Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer's disease.Methods Twenty male mice carrying mnutations in amyloid precusor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 genes,weighing 30-40 g,aged 7 months,were divided into either sevoflurane group (group Sev) or control group (group C),with 20 mice in each group.Mice inhaled 3％ sevoflurane for 4 h in group Sev,and mice inhaled 30％ oxygen for 4 h in group C.At 1 month after inhaling sevoflurane or oxygen,the mice underwent continuous multiple-trail inhibitory avoidance training.The mice were then sacrificed and hippocampi were isolated for determination of the number of Aβ plaques (by immunohistochemistry) and expression of APP and Tau (S396) phosphorylation (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,the memory lateucy was significantly shortened,the number of Aβ plaques was increased,the phosphorylation of Tau (S396) was increased,and the expression of APP was up-regulated in group Sev (P＜0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane can decrease the cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To evaluate Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with BMI range of 24 -29. Methods Thirty seven cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation were studied. Body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin ( GHbAlc), fasting glucose ( FPG), fasting insulin (FIns) and C-peptide( FC-p), HOMA-IR, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) including 2 hour insulin (2hIns) and C-peptide (2hC-p) , plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides(TG), high density lipoprotein( HDL-c)and low density lipoprotein ( LDL-c) were measured preoperatively and on 3 months, 6 months, later postoperatively. Result There was no statistically significant difference between BMI values measured preoperatively and postoperatively (P>0. 05 ). Serum levels measured in pre-operative and third and sixth post-operative months were: FPG (8. 8 ± 0. 9, 7. 0 ± 2. 0, 6. 3 ± 0. 6, P<0. 01) ( mmol/L) , GHbAlc (8.2±1.2, 7.0±0.8, 6.2±0.7, P<0.01)(%), FIns(10. 6 ±1. 2, 9.0±0.9, 9.0±0.8, P<0.05)(mU/L), FC-p(1.9±0.5, 1.2 ±0.6, 1.2 ±0.4, P<0. 01) (nmol/L), TG(3.3 ±0.8, 2.7 ±0.9,2.6±0.7, P<0.05)(mmol/L), TC(6.5±1.8, 4.6±0.9, 4.2 + 1.0, P<0. 05) (mmol/L)and LDL-c (3. 6 ±1.2, 2. 8 ±0.8, 2. 7 ±0.2, P<0.01) (mmol/L), 2 hour glucose after OGTT(2hPG) (18. 6 ±3.0, 12.7 ±2.3, 11.4±2.0, P<0. 01) (mmol/L), HOMA-IR(3. 2 ± 1. 7, 2.6±1.6, 2. 5 ±1.3, P<0. 05). Postoperative levels of HDL-c (1. 2 ± 0. 1, 1. 4 ± 0. 4, 1. 4 ± 0. 2, P<0. 01) ( mmol/L) , 2hIns (17. 2 ±3.4, 26. 3 ±4.7, 28. 6 ±4.1, P<0. 01) (mU/L)and 2hC-p(4. 2 ± 1. 0, 6. 3 ± 1. 5, 6. 2 ± 1.4,P<0. 01 ) ( nmol/L) were significantly higher than that of the pre-operative values ( P<0. 01 ).Conclusions Roux-en-Y gastric bypass significantly improves the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid in type 2 diabetes patients with BMI 24-29, and the effects are not associated with weight loss.

Objective To observe the effects of Roux-en-Y gastrointestinal reconstruction(RYGR) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes and gastric carcinoma.Methods Fifty seven gastric cancer cases who underwent radical distal gastrectomy were studied and among them 35 patients had Roux-en-Y gastrointestinal reconstruction (RYGR group) and 22 had Billroth-Ⅰ gastrointestinal reconstruction (B-I GR group).Both groups were subjected to the measuring of preoperative and postoperative third,sixth months values of body mass index (BMI),glycosylated hemoglobin (GHbA1c),fasting glucose (FPG),fasting insulin (Flns) and C-peptide (FC-P),oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) including 2 hour insulin (2hIns) and C-peptide (2hC-P),plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),high density lipoprutein (HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-c).Result There was no significant difference between the two groups in preoperative values (P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in BMI values measured postoperatively (P ＞ 0.05).In RYGR group,preoperative FPG and that of third and sixth month postoperatively was (9.3±0.9) mmol/L vs.(7.2±2.1) mmol/L vs.(7.1±0.8) mmol/L,P=0.000,GHbAlc was (9.2±1.2)% vs.(7.3±1.2)% vs.(7.2±1.1)%,P=0.000,TG was (3.21±0.88) mmol/L vs.(2.12±0.97) mmol/L vs.(2.02±0.09) mmol/L,P =0.000,TC was (6.4±1.9) mmol/L vs.(4.3±1.0) mmol/L vs.(4.1±1.0) mmol/L,P =0.000 and LDL-c was (3.61±1.05) mmol/L vs.(2.77±0.68) mmol/L vs.(2.71±0.18)mmool/L,P=0.000,2 hour glucose after OGTT(2hPG) was (17.6±2.5) mmol/L vs.(12.1±1.9) mmol/L vs.(11.6±2.3) mmol/L,P = 0.000.Levels of FIns was (98±11) pmol/L vs.(120±9)pmol/L vs.(122±8) pmol/L,P =0.000,FC-P was (0.21±0.08) mmol/L vs.(0.30±0.01) mmol/L vs.(0.30±0.01) mmol/L,P=0.000,HDL-c was (1.08±0.10) mmol/L vs.(1.61±0.34) mmol/L vs.(1.62±0.09) mmol/L,P = 0.000,2 h Ins was (410±19) pmol/L vs.(446±19) pmol/L vs.(459±18) pmol/L,P = 0.000 and 2 h C-P was (0.87±0.17) mmol/L vs.(1.22±0.14) mmol/L vs.(1.19±0.15) mmol/L,P =0.000.In B-I GR group,preoperative and third and sixth postoperative month values of GHbA1c were (9.2±1.2)% vs.(8.4±1.6)% vs.(8.3±1.1)%,P =0.046.Conclusion Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can significantly improve the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes and gastric carcinoma,and the effects are not related with postoperative weight loss.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Radius Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Skin ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with chromosomal analysis for the detection of Robertsonian translocation type trisomy 21 in amniotic fluid cells.

METHODSAmniotic fluid samples from pregnant women requesting prenatal diagnosis were cultivated. Metaphase cells were prepared for G-banding karyotype analysis. For the 5 Robertsonian translocation type trisomy 21, interphase nuclei from amniotic fluid and parental peripheral blood cells were prepared for FISH analysis.

RESULTSIn 2 cases, analysis of parental peripheral blood cells showed normal karyotypes. FISH analysis of amniotic fluid cells indicated that one sample had two copies of chromosome 21, which has a 46, XY, rob(21;21)(q10;q10) karyotype, whilst another had trisomy 21 by FISH, which has a 46, XY, rob(14;21)(q10;q10) karyotype. For the remaining three samples, analysis of parental peripheral blood cells indicated that their karyotypes were 45, XX, rob(14;21)(q10;q10), 45, XX, rob(15;21)(q10;q10) and 45, XX, rob(21;22)(q10;q10), whilst the karyotypes of amniotic fluid cells were 46, XX, rob(14;21)(q10;q10), 46, XY, rob(15;21)(q10;q10) and 46, XX, rob(21;22)(q10;q10), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCombined FISH and chromosomal analysis is an efficient method for detecting non-homologous Robertsonian translocation type trisomy 21. However, FISH has limited ability to detect homologous Robertsonian translocation type trisomy 21.

Adult ; Down Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Karyotyping ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Translocation, Genetic

Objective To discuss the fundamental principles and methods for planning,design and construction of the clinical laboratory.Methods The principles for planning,designing and constructing the clinical laboratory were summarized,and the key points for planning and designing,the considerations and etc were discussed.Results The principles took considerations on the characteristics of the clinical laboratory,practicability and feasibility,and contributed to establishing the clinical laboratory with advantages in bio-safety,internal partition and optimized clinical laboratory examination.Conclusion The principles can facilitate the building,reconstruction,rebuilding and expansion for other laboratories and standardize the planning,design and construction of the clinical laboratory.

Objective To study the associations between daily mortality and the status of exposure to air pollution.Methods A time-series analysis was conducted to assess the relations between acute mortality and exposure to respiratory particulate matter (PM10),sulfur-dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in urban residents of Guangzhou (2004-2008),using Poisson regression.Results Through controling the factors as temperature,relative humidity,age,gender and time,significant increases were observed in all-cause mortality of 0.94％ (0.79-1.09) for PM10,1.55％(1.31-1.78) for NO2,and 1.09％ (0.91-1.27) for SO2,per 10 μg/m3,when increase of the lagging 2-day average concentrations of air pollution was seen,in Guangzhou.Stronger effects of exposure to air pollution were found on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality,as well as in elderly( ≥65 years) and female population.Conclusion Our results suggested that exposure to ambient pollution was significantly associated with the increase of excess risks,on total and cardio-respiratory mortality in the residents of Guangzhou.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Yersinia pestis capsular antigen F1 and recombinant rV270 on mice after immunization with them.Methods According to body weight,40 female Balb/c mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into four experimental groups(Fl-10 μg + aluminum adjuvant,F1-20 μg + aluminum adjuvant,rV-10 μg + aluminum adjuvant,and rV-20 μg + aluminum adjuvant) and a control group,8 in each group.Mice in experimental groups were immunized with the natural antigen F1 and recombinant antigen rV270 adsorbed to 25％ aluminum adjuvant and the control group was immunized with the same amount of aluminum adjuvant.Each mouse was immunized at the hind leg muscle with 100 ml immunizing agent,then a booster immunization was done once on the 21st day after the first immunization.The blood of all mice was collected on the 8th week after the first immunization,serum antibody titers were detected by ELISA and the data of antibody titers were analyzed by t test for comparison between groups.At the same time the mice were injected subcutaneously with 2000-fold LD50 of Yersinia pestis virulent strain 141,after 14 days,the protective effect of immunization was analyzed.Results The control group did not produce antibody.Antibody geometric mean titers (GMT) of the F1-10 mg + aluminum adjuvant and F1-20 mg + aluminum adjuvant groups were 1 ∶ 30443.9,and 1 ∶21527.8,respectively,and compared between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant (t =1.1282,P ＞ 0.05).The GMTs of the rV-10 μg + aluminum adjuvant and rV-20 μg + aluminum adjuvant groups were 1 ∶ 13957.3 and 1 ∶18100.9,respectively,and compared between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant(t =0.9408,P ＞ 0.05 ).After subcutaneous injection with Yersinia pestis virulent strain 141,all mice died in the control group but all survived in the experimental group.Conclusion The immune activity of natural antigen F1 and recombinant rV270 is high,which can be used as the main component of subunit vaccine in the plague subunit vaccine study.

The present study aims to investigate the lignan constituents from Sambucus williamsii and their proliferation effects on osteoblast-like UMR106 cells. Seven compounds were isolated and purified by macroporous resin D101, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40, ODS column chromatographies and Preparative HPLC(C-18). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as threo-guaiacylglycerol-beta-0-4'-conifery ether (1), lirioresinol A (2), 1-hydroxypinoresinol (3), 5-methoxybalanophonin (4), balanophonin (5), 5-methoxy-trans-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (6), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7). Compounds 3-7 were obtained from this genus for the first time. The proliferation effects of all isolated compounds on osteoblast-like UMR106 cells were determined. Compounds 1-7 (1 x 10(-12)-1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1)) increased UMR106 cell proliferation to some extent.
Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Lignans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Sambucus ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate ultrasonography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of testicular tumor.

METHODSUltrasound findings and post-operation pathological results were retrospectively studied in 172 men with testicular mass 1998 to 2005.

RESULTSOf the total number, 50 cases were testicular hematoma, 13 testicular cyst, 26 testicular inflammatory node, 25 testicular tuberculosis and 58 testicular tumor. Among 59 testicular tumor cases, 50 were germ cell tumor (including 41 cases of seminoma and 9 cases of nonseminoma germ cell tumor), 6 were non-germ cell tumor and 3 were secondary tumor. The sonographic features of typical seminoma, teratomas, epidemic cyst, interstitial cell tumor and malignant lymphoma were obvious.

CONCLUSIONUltrasonography, contributive to the preliminary diagnosis and differential diagnosis of testicular tumor and capable of evidence for further treatment, can be the first choice in medical imaging for the diagnosis of testicular tumors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; diagnostic imaging ; Hematoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Seminoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Teratoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Testicular Diseases ; surgery ; Testicular Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography