Objective To compare the clinical and pathological features of Chinese young breast cancer(age ≤ 35)with elder patients(> 35)using Meta analysis .Methods Published studies concerning clinical and pathological features of young breast cancer in China were searched systemically and assessed .Stata12 .0 software was used for data analyzing and calculating OR and its 95%CI .Results Totally 31 studies were selected for Meta analysis ,and most of them were classified as 6 - 7 scores ,which showed the quality of articles was high .The risk factors of breast cancer and its pooled odds ratio values with statistical significance were as fol‐lows 6 .42(95% CI :4 .22 - 9 .79) ,0 .61(95% CI :0 .50 - 0 .74)when clinical staging of 0 - Ⅱ phase or Ⅰ - Ⅱ phase ,2 .25(95% CI :1 .69 - 2 .99)when histological type of Invasive carcinoma ,1 .73(95% CI :1 .23 - 2 .43)when histological grade of III grade ,1 .80 (95% CI :1 .23 - 2 .43)when positive of lymph node metastasis .Conclusion Compared with elder breast cancer ,the clinical and pathological characteristics of young breast cancer were mainly for the high misdiagnosis rate ,the late clinical stage ,the high pro‐portion invasive carcinoma ,the poor histological differentiation and the lymph node metastasising easily ,the hint of young breast cancer screening and treatment may be different principles and measures should be adopted .

To study the link between BRAFV600E status and the expression of BIM gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma( PTC) tissues and to analyze the association of these factors with clinicopathological characteristics. BRAFV600E status was determined by MASA-PCR, and qPCR was applied to detect the expression of BIM gene. Finally, the associations of these factors with clinicopathological characteristics were analysed. The rate of mutant BRAFV600E in PTC was 54. 1% , and the expression of BIM gene was lowered in BRAFV600E positive PTC tissues. Additionally, there was significant association( P < 0. 05) between BRAFV600E positiveness and raised TNM Staging (Ⅲ/ Ⅳ), and lowered BIM expression was significantly associated (P<0. 05) with the tumor size and raised TNM Staging(Ⅲ/ Ⅳ). These findings may help us to know more about the mechanism of PTC and to develop new diagnostic biomarkers or prognostic indicators of PTC.

BACKGROUNDThis study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the different characteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.

METHODSThe impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69 patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with a series of frequencies set between 100 Hz - 100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.

RESULTSOf the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5 showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown in the EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take the following pattern: adipose tissue > cancerous tissue > mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.

CONCLUSIONSThere are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue and healthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandular tissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in the EIS results.

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Electric Impedance ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of a novel biomaterial in repairing large cranial defects in rats.

METHODSEighteen SD rats were used to establish rat modes of large cranial defect (8 mm in diameter). The rat models were randomized into 3 groups and the cranial defects were repaired using different scaffold materials, namely CPC paste prepared with distilled water (CPC control group), CPC paste mixed with 10% chitosan (CPC/CN group), or CPC paste with 10% chitosan and 300 mg adenosine (CPC/CN/AD group). The defects were examined 12 weeks after the surgery with X-ray, CT, HE staining and quantitative assessments.

RESULTSX-ray showed that the defect was repaired in all the groups. The fracture line became obscure and the defects were almost fully repaired by regenerated bone tissues in CPC/CN/AD group, which was consistent with CT findings. In all the 3 groups, HE staining revealed the presence of new bones in the defects and new vessels in and around the new bones without inflammatory cells. The new bone area was significantly greater in CPC/CN/AD group than in CPC/CN group and CPC control group (P<0.05). The new vessel density was the highest in CPC/CN/AD group (P>0.05) but similar between CPC/CN group and CPC control group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThis novel calcium phosphate cement pre-loaded with chitosan and small molecule adenosine can better promote bone regeneration than calcium phosphate cement for repairing large bone defects to serve as a good replacement material for bone regeneration.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological characteristics of dermal fibroblasts of the diabetic rats with deep partial thickness scald, and to explore its relationship with delayed wound healing due to diabetes.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 g were randomly divided into control (NM, n=40) and STZ-induced diabetic (DM, n=50) groups, and then deep partial thickness scald involving 10% TBSA were reproduced in the two groups. Skin samples were harvested from the wounds on 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 post scald day (PSD) for the determination of certain histological characteristics.

RESULTSThe thickness of dermis layer in DM group before injury was obviously thinner than that in NM group (P < 0.01). There was an infiltration of a large amount of chronic inflammatory cells and increased content of cutaneous glucose in the dermal tissue in DM group (2.77 mg/g) compared with 0.85 mg/g in NM group, (P < 0.01). An accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was found in the dermal tissue in DM group. After the scalding, the percentage of fibroblasts in S phase and hydroxyproline synthesis in DM group was evidently lower than those in NM group. But the apoptosis rate of fibroblasts was much higher in DM group than that in NM group (P < 0.05 or 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIt is found that the high contents of glucose and AGEs in diabetic skin exert untoward effects on biological characteristics of dermal fibroblast, probably constituting one of the underlying mechanisms of delay wound healing of scald in diabetic rats.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; metabolism ; pathology ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible mechanism of L-arginine supplementation on the angiogenesis of burn wounds in diabetic rats.

METHODSOne hundred male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in the study and were randomly divided into A (scalding control, n = 25), B (scalding of the rats with diabetes, n = 25), C (L-glycine control, n = 25) and D (L-arginine supplementation, n = 25) groups. Diabetes was produced by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in B, C and D groups. The rats in C and D groups were gavaged with L-glycine and L-arginine in dose of 200 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), respectively. The glucose content of the back skin tissue was determined for five rats in each group eight weeks after STZ administration. Deep partial thickness scalding of 20% TBSA was engendered on the back in the other 80 rats. The wound area, wound healing rate, and microvascular density with CD34 immunohistochemistry staining were determined on 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st post scalding days (PSDs), In addition, the amount of nitric oxide (NO) released from the wound tissue and the tissue contents of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) from wound were determined at the above time points.

RESULTSCompared to those in group B, the wound healing rate in group D increased significantly since the 7th PSD [(44.10 +/- 3.50)%, P < 0.05], and the wound MVD value was increased significantly at all postburn time points. Furthermore, the levels of VEGF, NO and TGF-beta1 in the wound tissue was also increased significantly, while the glucose content in the cutaneous tissue was decreased to (1.380 +/- 0.120) mg/g.

CONCLUSIONL-arginine supplementation could be beneficial to the angiogenesis in the burn wound of the rats with diabetes, as well as to wound healing by increasing the synthesis and the release of VEGF, NO and TGF-beta1 from burn wound and by decreasing the glucose content in the cutaneous tissue of diabetic rats.

Animals ; Arginine ; therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Burns ; metabolism ; therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; therapy ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Wound Healing ; physiology

Objective:To compare the feasibility and safety of a new portable endoscopic system and the conventional endoscopic system for the detection and emergency treatment of abdominal trauma in animal models.Methods:Three healthy Bama pigs, which were fasted and water deprivation for 8 h before surgery and then underwent induction anesthesia. A layer-by-layer incision was made into the abdominal cavity of Bama pigs. An artificial pneumoperitoneum was established using a laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum machine. A bullet model was inserted into the abdominal cavity to build the bullet wound model. After the bullet model was removed, a shrapnel model was inserted into the mid-abdomen to build the shrapnel wound model. The two types of endoscopic system were used to detect, remove bullet model or shrapnel model of the three Bama pigs respectively. The procedure order of the two systems was assigned according to the random number table method. The surgical success, operation time, endoscopy pipeline patency, endoscopic operation satisfaction, adverse events and equipment defects were recorded.Results:Three surgeries were performed using the new portable endoscopic system and three other surgeries using the conventional endoscopic system, all of which were successful. The time of the new portable endoscopic system to find and remove the bullet model, and the shrapnel model were 232.33±11.68 s, 300.33±57.70 s, 170.00±44.44 s and 52.67±2.52 s, respectively. The corresponding time of the conventional endoscopic system were 232.67±21.20 s ( t=-0.054, P=0.962), 256.67±67.00 s ( t=0.880, P=0.472), 176.00±52.42 s ( t=-0.111, P=0.922), 58.67±14.84 s ( t=-0.832, P=0.493), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two systems ( P>0.05). The endoscopy tubes of the two endoscopic systems were both smooth. The operator was satisfied with the endoscopic procedures of both endoscopic systems, and no adverse event or device defect occurred. Conclusion:The portable endoscopic system proves to be safe and feasible for the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal trauma in animal models.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Disulfides ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Sulfoxides

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of dermal template on the biomechanical compliance of wound tissue during wound repair.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-four SD rats subjected to full-thickness skin loss on the dorsum were enrolled in the study, and they were randomly divided into A (n = 6, without grafting on wound), B (n = 6, with full thickness skin grafting on wound), C (n = 6, with razor thin skin grafting on wound) and D [n = 6, with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and razor thin skin grafting on wound] groups. The tissue samples from the wounds were harvested 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 20 weeks after the operation. The biomechanical compliance of the wound was assessed by Instron biomechanics tensiometer. The expression of alpha-SMA in the dermal fibroblasts of each group was determined by immunohistochemistry (ABC) method.

RESULTSThe biomechanical compliance of the wound in D group was higher than that in A and C groups (P < 0.05), but lower than that in B group during 4 to 20 weeks after operation (P < 0.05). The expression of alpha-SMA in D group (7.53 +/- 0.98)% was lower than that in A (26.99 +/- 2.90)% and C (2.18 +/- 2.79)% groups (P < 0.01), but higher than that in B group at 4 weeks after operation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDermal template might affect the scar formation during wound healing, in improving wound healing quality by enhancing the biomechanical compliance of wound tissue.

Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Compliance ; Dermis ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin, Artificial ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effect of dihydromyricetin (DMY) against lipid accumulation in light of the lipophagy pathway and the inhibitory effect of DMY on HepG2 cell proliferation. METHODS: LO2 cells were cultured in the presence of 10% FBS for 24 h and treated with 100 μg/mL DMY, or exposed to 50% FBS for 24 h followed by treatment with 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL DMY; the cells in recovery group were cultured in 50% FBS for 24 h and then in 10% FBS for another 24 h. Oil red O staining was used to observe the accumulation of lipid droplets in the cells, and the levels of TC, TG, and LDL and activities of AST, ALT and LDH were measured. The expression of LC3 protein was detected using Western blotting. AO staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the numbers of autophagolysosomes and autophagosomes, respectively. The formation of autophagosomes was observed with MDC staining, and the mRNA expression levels of LC3, ATG7, AMPK, mTOR, p62 and Beclin1 were determined with q-PCR. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effect of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL DMY on cell cycle and apoptosis of HepG2 cells; DNA integrity in the treated cells was examined with cell DNA fragmentation test. RESULTS: DMY treatment and pretreatment obviously inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced the levels of TC, TG, LDL and enzyme activities of AST, ALT and LDH in LO2 cells (P < 0.05). In routinely cultured LO2 cells, DMY significantly promoted the formation of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes and upregulated the expression of LC3 protein. DMY obviously attenuated high FBS-induced inhibition of autophagosome formation in LO2 cells, up- regulated the mRNA levels of LC3, ATG7, Beclin1 and AMPK, and downregulated p62 and mTOR mRNA levels (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In HepG2 cells, DMY caused obvious cell cycle arrest, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced late apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. CONCLUSION DMY reduces lipid accumulation in LO2 cells by regulating the AMPK/ mTOR-mediated lipophagy pathway and inhibits the proliferation of HepG2 by causing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Autophagy ; Beclin-1 ; Cell Proliferation ; Flavonols ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lipids ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism*