BACKGROUND: The judgment of the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells after transplantation mainly depends on various genetic labeling in vivo, which are different in sensitivity and effectiveness, thus a method with powerful differential ability, high sensitivity and not restricted by sex is to be established.OBJECTIVE: To observe the DNA genetic loci of short tandem repeat in the blood samples of both donors and recipients before allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and those of recipients at different time points after transplantation.DESIGN: An observation measurement.SETTING: Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen Blood Center.PARTICIPANTS: Blood samples of 18 pairs of donors and recipients, who were successfully matched and accepted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, were selected from the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen Blood Center from February 2004 to December 2005. Among the 18 patients, there were 10 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 35 years old, including 6 cases of them were donated by relatives with blood relationship, and 12 cases by volunteers without blood relationship. Informed consents were obtained from all the participants.METHODS: The blood samples of both donors and recipients before transplantation and the blood samples of recipients after transplantation were collected, and the fluorescence labeling short tandem repeat technique was used to detect the 15 loci for short tandem repeat and Amelogenin sex locus, so that the differential loci between the donor and recipient could be screened. The engraftment and dynamic changes of the short tandem repeat genes of the donors in the recipients after transplantation were observed, the times for the earliest occurrences of short tandem repeat genes of the donors and the complete chimerism were recorded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Differential genes between the donors and recipients before transplantation;②Times for the earliest occurrences of short tandem repeat genes of the donors and the complete chimerism.RESULTS: All the 18 pairs of donors and recipients were involved in the final analysis of results. Satisfactory results of the typing at the 15 loci for short tandem repeat and 1 sex locus in the 18 pairs of samples of both donors and recipients before transplantation and the sample of the recipients after transplantation respectively. Averagely 12.4 (8-15) differential loci for short tandem repeat could be distinguished between the donors and recipients. ②After transplantation, short tandem repeat genes could be detected the earliest at 8 (5-14) days averagely, It took 14 (9-23) days averagely for short tandem repeat loci to convert from recipient type completely into donor type, and the engraftment converted from the recipient chimerism types completely into the donor types.CONCLUSION: The fluorescence labeling compound amplification of short tandem repeat technique can precisely measure the number of PCR products, describe the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells and the whole process of development. It can also provide accurate and timely information for the early judgement of engraftment, predicting failure of transplantation and controlling recurrence.

BackgroundGlaucoma is an optic neuropathy caused by structural damage of the optic nerve,and its early diagnosis is critical for arresting the irreversible damage of visual function. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows an early diagnosis of glaucoma by the measurements of the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber parameters. Objective This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of optic disc tomography and the measurement of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)thickness by spectral-domain OCT on the diagnosis of glaucomatous eye. MethodsIt was a noninterventional, cross-sectionalstudy. The optic disctopographic parameters and total and regional RNFL thickness were measured by RTVue OCT in 62 normal eyes and 67 glaucomatous eyes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve( ROC ) was used to assess the ability to differentiate glaucoma eyes from normal eyes of each testing parameter. This trial complied with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Clinical Trial Ethic Committee of Beijing TongrenHospital. All of the participants signed the written informed consent before any medical examination. Results In the comparison of demography ,the ages of patients, the mean deficiency( MD ) and pattern standard difference( PSD ) of perimetry were obviously larger in the glaucoma group, primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG ) group and primary closure-angle glaucoma(PACG) group than those of normal controls( P＜0. 01 ). No significant differences were found in the disc area between a total glaucoma group, POAG group or PACG group and normal group ( P =0. 101,0. 741 and 0. 652, respectively) ;however, the average RNFL thickness between normal eyes and glaucomatous eyes were significantly different( 109. 758 μm versus 79. 539 μm, P＜0. 01 ). Among the eight regions around the optic disc, the thickest RNFL located at the inferotemporal( 150. 109 μm) and superotemporal( 146. 105 μm) regions in normal eyes,and at the superotemporal( 104. 354 μm) and inferotemporal( 102. 436 μm) regions in glaucomatous eyes. Both in normal and glaucomatous eyes,the thinnest RNFL located at the nasal(NU+NL) and temporal(TU + TL) regions. For optic disc topographic parameters,the highest ROC were observed in rim volume( ROC--0. 850,0. 841 and 0. 862 in total glaucoma,POAG and PACG, respectively) and vertical cup/disc ratio( ROC =0. 840,0. 849 and 0. 830 in total glaucoma,POAG and PACG,respectively), and the sensitivities for specificity cutoff set at 80％ were 73.1％ and 76. 1％ in total glaucoma,73.0％ and 81.1％ in POAG and 73.3％ and 70.0％ in PACG, respectively. For RNFL thickness ,the highest ROC was observed in average RNFL( ROC =0. 925,0. 910 and 0. 942 in total glaucoma, POAG and PACG,respectively) ,and the sensitivities for specificity cutoff set at 80％ were 89. 6％ ,89.2％ and 90. 0％ in total glaucoma,POAG and PACG, respectively. Among the eight regions around the optic disc, RNFL thickness of region IT achieved the highest ROC, RNFL thickness of region TU and TL had the lowest ROC. Conclusions RTVue OCT appears to be of fair discriminating ability in distinguishing normal from glaucomatous eyes. RTVue OCT shows promise for the diagnosis of glaucoma.

Objective To establish a new rat model of biliary atresia by pure ethanol injection into the common bile duct.Methods A catheter was inserted and fixed in the common bile duct in male SD rats .Saline (8 rats) or pure ethanol (16 rats) was injected through the catheter ,respectively, and the biochemical and pathological changes in the rats were examined .Results SD rats in the experimental group were divided into a persistent injury and a restoration of liver dysfunction groups according to pathological and biochemical detection .In the persistent injury group , biochemical impair-ments were significantly higher at 8 weeks after ethanol injection than those in the control group and restoration group .Dis-tinct pathological changes in the liver were observed using HE , SMA, and Masson staining .Conclusions It is a reliable animal model of biliary atresia induced by injection of pure ethanol into the common bile duct in the rat .It will provide a useful tool in future studies of biliary atresia .

Aged ; B-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Histiocytic Sarcoma ; complications ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; etiology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; etiology ; pathology ; Male

Objective To observe the clinical,pathological features and prognosis of IgA nephropathy in children with crescent formation.Methods A total of 38 cases of children with IgA nephropathy diagnosed by renal biopsy at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether there were crescent formation,they were divided into crescents formation group (crescent formation≥10％,n=18) and control group consisting of children with complete clinical data and matching age,gender and course of disease (no crescent formation,n=20).The clinical,pathological features and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results Fourteen cases (77.78％) of crescents formation group were associated with nausea hematuria,and 12 cases (66.67％) had hypertension,8 patients in control group (40％) had gross hematuria,and 6 cases (30％)had high blood pressure.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).In crescents formation group,Alb and eGFR were significantly lower than those of control group.24 h urine protein and Scr were significantly higher than those of control group and there were significant statistically differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Nephropathological changes in crescent formation group were mainly in grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ and were usually combined with tubular interstitial damages.In addition to IgA immunoglobulin deposition,they often accompanied by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin deposition.In control group,nephropathological changes were mainly in grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ and tubular interstitial damages were rare.IgA was the main form of deposition in control group.After 12 weeks steroid treatment and (or) immunosuppressive therapy,urinary protein turned negative in 7 cases in crescent formation group,24 h urinary protein level declined by half than before in 7 cases and no obvious change in 4 cases.In control group,urinary protein turned negative in 12 cases,6 cases showed a more than 50％ decline in urinary protein level and 2 cases had no obvious change.During the 1-3 years of follow-up,renal function of 14 cases and 19 cases was normal in the crescent formation group and control group respectively,serum creatinine of 3 cases and 1 case increased mildly in the crescent formation group and control group respectively,1 case needed dialysis treatment in the crescent formation group and the one in the control group who had slightly increasement of Scr did not reach the standard of dialysis treatment.Conclusions The clinical and pathological manifestations of children with IgA nephropathy with crescent formation are more severe and more likely to manifest renal insufficiency,suggesting that crescent formation is one of the indicators of poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of ultrasound guided inter-scalene brachial plexus block and patient-controlled infraclavicular brachial plexus block for postoperative pain and surgical efficacy in patients with terrible tyriad of the elbow.

METHODSFrom March 2015 to August 2016, 60 patients with terrible tyriad of the elbows were treated in Ningbo No.6 Hospital with ASA I to II internal fixation. There were 32 males and 28 females, ranging in age from 16 to 70 years old, with a mean age of (55.6±18.2) years old. All the patients were divided into two groups(30 cases in each group): controlled intermuscular groove brachial plexus block (group C), infraclavicular brachial plexus block(group I). All catheters were placed using ultra-sound visualization and injected 0.33% ropivacaine 30 ml preoperatively. After regaining consciousness, all patients connected the electronic pump. The solution contained 0.2% ropiva-caine and the pump was setup to deliver a 5 ml bolus dose, with a 15 min lock out interval and background infusion at 5 ml/h. Both analgesia lasted until 5 d after operation. The patients underwent rehabilitation exercise everyday for 5 consecutive days starting from 24 h after operation.VAS score was recorded at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 4 d, 5 d after operation during rest and rehabilitation exercise time. The elbow articular range of motion and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) were recorded at 6 d after operation. Catheter-related adversereactions (such as oozing from the insertion site, obstruction, prolapse) were recorded.

RESULTSThe success rate of blockade was 100% during insertion in both groups. Compared with group C, the VAS score at 3 d during rest time and 3, 4, 5 d after operation during rehabili-tation exercise were decreased(2.5±0.5 vs. 3.8±1.1, 3.0±0.4 vs. 5.0±0.9, 2.5±0.4 vs. 4.5±1.2, 2.1±0.3 vs. 4.1±1.0,<0.05). The elbow articular range of motion and MEPS were increased(-2.19±18.01)° vs.(-8.19±12.16)°, (45.15±11.20)° vs. (22.15±7.02)°, (19.06±6.75)° vs. (9.10±2.48)°, (17.08±5.18)° vs. (10.12±3.15)°, (80.80±9.50) points vs. (64.90±11.21) points. The incidence of insertion site, obstruction, prolapse was 15, 5 and 10 cases respectively in group C, but without any catheter-related adverse reactions happened in group I (<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPatient-controlled infraclavieular brachial plexus block can be effectively used for postoperative pain after fixation for terrible tyriad of the elbows, and it can increase surgical outcome.

Background Since the measurement method establishment of serum ferritin abroad in early period of theseventies, the iron deficiency had been divided into two types: the non-anemia and anemia types. In orderto go step further studies, we must ertablish the bemoglobin targets of the two types. Methods One hurdred and fifty-two children in experimontal group, from 6 to 7 years old, and allcome from Qinghai province. There are 29 children in Xining city, 24 in Guide, 26 in Gongbe, 40 in Gui-nan and 33 in Maduo countics. There are 36 health children aged from 6 to 7 years old in the controlgroup, and all comes from Beijing. The Hb, RBC, HCT, HCTW and FEP wcre determined. Results The three targets correlating with Hb (Hb, MCH and MCHC); correlating with RBC (RBC,HCT and MCV); the two targets correlating with RBC_weight (HCTW and CMCW) and correlating withFEP of RBC(FEP and MCEP) have very significant difference between experimental group and control group. Conclusion The determination values of the 10 targets are not same in children in different districts,and the values of all the target: are increased on different degree along with the increase in altitude of ele-vation. There is very important significance on the studies of iron deficiency and altitude hypoxia to establish the normal values of the 10 targets.

Objective Pericardial effusion (PE) is a major complieation of atrial fibriuation ablation(AFB).We analyzed the incidence,risk factors and managements of PE post AFB(radiofrequency catheter ablation).Methods A total of 156 consecutive patients with AF [ male 108,paroxysmal AF 114, (57.6±11.3)years],who underwent AFB guided by a three-dimensional mapping system (CARTO or CARTO-Merge,Biosense-Webster Inc.Diamond Bar,California) and a circular mapping catheter(Lasso, Biosense-Webster Inc.Diamond Bar.California),were included in this study.The ablation strategy included Circumferential pulmonary veins isolation (CPVI).linear ablation and/or complex fraetionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) ablation.Electrophysiologieal data and vital signs of patients were recorded by a multiple physiological recorder (Prueka,GE Medical System) during ablation.Ablation process,sites,duration and other related factors wen als0 recorded. Eehocardiography and other examinations were performed for diagnosing and monitoring PE.Results CPVl were achieved in all 156 patients.Incidenee of PE Was 10.3%(16/156)post AFB.One patient developed acute cardiac tamponade and emergency drainage of the perieardial effusion was performed through a median stemotomy and patient recovered without eomplieations during the 18 months f0U0w-up.The rest 15 PE patients with small PE received outpatient care and no invaBive treatment wag needed and PE disappeared after 3 months in 6 patients and after 6 months in 9 patients.Univariate analysis showed that the composition of gender(P<0.01).ablation in coronary sinus (CS,P=0=026),ablation of CFAEs(P=0.037) and superior vena cava(SVC,P=0.041)were risk factors for PE.Logistic regression analysis showed that hmMe gender [β=3.594,exp(b)=36.4,95% confidence interval(Cl):4.2-312.1,P=0.001] and ablation in CS [β=2.419,exp(b)=11.2, 95%cl:1.0-124.6,P=0.049] were independent risk factors for PE post AFB.Conclusions PE iS a common complication of AFB,female gender and ablation in CS were independent risk factors for PE.Most PE patients experienced spontaneous recovery but emergency treatment Wag needed for patient with cardiac tamponade.

OBJECTIVETo understand whole body bone mineral and body composition changes in normal subjects, and study the relationship between body composition and bone mineral.

METHODS292 normal subjects aged 10-79 years old, including 140 males and 152 females, were selected to be measured bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) lean and fat of whole body by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Individuals were divided into age-groups by every ten years and were analyzed by statistical methods.

RESULTSIn males, peak values of BMC, BMD, lean and fat were in the 30-39, 20-39, 30-39, 70-79 age-groups. In females, they were in the 30-39, 30-39, 30-49, 50-69 age-groups respectively. Peak values of BMC, BMD and lean were higher in males than that in females, but peak value of BMD was not significantly higher in males than that in females. Peak value of fat was higher in females than that in males. Loss of BMC and BMD for females were more pronounced than that for males. Loss of lean for males was more pronounced than that for females. There are significant positive correlation between lean, weight and bone mineral in males and females. Fat has significant effect on BMC in females only.

CONCLUSIONSThe normal bone mineral and body composition data of whole body for males and females, and the characteristic of changes with aging are provided for analyzing the relationship between bone mineral and body composition with ease.

Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression and correlation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)and key enzymes both of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B( NF-KB) pathways in middle turbinate mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to investigate their roles in CRS pathogenesis.

METHODSTwenty-four lateral mucosa of CRS middle turbinates were equally divided into 3 groups according to FESS-97 Haikou criterion (CRS type I stage 2 in group 1, type II stage 2 in group 2, and type III in group 3), and 8 normal mucosa were enrolled as control. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescent real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of COX-2, ERK, p38MAPK, JNK and NF-kappaB subunits. The correlations between cox-2 and MAPK, NF-kappaB pathway were statistically treated by Pearson test.

RESULTSPositive expressions of COX-2, ERK, p38MAPK and NF-kappaB subunits were detected in CRS groups, which were stronger than those in control group, by immunohistochemistry and FQ-RT-PCR (P < 0.05). Statistic difference was not found among CRS groups (P > 0.05). Negative expression of JNK was detected in all groups. Significantly positive correlation between protein and RNA expression of COX-2,ERK,p38MAPK and NF-kappaB subunits in each CRS group was confirmed by Pearson correlation treatment (P < 0.05). Significantly positive correlation of protein and RNA expression between COX-2 and ERK, p38MAPK in same CRS group was also founded (P < 0.05). The expression of COX-2 and the nucleic expression of NF-kappaB subunits in same CRS group was proved to be positively correlated (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUpregulated expression of COX-2 is correlated with upstream ERK, p38MAPK and NF-kappaB pathway in CRS. It indicates the involvement of ERK, p38MAPK and NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway in regulation of COX-2 in CRS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sinusitis ; metabolism ; Turbinates ; metabolism ; Young Adult