OBJECTIVE: To testify the feasibility of targeted delivery of protionamide to lung through the iv administration of the biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycollic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. METHODS: Based on the single-factor study, the preparation of protionamide-PLGA microspheres was optimized. The surface morphology of the microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mean diameter and the size distribution of microsphere, the drug loading, the incorporation efficiency, drug release in vitro, stability and tissue distribution after intravenous administration were also evaluated, respectively. RESULTS: Protionamide-PLGA microspheres were regular and spherical in shape. The average particle size was (9.86 ± 1.38) μm and over 81.53% of the microspheres was in the range of 7-15 μn. The drug loading and encapsulated ratio was (32.70 ± 0.37)% and (8.48 ± 0.24)%, respectively. The in vitro drug release could be well fitted by the Higuchi equation (Q=4.4303t1/2 ± 7.7241, r=0.9913). Compared with the aqueous formulation, the drug level in lung of BALB/C mice in microsphere group was much higher, and also kept for longer time. CONCLUSION: The protionamide-PLGA microspheres prepared in this study show significant sustained release and lung targeting effect.

This study aimed to investigate the immune adjuvant effect and mechanism induced by chitosan nanoparticles carrying pJME/GM-CSF. In this study, plasmid DNA (pJME/GM-CSF) was encapsulated in chitosan to prepare chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles using a complex coacervation process. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the type of infiltrating cells at the site of intramuscular injection. The phenotype and functional changes of splenic DCs were measured by flow cytometry after different immunogens were injected intramuscularly. The killing activity of CTLs was assessed using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The preparation of chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles matched the expected theoretical results. Our results also found that, after pJME/GM-CSF injection, the incoming cells were a mixture of macrophages, neutrophils, and immature DCs. Meanwhile, pJME/GM-CSF increased the expression of MHC class II molecules on splenic DCs, and enhanced their Ag capture and presentation functions. Cell-mediated immunity was induced by the vaccine. Furthermore, chitosan-pJME/GM-CSF nanoparticles outperformed the administration of standard pJME/GM-CSF in terms of DC recruitment, antigen processing and presentation, and vaccine enhancement. These findings reveal that chitosan could be used as delivery vector for DNA vaccine intramuscular immunizations, and enhance pJME/GM-CSF-induced cellular immune responses.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; virology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; genetics ; immunology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Spleen ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; virology ; Vaccines, DNA ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology

ERS is a kind of universal existence in various cellular stress response.Recently, the research shows that ERS may affect bone metabolism balance from different ways.However, the specific mechanism is still not clear.The relationship between ERS and osteoporosis needs further research.This article will firstly introduce the pathways of ERS, then the relationship between the ERS and osteoporosis will be discussed from pancreatic beta cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells.Lastly, I will give perspectives on the future research on treatment of osteoporosis drug.

BackgroundThe study of the molecular mechanism of visual plasticity is helpful for the explaining and prevention of strabismus and amblyopia.The effect and significance of NogoA in the strabismus and amblyopia formation are attracting more attention.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the expression of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex in strabismic-induced amblyopia cats and explore the possible molecular mechanism of strabismic-induced amblyopia.MethodsSixteen 4-week old clean cats were randomizedly divided into normal group and strabismic-induced amblyopia group and eight for each group.The strabismic-induced amblyopia models were created by cutting off the external rectus in 8 cats.Pattern visual evoked potentials ( P-VEP ) were recorded 1 week after operation and compared with normal cats,and depression of amplitude and prolongation of implied time of P100 wave were as the successful criterion of model.The 200 ml paraformaldehyde was infused via heart to fax the brain under the deep anesthesia and then the cats were sacrificed and the brain cortex sections were prepared.The morphology of 21a zone of cat visual cortex was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining,and the expressions of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antiNogoA antibody.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe implied time and amplitude ratio of VEP P100 wave were (98.10±7.07)ms and (0.83±0.14) in normal group,and those in strabismic-induced amblyopia group were (108.50±6.95 )ms and (0.35 ±0.09 ),showing significant differences between two groups (t=4.450,P=0.005 ; t =5.970,P =0.005 ).The numbers of neurons were similar in 21a area of visual cortex between the two groups,but the volume of the neurons was lessen in strabismic-induced amblyopia group.The positive cell densities for NogoA were ( 387.37±2.01 ) cells/mm2,( 354.58± 1.85 ) cells/mm2 and ( 289.68± 1.81 ) cells/mm2 in layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ,Ⅳ and V/V[ respectively in strabismic-induced amblyopia group,and those in normal group were ( 161.39± 1.98 ) cells/mm2,( 128.93 ± 1.26 ) cells/mm2 and ( 96.25 ± 1.49 ) cells/mm2,indicating a significant increase in model cats ( t =- 160.400,- 201.890,- 164.740,P =0.000 ).Conclusions NogoA may play an important role in the regulation of the sensitive developmental period of visual sense and its plasticity.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Qinghouyan lozenge in the treatment of acute pharyngitis due to Lung-heat and Yin-deficiency, and compare with Qinghouyan oral Liquid. Totally 144 subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (72 in the test group and 72 in the control group). The participants in the test group were given Qinghouyan lozenge for 5 days, and those in the control group were given Qinghouyan oral Liquid for 5 days. The effectiveness evaluation indexes were pharyngalgia/odynophagia disappearance rate, overall efficacy of TCM syndromes, TCM syndrome scores, and single syndrome and sign disappearance rate. During the test, the safety was evaluated by vital sign, lab examination indexes and adverse events. The results for the full analysis set showed that the couth disappearance rate, the incidence rate of TCM syndromes, and the throat/uvula congestion disappearance rate of the test group were higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), with significant differences in the changes in syndrome scores between the two groups (P < 0.05). Altogether 3 adverse events were observed in the test group while 6 adverse events in the control group, without significant differences in the adverse event rate between the two groups (P < 0.05), serious abnormal laboratory examinations and vital signs. In conclusion, Qinghouyan lozenge has better efficacy in treatment of acute pharyngitis due to Lung-heat and Yin-deficiency than Qinghouyan oral liquid, with good safety.
Acute Disease ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pharyngitis ; drug therapy

Objective To analyze the physical agent detection ability of occupational health technical service institutions in Methods Guangdong Province. A total of 92 institutions in Guangdong Province that participated in the inter laboratory comparison of physical agents organized in 2020 were taken as the research subjects using purposive sampling method. The ， Results certified physical factor items number of measuring instruments and measurement standards were investigated. The ， ， certification and accreditation project on physical agents in 92 institutions with certification and accreditation rate >80.0% ， ， ， - were noise high temperature ultraviolet radiation hand transmitted vibration and illumination. The certification approval rates ， ， ， ， of power frequency magnetic field 1 Hz to 100 kHz electric field 1 Hz to 100 kHz magnetic field laser radiation physical ， - < （ ） labor intensity and whole body vibration were 60.0%. The certification and accreditation rate of noise 98.9% was the ， （ ） （P< ） ， highest and that of the physical labor intensity 3.3% was the lowest 0.01 . As for the number of measuring instruments （ ） the number of noise measuring instruments accounted for the highest proportion 52.6% in 92 institutions. The number of ， （P< ） measuring instruments from the most to the least was grade A grade B and unqualified institutions 0.01 . The number of - （P< ） measuring instruments in private institutions was greater than that in non private institutions 0.01 . In the measurement ， ， standards some institutions that have certified power frequency electric field power frequency magnetic field and microclimate ， - projects still used the abandoned standard. Some institutions that have certified microclimate illuminance and whole body Conclusion ， vibration used the wrong measurement standards. Among the physical agents the certification and accreditation ， rate of noise is the highest and the number of noise related measuring instruments is the largest. The qualified institutions and private institutions have greater number of certification and accreditation projects on physical agents and measuring instruments.

Objective To investigate the effect of oxymatrine (OM) on the proliferation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901.Methods SGC-7901 cells were cultured with 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0 g · L-1 oxymatrine (test groups),control group given no drug treatment.The proliferation of gastric cancer cell SGC-7901 after cultured 1,2,3,4 d were detected by MTr method.SGC-7901 cells were treated with 1.0,2.0 and 4.0 g · L-1 oxymatrine and cultured for 48 h.The VEGF mRNA expression of each group was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of VEGF protein in each group.Results On day 4 of cell culture,the proliferation inhibition rates of control group and 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 and 8.0g·L-1 test groups were (4.15 ±3.93)％,(14.79 ±1.66) ％,(31.65 ±2.07) ％,(41.57 ±2.93) ％,(64.37 ±4.13) ％ and (79.17 ±4.75) ％.Compared with control group,the proliferation inhibition rate of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells in each test group was significantly increased at different concentration (P ＜ 0.01).The proliferation inhibition rate of test group increased with the increasing of culture time and drug concentration (P ＜ 0.05or P ＜0.01).After exposuring to oxymatrine for 48 h,the expression of VEGF mRNA in control group and 1.0,2.0 and 4.0 g · L-1 test groups were 0.82 ± 0.03,0.65 ± 0.05,0.54 ± 0.06 and 0.46 ± 0.04.Compared with control group,the expression of VEGF mRNA in test group was significantly decreased,and the expression of VEGF mRNA decreased gradually with the increasing of oxymatrine concentration,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.01).The expression of VEGF protein in control group and 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0 g · L-1 test groups were (1326.52 ± 139.57),(1305.69 ± 119.88),(1235.59 ± 102.36),(1083.33 ± 89.65),(789.85 ± 95.26) and (426.59 ±83.16) pg · mL-1.Compared with control group,the expression of VEGF protein in 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g · L-1 test groups were decreased gradually with the increase of oxymatrine concentration (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Oxymatrine can inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells,and the inhibitory rate of proliferation is proportional to the action time and drug concentration,meanwhile,oxymatrine can inhibit the expression of related angiogenesis factors.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical results of early total care (ETC) treatment for elderly patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures.

METHODSClinical data of 106 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated from January 2012 and February 2015 were retrospectively studied. According to whether receiving the early total care mode, the patients were divided into 2 groups, 34 cases were diagnosed and treated with early total care pattern (ETC group), including 14 males and 20 females with an average age of (74.88 ± 4.38) years old ranging from 70 to 86. According to Evans types, 4 cases were type I, 5 cases were type II, 13 cases were type III, 11 cases were type IV, 1 case was type V. Seventy-two patients were treated with conventional trauma method (conventional group), including 35 males and 37 females with an average age of (74.46 ± 3.63) years old ranging from 70 to 85. According to Evans type, 8 cases were type I ,13 cases were type II, 25 cases were type III, 25 cases were type IV, and 1 case was type V. All fractures were treated with proximal femoral nails anti-rotation (PFNA). Operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time, complications, cases of death at 1 year after operation, postoperative Harris score at 12 months were observed and compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up, the time of ETC group ranged from 9 to 18 months with an average of 13.29 ± 1.51, and the time in conventional group ranged from 12 to 16 months with an average 12.93 ± 1.15, while there was no significant difference between two groups in time of following-up (t = 1.368, P = 0.174). There was no significant meaning in cases of death between ETC group (2 cases) and conventional group (8 cases). Three cases occurred complications in ETC group, and 20 cases in conventional group,there was obvious meaning between two groups (χ² = 0.739, P = 0.318). Operative time,hospital stays,leaving bed time in ETC group respectively was (2.03 ± 0.67) d, (15.41 ± 2.87) d and (3.62 ± 0.74) d; while in conventional group respectively was (4.17 ± 1.59) d, (20.11 ± 4.24) d and (5.35 ± 1.22) d; there were significant differences between two groups in operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time. Postoperative Harris scores at 12 months in ETC group was (82.32 ± 4.56), and (79.24 ± 5.52) in conventional group, there was obvious meaning between two groups (t = 2.833, P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONETC pattern is a novel method for diagnosis and treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly, it could shorten operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time, decrease complications and promote recovery of function.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Femur ; injuries ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; surgery ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Care ; Retrospective Studies

To compare the short-and long-term effect of two minimal invasive surgical therapies including keyhole approach endoscopic surgery(KAES)and stereotactic aspiration plus urokinase(SAU)in treating basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(hICH). The clinical data of 117 hICH patients(63 received KAES and 54 received SAU)were retrospectively analyzed.The operation time,blood loss during surgery,and drainage time were compared between two groups.The residual hematoma volume,hematoma clearance rate(HCR),Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score,and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score were recorded at baseline and in the ultra-early stage,early stage,and sub-early stage after surgery.The 30-day mortality and serious adverse events were assessed and the 6-month modified Rankin scale(mRS)score was rated. Baseline data showed no significant difference between these two groups.Compared with the SAU group,the KAES group had significantly longer operation time,more intraoperative blood loss,and shorter drainage time(all <0.001).In the ultra-early stage after surgery,HCR was significantly higher in the KAES group(<0.001),whereas in the early and sub-early stage,HCR showed no significant differences(all >0.05).In the ultra-early and early stage,the GCS and NIHSS scores showed no significant differences between two groups(all >0.05),whereas in the sub-early stage,the NIHSS score was better in the SAU group(=0.034).The 30-day mortality and incidences of serious adverse events showed no significant difference(all >0.05).The good recovery(mRS≤3)at 6-months follow-up showed no significant difference between the two groups(=0.413). Both KAES and SAU are safe and effective in treating basal ganglia hICH.In the ultra-early stage after surgery,KAES achieves better residual hematoma volume and HCR,and patients undergoing SAU quickly catch up.The short-and long-term effectiveness of SAU is comparable or even superior to KAES.
Basal Ganglia ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

OBJECTIVETo study the cardiovascular risk factors and clinical medications in patients with cardiovascular disease in Guangzhou hospitals.

METHODSCluster sampling and non-random sampling methods were used to analyze the cardiovascular risk factors and clinical medications among the 6691 inpatients with cardiovascular diseases in the department of cardiology of 9 large general hospitals in Guangzhou during 1995-2005.

RESULTSCompared with the data in 1995, the incidences of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia increased while hypercholesteremia, elevated low-density lipoprotein, and low high-density lipoprotein levels decreased in 2005. The percentage of patients with level 1 (mild) hypertension was lower while that of patients with level 2 (moderate) hypertension higher in 2005 than in 1995. The percentages of use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB), beta-blockers, diuretics, and anti-platelet drugs (aspirin, clopidogrel), as well as statins lipid-lowering drugs, increased significantly in 2005 as compared with those in 1995.

CONCLUSIONThe cardiovascular risk factors and clinical medications underwent significant changes in Guangzhou hospitals in the period from 1995 to 2005, and the blood pressure, blood glucose, hypertriglyceridemia of the patients did not appear to be well controlled. The application rate of ACEI, ARB, beta-blockers, diuretics, aspirin, clopidogrel and statins increased rapidly for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and these drugs have become the first-line drugs.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies