Objective To investigate the dose distribution of esophageal stents carrying different diameters of radioactive 125I seeds in tumor target area. Methods A laser scanner was used to scan a piece of blank paper on which circles of 12 mm, 14 mm and 16 mm diameter and a 5 cm scale were drawn. The data were stored in JPEF format on the computer desktop. According to the circular diameter, simulations of the corresponding esophageal stents were established, which were divided into group A, group B and group C. By using image conversion program, 17 images with 5 mm slice-distance were created for each group; the images were transmitted to the computer treatment planning system (TPS) to simulate the 8 cm long esophageal stents of different diameters. TPS was used to sketch the gross tumor volume (GTV) in order to simulate the esophageal stent border that was used as the inner boundary of GTV, which was expanded 0.5 cm outward to be used as the external boundary of GTV. Beginning from the fifth level, the 4 cm-long GTV was drawn with circles. Setting the same prescription dose, from the fifth level to the thirteenth level the 125I seeds with 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 mCi were successively loaded on the simulation of the esophageal stents. The distance between 125I seed layers was 1 cm; the average number of seeds distributed on each layer was 4 particles. The dose volume histogram (DVH) was obtained. The D90 (the dose received by 90% of the target) and V90 (the percentage of the GTV volume receiving 90% the prescription dose) were recorded.Result s The arithmetic mean D90 of group A, B and C was (77.24 ±19.92) Gy, (69.56 ±25.27) Gy and (56.38±20.08) Gy respectively, and no statistically significant differences existed between each other among the three groups (F=0.84,P=0.44). The V90 of group A, B and C was (77.76±30.73)%,(76.79±25.92)%and (64.10 ±32.49)% respectively, and no statistically significant differences existed between each other among the three groups (F=0.46,P=0.64). Conclusion When the diameter of radioactive esophageal stent is 12 mm, the activity of 125I seed of 0.6 mCi is recommended. When the diameter of radioactive esophageal stent is 14 mm or 16 mm, the activity of 125I seed of 0.7 mCi is recommended. Nevertheless, when the diameter of radioactive esophageal stent is 16 mm, distribution of every five 125I seeds on each layer is strongly recommended. These three kinds of esophageal stent diameter have no significant effect on the dosimetric parameters.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of different puncturing approaches in the performance of CT-guided 125I seed implantation for the treatment of retroperitoneal malignant tumors. Methods The clinical data of twenty-five patients with retroperitoneal malignant tumors, who had underwent CT-guided 125I seed implantation, were retrospectively analyzed. The puncturing approaches included trans-hepatic route, trans-gastric route, trans-duodenal route, and through mesentery and through thoracolumbar iliocostalis. The malignant tumors included retroperitoneal lymph node metastases (n=21) and pancreatic cancer (n=4). Preoperative full bowel preparation was carried out in all patients, and treatment planning was formulated by using treatment planning system (TPS) before the procedure. Under CT guidance, proper puncturing approach was selected according to lesion's location. One to 3 needles were used to implant 125I seeds. Immediately after 125I seed implantation, CT scanning was performed to check the distribution of 125I seeds. Results CT-guided 125I seed implantation was successfully completed in all patients. The puncturing approaches used in this series included trans-hepatic route (n=21), trans-gastric route (n=9), trans-duodenal route (n=2), through mesentery (n=2) and through thoracolumbar iliocostalis (n=5). After the operation, no procedure-related complications such as bleeding, peritonitis, hematemesis or melena occurred in all patients. The postoperative 125I particle number, total activity and peripheral dose (D90) were not significantly different from the preoperative data. Conclusion The use of the five puncturing approaches mentioned above is clinically safe and feasible. Strict perioperative management measures should be carefully executed when through cavity organ implantation is employed.

Objective:This study investigates the significance of human papilloma virus (HPV) subtype detection in opportunis-tic screening for cervical cancer in Uygur and Han women. Methods:Flow-through hybridization gene chip and thin-prep cytology test were used to detect HPV in cervical cell samples from 1140 females. A total of 428 patients had undergone cervical biopsies through colposcopy. The diagnostic results of the HPV subtype test for cervical lesions were evaluated on the basis of histology. Results:Total HPV infection rate for the 1140 cervical samples was 30.3%. The most common HPV subtypes were HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV18, and HPV45. HPV52 infection rate was higher in Han women than in Uygur women, with statistically significant differences between the two (χ2=8.737, P=0.003). Among these cervical samples, the single HPV infection rate was 22.4%(255/1140), whereas the multiple HPV infection rate was 6.1% (69/1140). The sensitivity and specificity of the HPV subtype test for cervical lesions were 86.4% and 24.5%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 58.5%and 59.3%. Conclusion:HPV infection subtypes in Ugyur and Han women have unique characteristics. Subtype detection is important in opportunistic screening for cervical cancer.

Objective To observe the safety and efficiency of SpO_2 -Allen's test in peri -puncture radial artery cannulation for invasive blood monitor. Methods 50 patients were selected for the radial artery cannulation in surgical intensive care unit(SICU). All of them were still sober. All of the patients were examined by SpO_2 -Allen's test and Allen's test before radial artery cannulation, 3 days after puncture and after pulling out the cannula. Resluts The results of Allen's test of 42 patients were negative,while those of 49 patients were negative in SpO_2 - Allen's test. Statistics difference existed between group of SpO_2 - Allen's text and group of Allen's text(P

Objective To discuss the feasibility, efficacy and complications of CT-guided 125I seed implantation for the treatment of lymph node metastasis nearby the iliac vessels.Methods The clinical data of twelve patients with para-iliac vessel lymph node metastasis, who had been treated with CT-guided 125I seed implantation, were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 12 lesions were detected; the diameter ≤6 cm was seen in seven lesions, and the diameter >6 cm was seen in five lesions. Using computer treatment planning system, the source distribution was calculated. Under CT guidance 125I seeds with the activity of 0.4-0.7 mci were implanted into the metastatic lymph nodes with a seed interval of 0.5-1.0 cm. CT scan was performed immediately after implantation to check the distribution of seeds as well as the possible complications. After the treatment, D90 (90%prescription dose received by target volume) was ≥75 Gy in 6 patients and <75 Gy in other 6 patients. Two months after the treatment CT reexamination was employed, and imaging evaluation was conducted according to WHO Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Results CT-guided 125I seed implantation was successfully accomplished in all 12 patients. Two months after the treatment, the evaluation of the therapeutic effect showed that complete remission (CR) was obtained in 0 patient, partial remission (PR) in 8 patients, stable disease in 3 patients and progress disease in one patient;and the total effect rate(CR+PR) was 66.7%. The local control rate was 91.7%. In eight patients the pain that was caused by metastatic lymph nodes was significantly relieved within 1-14 days after 125I implantation treatment. Before the treatment three patients had lower limb edema, and in two of them the lower limb edema was obviously relieved within 1-14 days after the treatment. All patients were followed up for 3-39 months, and the median follow-up time was 11 months. One-year survival rate was 41.7%. No severe complications such as massive hemorrhage, infection, myelosuppression or seed displacement occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of para-iliac vessel lymph node metastasis, CT-guided 125I seed implantation is safe and feasible. Better curative effect may be achieved when the diameter of the metastatic lymph node is<6 cm and the peripheral radiation dose is>75 Gy.

4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase is a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in higher plant and may regulate the biosynthesis of ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis. In this study, the homology-based cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique were used to clone a full length cDNA encoding 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase gene (4CL), and then qRT-PCR was taken for analyzing 4CL gene expression levels in the root, stem and root tissue at different growth stages of seedlings of A. sinensis. The results showed that a full-length 4CL cDNA (1,815 bp) was obtained (GenBank accession number: KT880508) which shares an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 632 bp, encodes 544 amino acid polypeptides. We found 4CL gene was expressed in all tissues including leaf, stem and root of seedlings of A. sinensis. The expressions in the leave and stem were increased significantly with the growth of seedlings of A. sinensis (P < 0.05), while it in the root showed little change. It indicates a time-space pattern of 4CL gene expression in seedlings of A. sinensis. These findings will be useful for establishing an experiment basis for studying the structure and function of 4CL gene and elucidating mechanism of ferulic acid biosynthesis and space-time regulation in A. sinensis.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Angelica sinensis ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Coenzyme A Ligases ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data

Objective To study the effective dose and precaution time of the irradiation of the close contact from the radiators who underwent implantation of radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds so as to guide scientifically people how to avoid radiation damage.Methods Twenty patients with different types of cancer underwent implantation of radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds with the median value of implantation depth of 2.16 cm.Within 24hs after the operations the dose rates 30 cm and 100 cm from the skin were measured with pocket-size radiometer so as to imitate the situations of the close contacts.The effective doses and precaution times of different persons were calculated according to relevant formula.Results The dose rate a person received at the same time points (1,54,78,and 109 d,respectively) decreased along with the increase of the distance from the skin (t =5.962,5.961,5.961,5.962,P ＜ 0.05).and the dose rate a person received at the same distance from the skin decreased along with the extension of time (30 cm:t =6.236,6.236,6.235,P＜0.05;100 cm:t=7.310,7.315,7.314,P＜0.05).At different time points,the dose rates at 30 cm distance point were all significant higher than those at the 100 cm point (P ＜0.05).The adult living together,minors and pregnant women sharing the room,colleagues,adults who slept together with the patients began to reach the 50％ dose constraint values 0,54,78 and 109 days after the operation.Conclusions After their precaution time,it's safe to contact with the patients for the groups;otherwise,it's necessary to take some protect works within the precaution time.

Objective To study the dosimetric effect of two source patterns, including equal spacing and peripheral dense intermediate sparse by assuming a tumor shrinking speed of 20%per month after 125 I seed implantation. Methods A virtual cylindrical tumor with 4 cm in height and 5 cm in diameter was contoured on a three-dimensional treatment planning system ( TPS ) . Two groups of preoperative plans were made with 1. 85 × 107 Bq 125 I seeds using two source patterns respectively. It was assumed that the tumor height was unchanged, while the diameter of tumor would decrease at a speed of 20%per month, and the locations of seeds would concentrate towards the tumor core. The 90%target volume dose ( D90 ) , the ratio of 90%isodose volume over the target volume ( V90 ) , and the ratio of 150%isodose volume over the target volume (V150) were calculated at 0, 1, 2, 3 months after 125I implantation respectively. Results In equal spacing group, 85 seeds were implanted. The values of D90 were 126. 20, 130. 41, 133. 82 and 139. 48 Gy after 0, 1, 2 and 3 months respectively. The values of V90 were 97. 0%, 98. 1%, 99. 3%and 100%, while those of V150 were 70. 2%, 69. 9%, 71. 1% and 71. 5%. The dense in-periphery and sparse-in the middle group was loaded with 75 seeds. The D90 values were 126. 46, 125. 41, 123. 50 and 128. 83 Gy, the V9095. 2%, 95. 7%, 94. 9%and 97. 6%, and the V15052. 8%, 60. 4%, 62. 7%and 59. 3%after 0, 1, 2 and 3 months, respectiviely. Conclusions When the tumor diameter reduces at a rate of 20%per month after 125 I seed implantation, the expected tumor dose absorption will gradually increase using the equal spacing sources pattern. However, the expected dose does not vary withsource distribution of dense-in the-surrounding and sparse-in-middle, which also reduces high dose volume more than the equal spacing pattern.

As a standard method for early stage prostate cancer, 125Ⅰ seed implantations are used widely in America. Although there are guidelines from American Brachytherapy Society and American Association of Physicists in Medicine, some hospitals still cannot implant the seeds properly according to the guidelines. Complications were observed inevitably. The medical events about seeds implantation in America from 2002 were investigated and the reasons were analyzed in this paper. Additionally, some solutions were given to avoid the medical events, so that the practitioners in China can learn from it and make sure the 125Ⅰ seeds implantation can be developed healthily and smoothly.

Objective:To explore an ideal method for establishing a mouse model of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).Methods:CAG mouse models were established with five different modeling methods ( N-methyl- N′-nitro- N-nitrosoguanide (MNNG), sodium salicylate, sodium deoxycholate, Helicobacter pylori infection, and combinations of them) in BALB/c and C57 mice. The effect of each modeling method was evaluated by histological observation of gastric mucosa, plasma biochemical parameters, inflammatory response score, and the expression of anti-inflammatory factors. Results:The results of histological observation of gastric mucosa showed that all of the 5 methods could successfully establish CAG mouse models. In BALB/c mice, compared with the healthy control group, significant features of CAG accompanied with intestinal metaplasia was found in the model group established by combination of MNNG-free drinking, 2% sodium salicylate and 20 mmol sodium deoxycholate. From the results of serological detection, compared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression levels of related anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-2, interleukin-10, interleukin-13 and growth differentiation factor-15 of each model group decreased, which indicated that the mice of each CAG model group had different degrees of inflammation. The results of plasma biochemical parameters indicated that plasma gastrin of each group decreased and the ratio of pepsinogen Ⅰ and pepsinogen Ⅱ significantly dropped. The above results demonstrated that in BLAB/c mice, MNNG-free drinking, 2% sodium salicylate and 20 mmol sodium deoxycholate was better than other four modeling methods. For C57 mice, it was also found that simple chemical drug mutagenesis and Helicobacter pylori replication method both could successfully establish CAG models. No matter from pathological observation, relative expression of anti-inflammatory factors and analysis of plasma biochemical parameters, the effects of combination of the two methods was better. Conclusion:The CAG mouse model established by MNNG-free drinking, 2% sodium salicylate and 20 mmol sodium deoxycholate can provide a certain reference for the establishment and application of mouse model in CAG experiments in the future for pharmacological research.