Objective: To observe the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on the spatial learning ability/memory and dopaminergic neurons in the Nigra of senescence accelerated-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. Methods: Three-month old male SAMP8 mice were injected with MPTP (36 mg/ kg,s. c.) for 5 days,and animals in the control group were injected with NS (36 ml/kg, s. c.) in the same manner. Morris water maze was used to examine the searching strategy, seeking-platform latency,and the swimming time in the aimed quadrant. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the changes of TH-ir positive neurons in substantia nigra. Results: The number of TH-ir neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta was significantly reduced in MPTP group compared with the control group(P<0.01). Morris water maze showed that the searching strategy of animals in MPTP group was worse than in the control group, with the seeking-platform latency of MPTP mice significantly prolonged (P<0.01), the time spent in the aimed quadrant significantly decreased (P<0.01) and time in the opposite quadrant significantly prolonged (P<0.05). Conclusion: MPTP can cause damage to the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of SAMP8 mice,which is subsequently followed by deficit in the spatial learning and memory in the animals.

Objective To observe the effects of enriched environmen(EE) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in substantia nigra (SN) of senescence-accelerated prone mice, so as to explore the possible mechanism of EE in alleviating MPTP-induced damage and in protecting dopaminergic neurons in the SN. Methods Totally 80 3-month old female SAMP8 mice were averagely assigned to EE and standard environment (SE) groups at random. After three months, the mice in each group were further divided into 2 subgroups at random, MPTP group and NS group (n = 20). The MPTP groups received subcutaneous injection of MPTP, and the NS mice were treated with an equal volume of NS. At the seventh day, the mice were sacrificed for RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. RT-PCR was used to examine BDNF mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry staining was used to examine BDNF-ir expression. Results Compared with SE+NS mice, EE+NS mice had significantly increased BDNF mRNA expression(P<0.01), and the number of BDNF-ir cell and COD values in SN were also significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with SE+NS mice, SE+MPTP mice showed significantly decreased BDNF mRNA expression (P<0.001) , and the number of BDNF-ir cells and the COD values in SN of mice were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with SE+MPTP mice, EE+MPTP mice showed increased BDNF mRNA expression (P<0.01), and the number of BDNF-ir cells and the COD values in SN were significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusion EE can increase BDNF mRNA expression and BDNF-ir cell number in SN of SAMP8 mice, alleviating MPTP-induced SN damage.

A simple and convenient procedure for stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-allyl selenides has been developed by a one-pot reaction of diselenides with Baylis-Hillman adducts in the presence of samarium metal-trimethylsilyl chloride under mild conditions. Presumably, the diselenides are cleaved by Sm/TMSCl system to form selenide anions, which then undergo S(N)2' substitution of Baylis-Hillman adducts to produce the (Z)-allyl selenides.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Organoselenium Compounds ; chemistry ; Selenium Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Stereoisomerism

Objective To compare the difference of early optic nerve damage and visual field defect between primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)and primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG).Design Prospective case series.Participants 30 eyes of 23 patients with early POAG and 30 eyes of 22 patients with early PACG were recruited.Methods Routine ophthalmologic exams,visual field (Humphrey Field Analysis 24-2),scanning laser polarimetry GDx ECC(Full Exam)were performed.Different types of RNFLD and GDx ECC parameters were compared between the two groups through X square-test and independent samples t-test,respectively.Both the intra-group globe visual indices and retinal sensitivity loss of each illumination target were compared with independent samples t-test. Main Outcome Measure GDx ECC parameters,types of RNFLD,visual indices and retinal sensitivity loss of each illumination target. Results Significant differences in all GDx ECC parameters of the two groups were found except Superior Average and Symmetry.In GDx ECC reports,diffuse RNFLD in POAG and PACG were 40% and 10%,respectively(P＜0.05),while localized RNFLD were 53% and 63%,respectively.The differences of PSD and CPSD between groups were significant.More localized retinal sensitivity loss in the superiotemporal visual field in PACG were found.Conclusion The diffuse RNFL damage of early POAG is more than that of PACG. Differences between POAG and PACG in retinal sensitivity loss of the superiotemporal visual field are found,which are consistent with the RNFL damages.The pattern of RNFL damage and the visual field defects are different both functionally and structurally,which may give insight into the different etiologies of POAG and PACG.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the structural parameters provided by the Heidelberg retina tomogra- phy (HRT) and the structural parameters provided by laser diagnostics glaucoma scanning system (GDx), to discuss whether the correla- tion between them be used to make a more accurate diagnosis. Design Case control study. Participants Thirty-two patients (49 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma and 15 patients only with abnormal GDx results. Methods The patients underwent examination with HRT, GDx. The relations between the topographic parameters of GDx Ecc and HRT were analysed by linear regression. F test was used to analyse whether there was a spatial correspondence between the GDx Ecc and HRT I]. Maim Outcome Measures The topographic parameters generated by GDx Ecc and HRTⅡ. Results In glaucoma group, among the topographic parameters generated by GDx Ecc and HRTⅡ. The correlation between NFI and rim area was significant (r=-0.68,P=-0.000). The spatial correspondence between GDx Ecc and HRTⅡwas also significant. In control group, NFI and rim area also had the significant correlation among the parameters of optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer (r=-0.79, P=0.001). But there was no spatial correspondence between the GDx Ecc and HRTⅡ. Conclusions There is a spatial correspondence between GDx and HRT, but this correspondence doesn't existence in patients only with abnormal GDx result. This difference can be used to make a more accurate diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of infantile cytomegalovirus(CMV) hepatitis with cholestasis and investigate intrahepatic cholestasis due to hepatocytic impairment caused by CMV infection.Methods Forty-seven children with CMV cholestatic he-patitis were divided into 2 groups according to the level of total bilirubin(TB):22 cases with serum TB lower than 136.8 ?mol/L(groupⅠ),and 25 cases with serum TB higher than 136.8 ?mol/L(groupⅡ).All children were treated with both gangciclovir and routine met-hods,and serum biochemistry were checked before and after treatment.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results Forty-seven cases of infantile CMV cholestatic hepatitis had different degrees of jaundice,hepatosplenomegaly and abnormal liver functions.The differences of serum ALT and AST between the 2 groups had statistical significance,the levels of serum gamma glutamy transferase(GGT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were lightly higher in groupⅡcompared with those in groupⅠ,but there were no statistical significance.TB,direct bilirubin(DB),ALT and AST were decreased in the 2 groups after treatment,GGT and ALP hadn′t decreased significantly after treatment.Conclusions CMV infection can injure hepatocytes and epithelials on each grade of bile duct,thus CMV hepatitis causes intrahepatic cholestasis.Cholestasis due to hepatocytic impairment deserves emphasis and intervention should be done as early as possible.Gangciclovir therapy for CMV infection manifest effective and safe in short-term.

Objective To explore the neuroprotective effects of edaravone in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-C57BL/6J-Parkinson?s disease (PD) model mice and the related mechanisms. Methods Totally 90 male C57BL/6J mice were evenly randomized into edaravone (ED) group, PD model group and normal saline (NS) group. Subcutaneous injection of MPTP was used to make PD model, and ED group was then administered with ED (3 mg/kg). Rotarod number was detected by rotarod test. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons expression in the substantia nigra (SN) of mice was observed by immunohistochemistry staining. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein expression in the SN of mice were tested by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Results Compared with NS group, rotarod numbers in ED and PD groups were significantly less (P(0. 05, P(0. 01), the number of TH-ir neurons in SN was significantly reduced (P(0. 05, P(0. 01), and BDNF mRNA (all P(0. 01) and protein (all P(0. 05) expression was significantly decreased. Compared with PD mice, rotarod number in ED mice was significantly more (P(0. 05), the number of TH-ir neurons in the SN was significantly increased (P(0. 05), and BDNF mRNA (P(0. 01) and protein (P(0. 05) expression was significantly enhanced. Conclusion ED can increase the expression of BDNF mRNA and protein in the SN of C57BL/6J-PD model mice, alleviate MPTP damage, and has a protection effect on dopaminergic neurons.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of pemetrexed injection combined with cisplatin injection in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.Methods Forty-two patients with non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 21 cases per group.Control group was given intravenous infusion of 500 mg · m-2 pemetrexed (day 1).Treatment group were given intravenous infusion of 500 mg · m-2 pemetrexed (day 1) and intravenous infusion of 25 mg · m-2 cisplatin (day 1-3) after 30 min.Two groups were treated for two cycles with 3 weeks per cycle.The clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates of the treatment and control groups were 52.38％ (11 cases/21 cases) and 23.81％ (5 cases/21 cases) with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions of treatment group were based on fever,which in control group were based on thrombocytopenia,fever and rash.The total incidences of adverse drug reactions in the treatment and control groups were 47.62％ and 57.14％ without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Pemetrexed injection combined with cisplatin injection has a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer,without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Objective To report a peliosis hepatic in child and review literature and discuss.Methods Case history was inquired.Physical,labtoratory,imagement and histopathology of liver biopsy(HE staining) were examed.Results A 4-year old girl appeared dermatitis with erythema and herpes at local skin where was bit by insect before onset.The girl appeared fever,cough,then abdominal pain,hepatomegaly,pleural effusion and ascites.Lab examination revealed slight elevation of aspartate transaminase,?-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase.The liver B-mode ultrasonography and CT scan revealed hepatomegaly with density heterogeneity of the parenchyma.The liver biopsy revealed many small capsule filled with blood cells.Conclusions Clinical characteristics of the disease are fever,upper abdomen pain,janundice,ascites and hepatomegaly.The diagnosis shall be combined with the pathologic biopsy of liver.

Objective To analyze the endemic features of plague in Qinghai province between 2000 and 2009, discover the law of occurrence and progression, in order to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was employed to analyze the data from on the spot investigation, monitoring reports and papers published between 2000 and 2009. The indicators included the area, host and media distribution of animal plague and area, time, and population distribution of human plague.Results In Qinghai province between 2000 and 2009, 189 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from a variety of animals and insect vectors, including 77 from the marmot, accounting for 40.74%, 40 from Callopaylla dolabris,accounting for 21.16%. Positive serum antibodies against F1 plague were detected in 238 samples, including 90 samples from husbandry dogs, 63 from woodchucks. The areas with Yersinia pestis were consistent with the areas with positive serum antibodies against F1 plague, which distributed mainly along the Qinghai-Tibet railway Wulan county, Delhi and Golmud Multi-county;confirmed that there was natural foci of plague in Qinghai vole. Between 2000 and 2009, 13 events of human plague occurred, with 37 cases and 16 patients died, mortality was 43.24%.Cases were distributed in 11 townships of Tongde, Xinghai, Qilian, Wulan, Tianjun, Nangqian, Qumalai,Chengduo and Zhiduo counties. May to October was the disease season, with September the peak. Pneumonic plague disease type was the main mode of transmission of the plague and patients often contacted with airborne droplets through the air and peeling fresh Marmota. Conclusions Plague in Qinghai province is still grim,strengthening animal plague surveillance, and timely disposal of animal plague, improving the province's agricultural and pastoral areas, especially increase the disease prevention consciousness of the masses are future tasks. Work should be focused on strengthening the prevention and control of plague along Qinghai-Tibet railway,and prevent the occurrence and long-distance transmission of human plague.