoculation of cancer cells to nude mice, tumors on peritoneal membrane was grossly examined for tumor cell seedings.

RESULTSSGC7901 was the highest in uPA expression among human gastric cancer cell lines AGS, SGC7901, MKN45, and MKN28. MKN45 had the strongest uPA activity, while AGS was lowest in both uPA expression and activity. Peritoneal seeding tumors of various sizes were observed in mice inoculated with SGC7901 and MKN45 cells. In addition to peritoneal seedings, bloody ascites was present in mice inoculated with MKN28. The MKN45-inoculated mice took the least time to develop tumors and had the shortest surviving period. No peritoneal seeding was seen in mice inoculated with AGS cells.

CONCLUSIONThree of 4 human gastric cancer cell lines studied express uPA mRNA and activity, which correlate with their peritoneal seeding potentials.

Adenocarcinoma ; enzymology ; secondary ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Seeding ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; secondary ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of the interferon-induced transmembrane-1 (IFITM1) gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and the serum anti-IFITM1 antibody responses of the patients and assess their value in clinical diagnosis of CRC.

METHODSSemi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect IFITM1 mRNA expression in the specimens of normal colonic mucosa, CRC tissue, inflammatory polyps, adenomatous polyps, gastric cancer, esophageal carcinoma and liver cancer tissues. Serum samples were collected from the patients to detect anti-IFITM1 antibody responses using Western blotting. The clinicopathological features of the carcinoma expressing IFITM1 gene were analyzed.

RESULTSIFITM1 mRNA was expressed in 47.4 % (18/38) of the CRC specimens, a rate significantly higher than that in adenomatous polyps [15% (3/20)] and gastric cancer [4.8% (1/21)]; no obvious IFITM1 expression was found in normal colonic mucosa, inflammatory polyp, esophageal carcinoma or liver cancer tissues (P<0.001 or P<0.05). IFITM1 mRNA was strongly expressed in CRC at the expression level of 0.8048-/+0.2273, which was significantly higher than that in adenomatous polyps (0.4447-/+0.0989, P<0.001). No anti-IFITM1 antibody response was detected in healthy human sera, but in the CRC patients, the serum antibody response was detected at the rate of 36.8% (14/38), significantly higher than the rate of 9.5% (2/21) in gastric cancer (P<0.05). No antibody response was detected in esophageal carcinoma, liver cancer, inflammatory polyp or adenomatous polyps. Most of the IFITM1-expressing CRC had a diameter exceeding 5 cm, often invading the serous membrane with metastasis to the lymph nodes and the distant organs; these tumors were identified mostly as well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in Dukes stage C or D.

CONCLUSIONIFITM1 gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis, development and metastasis of CRC, and may serve as a potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis of CRC.

Antibodies ; blood ; Antigens, Differentiation ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo compare the expression and activities of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) among different gastric cancer cell lines and investigate their relations with peritoneal metastatic potency.

METHODSThe uPA expression in 4 gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, SGC7901, MKN45, MKMN28) was detected using ELISA and Western blot methods. uPA activity was detected simultaneously using uPA activity kit. The gastric cancer cells were cultured with confluent mesothelial cells in 24-well plates or Boyden chambers for different times. The adhesive cells were counted directly under a microscope. The motility and invasion of gastric cancer cells were determined by MTT assay.

RESULTSAmong four gastric cancer lines,the highest expression of uPA was found in SGC7901 and the highest uPA activity in MKN45, while the lowest expression and activity of uPA in AGS. Compared with the other three lines, MKN45 had stronger adhesion than MKMN28 (P< 0.05), SGC7901 (P< 0.05), and AGS (P< 0.01), but there were no significant differences in motility and invasion among MKN45, MKN28 and SGC7901. The adhesion,motility and invasion of AGS were weaker compared with those of the other three cell lines.

CONCLUSIONThe uPA expression and activity are significantly different among 4 gastric cancer cell lines, and positively correlated with their peritoneal metastatic potency.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Stomach Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism