AIM: To establish the quality standard for Huanglongganzhixiao Granule(Resina Draconis, Radix Astragali, Herba Epimedii, etc.). METHODS: Radix Astragali, Resina Draconis, Herba Epimedii in Huanglongganzhixiao Granule were identified by TLC. The content of loureirin B in this Granule was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Radix Astragali, Resina Draconis, Herba Epimedii could be identified by TLC. Loureirin B showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.032～0.096?g, r =0.9997( n =5). The average recovery was 100.1% and RSD was 3.33%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and with strong specificity and can be used for the quality control of Huanglongganzhixiao Granule.

Objective To observe changes of serum concentrations of interleukin-18(IL-18) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) and to explore the correlation of the 2 indices and its effect on patients′condition.Methods Thirty newborn infants met the criteria for HIE.There were 16 cases in mild HIE group,14 cases in moderate and severe HIE group.Twenty normal newborn infants were used as control group.The serum concentrations of IL-18 and ICAM-1 of HIE group and control group were detected using ELISA on the third day and 7th day.Results 1.The IL-18 levels of the mild,moderate and severe HIE and control groups measured within 3 days of life were (120.1?12.7),(175.1?15.4),(100.3?12.5) ng/L,respectively.The concentrations of IL-18 in HIE groups were higher than that of control group(Pa

Objective: To understand the behavioral characteristics of vaccination of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine based on diffusion of innovation theory, and to put forward suggestions for improving the vaccination willingness. Methods: The women who had made an appointment or received at least one dose of HPV vaccine in two community health service centers with HPV vaccination qualification in Hangzhou were recruited by convenience sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted according to cervical cancer risk factors, HPV vaccine knowledge and the time of vaccination. The diffusion of HPV vaccination and the characteristics of vaccinees in different stages was analyzed. Results: A total of 448 women, aged from 18 to 45 years old, with a median of 30.5 years old, were investigated. The spread of HPV vaccine were divided into five stages: April 2017 and before was the initial stage, with 8 leaders, accounting for 1.79%; October 2017 to February 2018 was the slowly rising stage, with 59 early vaccinees, accounting for 13.17%; April 2018 to April 2019 was the rising stage, with 160 most early vaccinees, accounting for 35.71%; May to August 2019 was the rapidly rising stage, with 170 most late vaccinees, accounting for 37.95%; September 2019 to the end of the survey was the standstill stage, with 51 laggards, accounting for 11.38%. All of the leaders had participated in cervical cancer screening, voluntarily vaccinated, and knew the susceptible population of cervical cancer, the targeted HPV types and the suitable population of vaccine. The median age of the first pregnancy was 27 years old. Six of them had three pregnancies. The early vaccinees and the most early vaccinees were recommended by doctors or friends to get HPV vaccine. The median age of first pregnancy was 26 and 28 years old, respectively. Their other characteristics were similar to those of the leaders. The characteristics of most late vaccinees were similar to those of the laggards. They were were mainly students who were recommended by their friends to receive HPV vaccination, did not participate in cervical cancer screening, did not know the susceptible population of cervical cancer, the targeted HPV types and the suitable population of vaccine. Conclusions People with high risk of HPV exposure, awareness of cervical cancer and screening are more likely to receive HPV vaccination at the early stage. It is necessary to strengthen the health education of HPV vaccination, and make full use of the influence of doctors and early vaccinees, which is helpful to promote the early vaccination of HPV vaccine among the right age population.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antimicrobial resistance and penicillin resistance-associated genes (TEM and pbp2B) of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolated from sputum specimens of Guangzhou children with respiratory tract infection.

METHODSE-test and Kirby-Bauer methods were applied to detect the antibiotic susceptibility of 44 strains of S. pneumoniae. PCR was used to detect resistance genes pbp2B and TEM, followed by DNA sequence analysis of pbp2B gene. The sequence results were compared to those of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae R6.

RESULTSOf the 44 isolates of S. pneumoniae, only 5 (11.4%) were susceptible to penicillin. All strains were resistant to erythromycin but susceptible to ofloxacin and vancomycin. The resistance rate of the isolates to clindamycin and trimoxazole was more than 90%. The S. pneumoniae isolates showed a high susceptibility to amoxicillin, imipenem and ceftriaxone, with a resistance rate of 0, 2.6% and 3.9%, respectively. The sequence analysis showed that more than 99% nucleotide sequence of pbp2B gene of five penicillin-susceptible isolates was the same as penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae R6, without any amino acid replacement. Site mutation was found in the remaining 39 penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates with a nucleotide mutation rate ranging from 13.2% to 23.1% and amino acid replacement rate from 6.5% to 10.9%. The 39 penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates were classified into 4 types according to the mutation site between Ser391 and Thr492 of pbp2B: type I (n=30), type II (n=7), type III (n=1) and type IV (n=1). No TEM gene was detected in all the 44 S. pneumoniae isolates.

CONCLUSIONSThe S.pneumoniae isolates from Guangzhou children with respiratory tract infection are resistant to penicillin and erythromycin. Amoxicillin and the third generation cephalosporin may be recommended for treating S. pneumoniae infection. The mutation of pbp2B gene plays an important role in the development of S. pneumoniae resistance to penicillin.

Aminoacyltransferases ; genetics ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Penicillin Resistance ; genetics ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; drug effects ; genetics ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Liuweidihuang Decoction on the proliferation and melanin synthesis of cultured human melanocytes in vitro.

METHODSMTT assay was used to assess the proliferation of cultured human melanocytes after treatment with Liuweidihuang Decoction, and NaOH assay was employed to determine melanin synthesis.

RESULTSLiuweidihuang Decoction at the concentration of 5%-15% did not affect the proliferation of the melanocytes (P>0.05), and the decoction at 20%-30% significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, especially at the optimal concentration of 30% (P<0.01). The decoction promoted melanin synthesis in the melanocytes at the concentration of 10%-15% with the optimal concentration of 15% (P<0.01) but failed to produce such an effect at 20%-30%.

CONCLUSIONLiuweidihuang Decoction exert a two-way regulation on the proliferation and melanin synthesis of cultured human melanocytes in vitro.

Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Melanins ; biosynthesis ; Melanocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different dose compatibility of Scutellaria baicalensis-Rheum palmatum-Coptis chinensis based on Sanhuang Xiexin decoction (shorted for Xiexin decoction) on dissolution rate of baicalin and baicalein, and to provide reference for studying chemical mechanism of TCM compound dose composition compatibility. METHODS: HPLC method was used to determine the contents of baicalin and baicalein. By fixing the dose of S. baicalensis (3 g), using the dose of R. palmatum and C. chinensis as factors, dissolution rate of baicalin and baicalein as response value, two-factor and five-level central composite test was designed. The optimal dose compatibility of S. baicalensis-R. Palmatum-C. chinensis was optimized by response surface method, and compared with the dissolution rate of baicalin and baicalein in classic dose Xiexin decoction (S. baicalensis 3 g, R. Palmatum 6 g, C. chinensis 3 g). RESULTS: When the doses of S. baicalensis, R. palmatum, C. chinensis were 3, 1. 76, 0. 17 g, total dissolution rate of baicalin and baicalein was the highest in extract. The average total dissolution rate of baicalin and baicalein in validation test was 21. 89％ (RSD=0. 46％, n=3),and the relative error was 2. 88％ with the predicted value of 22. 54％. Compared with the classical dose of Xiexin decoction, the total dissolution rate of baicalin and baicalein in the optimum dose of S. baicalensis-R. Palmatum-C. chinensis in extract was increased by 47. 21％. CONCLUSIONS: The different dose compatibility of S. baicalensis-R. Palmatum-C. chinensis based on Xiexin decoction influence the dissolution of baicalin and baicalein to certain extent. When the doses of S. baicalensis, R. palmatum, C. chinensis are 3, 1. 76, 0. 17 g, dissolution rate of baicalin and baicalein are higher than that of classic dose.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of campylobacter jejuni (CJ) infection and the drug resistance of CJ in children with diarrhea in Guangzhou.

METHODSThe fecal samples of 3,351 children with diarrhea between July 2005 and June 2008 were collected for CJ culture. The species of CJ strains were identified by Lior methods. The drug susceptibility tests were performed by the Kirby-Bauer method.

RESULTSTwo hundred and sixty-seven CJ strains (8.0%) were isolated from 3,351 samples. The children at age of 1 month to 1 year were susceptible to CJ, accounting for 91.0%. A higher incidence of CJ infection (76.8%) was found in summer and autumn. The CJ strains were susceptible to imipenem, amikacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, chloramphenicol, macrolides and lincomycins. Parts of CJ strains (20%-40%) were resistant to ampicillin, quinolones and ambramycin. All CJ strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and cefditoren. Two hundred and one strains (75.3%) were CJ biotype I.

CONCLUSIONSCJ is an important pathogen of diarrhea in children from Guangzhou. CJ is resistant to some antibiotics used often in clinical practice, and so it is thus important to use antibiotics based on the results of drug susceptibility tests in children with CJ infection.

Campylobacter Infections ; microbiology ; Campylobacter jejuni ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture at Baihui (GV20) in treating post-stroke executive dysfunction.Method Fifty-six eligible patients with post-stroke executive dysfunction were randomized into a treatment group (30 cases) and a control group (26 cases). The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture at Baihui and the control group was intervened by ordinary acupuncture. Before and after the intervention, the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) and Trail Making Test (TMT) were adopted to evaluate the executive function, and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was used to estimate the activities of daily living (ADL).Result Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in comparing the BADS, TMT and MBI scores between the two groups (P>0.05); after the treatment, each scale was improved significantly in both groups (P<0.05). The scores of Rule Shift Cards Test (RSCT), Key Search Test (KST), Temporal Judgment Test (TJT), Zoo Map Test (ZMT) and total point of BADS, TMT-A and MBI scores in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Baihui works effectively in improving the executive function of cerebral stroke patients.

This paper introduces the familiar mothed for standard clinic novitiate, lecture compiling, preparation before the classes and concrete execution. By compiling standard lecture, training the teaches, regulating the novitiate teaching quality for practical curricula can be improved.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the growth hormone gene (GH) promotor polymorphism (rs2854184) is associated with the occurrence or curve severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

METHODSTwo hundred and sixty-five AIS patients and 193 normal controls were recruited. The maximum Cobb angles were recorded in AIS patients. PCR-RFLP was used for the genotyping.

RESULTSThe genotype frequency distribution were AA 38.3%, AT 50.3%, TT 11.4% in AIS patients and AA 39.6%, AT 50.2%, 10.1% TT in controls for the promotor polymorphism rs2854184 in GH gene. It was comparable between AIS and normal control. The allele frequency distribution was also comparable between AIS and normal control. It was 63.5% for allele A, 36.5% for allele T in AIS patients and 64.7% for allele A, 35.3% for allele T in normal control. The mean maximum Cobb angle in AIS patients with AA, AT, TT genotypes were 33.8 degrees +/- 10.0 degrees, 36.4 degrees +/- 15.0 degrees, 34.5 degrees +/- 9.1 degrees, respectively, it was similar with each other.

CONCLUSIONThe GH gene promoter polymorphism is neither associated with the occurrence nor the curve severity of AIS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Human Growth Hormone ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Scoliosis ; genetics