Obiective To study the clinical characteristics and therapeutic measures of the antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) in children with severe bacterial pneumonia. Methods The information of antibiotic use history in children with severe bacterial pneumonia from January 2013 to June 2013 was retrospectively analyzed. Results The incidence rate of AAD was 70.59%in children with severe bacterial pneumonia. According to the frequency, the third-generation cephalosporins, penicillin and carbapenems were the major causes of AAD. The percentage of the age≤3 y, the duration of antibiotic usage>7 d and the number of antibiotics≥2 were significantly higher in AAD children than in non-AAD children (χ2=89.81~119.45, P<0.001). All the patients were improved after cessation or change of antibiotics. Conclusions The incidence of AAD in children with severe bacterial pneumonia is high, which is related to the age, the duration of antibiotic usage and the combination use of antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the potential effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on prevention and treatment of neonatal mice infected with human rotavirus (HRV). Methods Sixty 4-day-old kunming mice were randomly divided into control group. HRV infected group, L. acidophilus pretreated group (treated before HRV infection ) and L. acidophilus treated group(treated after HRV infection). The manifestation and pathological changes in small intestine of neonatal mice were observed. The HRV antigen in the feces and intestines were measured by ELISA and fluorescent-focus assay, respectively. Results The severity and duration of diarrhea as well as mortality in L. acidophilus pretreated group and treated group were lower than those in HRV infected group. The duration of HRV-antigens shedding following infection was considerably prolonged in HRV infected group compared to that in L. acidophilus pretreated group and treated group. Furthermore, decreased expression of HRV antigen and little pathological changes in intestinal mucosa were found in L. acidophilus pretreated group and treated group when compared with HRV infected group. Conclusion L. acidophilus may be used as an alternative approach for the prevention and treatment of neonatal mice infected with HRV.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of lauromacrogol injection sclerotherapy with ethanol injection sclerotherapy in treating simple liver cysts. Methods A total of 166 patients with simple liver cyst were randomly divided into the lauromacrogol group (study group, n=86) and the absolute alcohol group (control group, n=80). Under ultrasonographic guidance, puncture aspiration of liver cyst was carried out in all patients, which was followed by injection of lauromacrogol for patients in the study group or injection of ethanol for patients in the control group. The therapeutic effect and the side-effect were evaluated. The results were compared between the two groups. Results No serious complications such as bleeding or infection occurred in both groups. During the therapeutic course , 45 patients (56.3%) in the control group felt pain to some degree and 23 patients (28.8%) developed drunk-like symptoms, while no patient in the study group felt any obvious discomfort. One week after sclerotherapy , 20 patients (25%) in the control group complained of distending pain on the right upper abdomen, while only 9 patients (10.5%) in the study group complained of pain, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 6.073, P < 0.05). Six months after the treatment, the cure rate of the study group and the control group was 95.7%and 93.5%respectively, and the difference between the two groups was no significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion For the treatment of liver cysts, lauromacrogol injection is safe and effective. Therefore, this technique should be recommended in clinical practice.

Animals ; Epilepsy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genes, MDR ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Triazines ; pharmacology

Humans ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

Objective To establish the training objective systems for undergraduates in mili-tary clinical medicine in order to promote the educational reform of military medicine, and to improve the quality of talents training in military medical universities. Methods Literature analysis was made to determine the initial military clinical medical undergraduate training objectives, and a questionnaire was given to experts, on-the-job military doctors, medical graduates to know the real requirements of military doctors' position. A total of 455 valid questionnaires were collected. Then the questionnaire results were discussed and summarized by the method of expert discussion. Finally,. Delphi method was used to determine the ultimate training objective system. Results The ultimate training objective system of military undergraduate clinical medicine contains two aspects, eight fields and sixty-one standards objective systems. Conclusion Organically fusing military medical knowledge, ability and professional quality requirement into two levels and eight modules and clearly understanding the standards and requirements of each module are significantly systematic, advanced and operable, which has important reference value and guiding significance to both the military medical colleges and uni-versities and the local universities.

Objective To study the expression of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG),insulin signaling pathway and glucose transporter in placenta of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of GDM. Methods A total of 10 full-term and non-obese(BMI<25 kg/m2)pregnancy women diagnosed with GDM and 10 normal pregnant cases were recruited for the study. Placental tissues were collected respectively. The expression of protein and mRNA of SHBG and insulin signal transduction(IRS-1,ISR-2,PI3K p85α)and glucose transporter proteins(GLUT-1,GLUT-3,GLUT-4)in placental tissue were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Pearson and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation among the related indicators. Results In the placental tissue of non-obese women,there existed a decrease(P<0.05)in the expression of protein and mRNA of SHBG with a concurrent a decrease(P<0.05)in the expression of protein and mRNA of GLUT-4 in GDM women compared with normal controls. Furthermore ,a decrease(P<0.05)of GLUT-3 and IRS-1 protein expression with lower(P<0.05)IRS-2 mRNA expression was also observed in placental tissue from GDM patients. No changes were found in PI3K p85α and GLUT-1 at both protein and mRNA levels(P>0.05). Results of linear correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between SHBG mRNA and IRS-2 mRNA(P<0.05),SHBG mRNA and PI3K p85α mRNA(P<0.05),and SHBG mRNA and GLUT-4 mRNA(P<0.05). There was also a remarkable positive correlation between IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT-4 mRNA(P<0.01). There existed negative correlations between IRS-1 mRNA and PI3K p85α mRNA(P<0.05),and IRS-1 mRNA and GLUT-3 mRNA(P<0.05). There existed a remarkable positive correlation between IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT-1 mRNA(P<0.01). Conclusion The defective receptors of insulin signaling pathway are present in GDM placental tissue. Decreased expression of SHBG may be involved in the regulation insulin signaling ,leading to a concomitant decrease expression of relevant insulin signaling components in placental tissue ,implying insulin resistance and developing GDM finally.

Objective To investigate the screening state and cause of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism(CH) in Henan province.Me-thods Three hundred and thirty-eight thousands no-choice newborns in the 156 hospitals in Henan province from Jan.1998 to Dec.2004 were received screening.The heel peripheral blood samples were taken and the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) were mea-sured by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.Positive newborns were recalled and draw out 2 mL venous blood.The levels of TSH,triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine(T4) in serum were detected by direct chemiluminescence.The abnormal criterion was that the level of T3,T4 was under the normal range and the level of TSH was above the normal range.Meanwhile their growth and development,intelligence quotient,related medical examination and family histories were investigated in order to find etiological factors and high risk factors.Results The average coverage rate was 5.93% of neonatal screening for CH in Henan province.One hundrend and nine infants were diagnosed CH.The attack rate was about 0.032%.The site and growth of thyroideas of 109 cases with CH were all normal.There were higher morbidity for pregnant women with unhealthy condition or the families with hypertension,diabetes,deformity or dysnoesia.Conclusions Etiology of newborns with CH in Henan province may be not relate with congenital absence and dystopia of thyroidea,but relate with dyssynthesis and receptor deficiency of hormone.And scientific reference is offered for the further study.

The five-flavor theory of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and the flavor efficacy generation mechanism has long been focuses and difficulties in studies on traditional Chinese medicinal properties. In this paper, by using the pharmacophore-based virtual screening technique, the authors discussed the relations between the pungent property and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) by studying the TCM components' role in regulating TRPV1 ion channel. The results showed that the matching relationship between TRPV1 agonist pharmacophore model and TCM chemical components could identify the active ingredients from pungent herbs. Therefore, the authors proposed that TRPV1 is one of the potential targets for efficient pungent herbs. The pungent property of TCMs is decided by its chemical components, and consistent with the inherited and additive characteristics.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Smell ; TRPV Cation Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Taste

In order to determine the suitable harvest time of Dendrobium officinale from different regions in Yunnan province, the drying rate, mannose and glucose peak area ratio, extract, contents of polysaccharide and mannose of D. officinale samples collected from six producing areas in Ynnnan province were determined. The results indicate that drying rate and the contents of polysaccharide and mannose arrived the peak from January to April, extract reached a higher content from September to December, and mannose and glucose peak area ratio from October to February of the coming met the requirment of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Hence, the suitable harvesting time of D. officinale in Yunnan province is from December to February of the coming year,according to the experimental results and the request of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
China ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Glucose ; analysis ; metabolism ; Mannose ; analysis ; metabolism ; Time Factors