Objective To observe the changes of body weight,fat mass and skeletal muscle mass of rats after 4 weeks of intermittent fasting,and explore relationship with autophagy in skeletal muscle,so as to provide theoretical basis for intermittent fasting.Method Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (Con) and an intermittent fasting group (IF),each of 10.The rats of IF group were forbidden to eat food every Wednesday and Friday,and the body weight of both groups was recorded weekly.After 4 weeks,Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorption (DEXA) was used to analyze the body fat mass,then the bilateral soleus was separated to record the wet weight and measure the cross-sectional area of the soleus fibers by testing laminin with immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope.The form of autophagic vacuole of soleus was observed using a transmission electron microscopy.The expression of autophagy-related protein LC3,p62 and regulating protein AMPK,pAMPK and ULK1 were measured using Western blotting.Result After 4 weeks of intermittent fasting,the weight and fat mass of IF were significantly lower than those of Con (P＜0.01),but there were no significant differences between them in wet weight and cross-sectional area of soleus (P＞0.05).The expressions of AMPK,p-AMPK,ULK1 in IF were significantly higher than those in Con (P＜0.01).Compared with Con,the expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ of IF increased significantly,while the expression of p62 decreased significantly (P＜0.01).Conclusion Four weeks of intermittent fasting decreases the fat mass significantly,and control the weight efficiently.Intermittent fasting can maintain the skeletal muscle mass by promoting moderate autophagy through the AMPK-ULK1 pathway.It should be a potential lose weight method for further research.

There are a large amount of neural stem cells in the olfactory system which have an active proliferation, ongoing and direc-tional differentiation and migration in order to adapt to the changing environment. The clinical findings showed that the early stages of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease all presented dysosmia. In recent years, the relationship be-tween air pollution and dysosmia attracts public concerns. This article introduced some research progresses in this field.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using low volume of low concentration isotonic contrast medium for 320 row coronary CT angiography.Methods 64 patients whose heart rate 70 beats per minute or less,normal cardiac rhythm,BMI≤24 kg/m2 were scanned using a 320 row dynamic volume CT with the tube voltage of 100 kVp and injection of contrast medium with a concentration 270 mg I/mL.Prospective ECG gating technique and adaptive iterative dose reduction algorithm reconstruction were used.In group A,22 patients were injected 50 mL contrast medium by a rate of 5.0 mL/s.In group B,21 patients were injected with the dosage of contrast medium calculated by 0.7 mL/kg and injection rate was 4.5 mL/s.In group C,21 patients were injected with the dosage of contrast medium calculated by 0.6 mL/kg and the injection rate was 4.0 mL/s.The attenuation value,signal-to-noise(SNR),con-trast-to-noise ratio(CNR),image quality and iodine intake between three groups were compared using One-Way ANOVA .Results There was no significantly statistical difference of age,sex ratio,BMI,heart rate between the three groups (P >0.05).However,the dosage of the contrast agent and different injection time had statistical significance (P <0.05).The attenuation value from group A to group B and then to group C was on the decline,the CT value of group A was obviously higher than that of group B and group C,and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05),and there was no significantly statistical difference between the group B and group C (P >0.05).The image quality,SNR and CNR in three groups did not have significant difference (P >0.05).The total iodine and iodine injection rate were lowest in group C.Conclusion In 320 row coronary CT angiography with 100 kVp tube voltage and iterative reconstruction algorithm,the patients whose heart rate 70 beats per minute or less,BMI≤24 kg/m2 injected the low concentration of contrast medium by 0.6 mL/kg dose injection can give a good image quality which can meet the diagnostic requirement.Mean-while,it can also reduce the iodine intake and the risk of contrast induced nephrology (CIN).

The Monascus mutant with high yield of yellow pigment was obtained by using conventional relevant mutation techniques, e.g., treating with physical mutagens(such as UV light) and chemical sub- stances (such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine). The yellow pigment was scanned from 300 nm to 600 nm with UV spectrometer, the maximal absorption was determined at 410 nm. The growth characteristic of Monascus mutant is stable, the yellow pigment value and colour hue in liquid fermentation can reach 100 U/mL and 3.5 respectively. The yellow pigment is stable from pH 3 to pH 8, but the precipitation appeared as the pH of the pigment solution lower than 3.

This article tried to discuss that spleen deficiency is the key mechanism of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis from TCM and Western medicine viewpoint. From the view of pathophysiology, energy metabolic disorder caused by mitochondrial injury and its series of damages are similar to symptoms caused by spleen deficiency appeared as yin fire and organs dystrophy, so mitochondrial injure belongs to spleen deficiency. And mitochondrial damage can further aggravate the virus replication of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis, causing damage to the kidney. Therefore, from the view of Western medicine, it can be known that spleen deficiency determines whether the liver function damage in the process of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis and lower energizer transformation. In terms of TCM, spleen deficiency plays an important role in all stages of the disease, and determines the outcome and prognosis of the disease. Therefore, this article proposed that the spleen deficiency is the mechanism of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis, which can provide references for clinic.

Objective To investigate the influence of synangio-excision-restruction in pancreatic cancer radical operation on the complications,living quality and survival status in the patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods A total of 255 patients with pancreatic cancer in our hospitals from January 2010 to October 2015 were selected and divided into 3 groups according to different operation modes:41 cases in the Synangio-excision-restruction group(A),113 cases in the non-synangio-excision-restruction group (B) and 101 cases in the palliative by-pass operation group(C).The clinical data in 3 groups were analyzed.The influence of Synangio-excision-restruction on operative complications,living quality and survival status was investigated.Results The incidence rate of complications in the group A was 56.10％,which was obviously higer than 34.51％ in the group 1β and 20.79％ in the group C,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).In the group A,the incidence rates of belly ache and body weight gain were 36.59％ and 51.22％ respectively,which comparing with 91.09％ and 9.09％ in the group C showed statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).The median survival time(MST) in the group A was 11.83 months,which in the group B and C were 15.43 months and 7.50 months,the difference between the group A and C was statistically significant(x2 =4.27,P＜0.05);while the difference between the group A and B was not statistically significant(x2=3.67,P＞0.05).Conclusion For the pancreatic cancer patients with affected portal vein and inferior mesenteric vein,the synangio-excision-restruction radical operation can obviously prolong the patients' survival time and improves their living quality.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of berberine, amoxicillin, lansoprazole, bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)eradication.Methods From December 2015 to April 2016,566 patients with initial treatment of H.pylori infection were prospectively enrolled.Patients were divided into observation group (berberine, amoxicillin, lansoprazole, bismuth) and control group (clarithromycin, amoxicillin, lansoprazole, bismuth), 283 cases in each group, and the treatment courses in two groups were both 14 days.Four weeks after completion of the treatment, the eradication rate of H.pylori and adverse effect rate of the two groups were compared.Student t test and Chi square test were performed for comparison between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline demographic data including gender,age, body mass index (BMI), symptom score between patients of the two groups (all P>0.05).Four weeks after completion of the treatment, the eradication rates of observation group and control group were 87.5%(244/279) and 87.1%(242/278) according to per-protocol analysis, and which were 86.2%(244/283) and 85.5 %(242/283) according to intention-to-treat analysis.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2=0.021,0.058;both P>0.05).The adverse effect rates of the two groups were 12.5%(35/279) and 16.5%(46/278), and there was no statistically significant difference (x2=1.795,P=0.180).Conclusions Both the new quadruple regimen containing berberine, amoxicillin and bismuth, and the standard quadruple regimen containing clarithromycin, amoxicillin and bismuth both can effectively eradicate H.pylori infection.The new regimen might be recommended as first-line eradication regimen in Xi′an district or area with high clarithromycin resistance.

LI Dong-yuan discussed the pathogenesis and treatment of "atrophic debility of bones" in his writings. This article explained and summarized the pathogenesis of atrophic debility of bones in LI's works. LI held that the pathogenesis of atrophic debility of bones is divided into damp-heat, overabundant yin leading to yang hyperactivity, and overabundant yin leading to insufficient yang. Combined with clinical observation, this article considered that the LI's atrophic debility of bones is similar to renal osteopathy in terms of disease name, clinical manifestation and pathogenesis. Therefore it put forward to the treatment of renal osteodystrophy from LI's theory. The methods of treatment were invigorating splenic yang and dehumidify, moistening dryness and tonifying kidney, replenishing qi, purging yin fire, raising yang and lifting prolapsed zang-fu organs, and expeling wind and removing dampness.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of infrasonic field of minesweeper on psychology of minesweeper crews.

METHODSAn experimental ship was selected to conduct infrasonic minesweeping, a control ship of the same type was selected to operate likewise with the infrasound generator turned off, and another group of coast-servicemen was chosen as blank control. Attention-span test, digit memory test, two-digital numbers list and profile of mood states (POMS) were used to test the ship crews and coast-servicemen.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in psychological parameters between the two ship crews before the experiment. But the scores of two-digit figures list in ship crews were significant lower than that in coast-servicemen, (31.2 +/- 11.8, 36.4 +/- 14.5 respectively vs 45.8 +/- 13.9, P < 0.05). POMS showed that the scores of anger-hostility, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment in both ship crew groups [(15.5 +/- 6.4, 18.3 +/- 6.8), (12.1 +/- 5.0,12.3 +/- 4.9), (11.6 +/- 4.4, 12.5 +/- 4.8), respectively] were higher than those in coast-servicemen (13.9 +/- 7.0, 7.6 +/- 4.1, 8.2 +/- 4.3, respectively, P < 0.05 or 0.01), while vigor-activity in experimental group (15.0 +/- 5.9) was lower than that in coast-servicemen (19.7 +/- 4.7). After the experiment, the scores of experimental crews in digit memory test (14.5 +/- 5.0), vigor-activity (12.2 +/- 5.8), fatigue-inertia (15.8 +/- 6.2) were significantly different from those of control crews (17.3 +/- 4.8, 16.5 +/- 4.6, 11.3 +/- 5.1).

CONCLUSIONSThe infrasonic field from minesweeper may injure the crew's psychological health and some neurobehavioral function.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the full intronic sequences of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A alleles in Han Chinese.

METHODSThe full-length HLA-A alleles, including 8 exons and 7 introns, were amplified with a long-template PCR system from 165 donors from the Chinese Marrow Donor Program (CMDP). The products were cloned into a PGEM-T Vector System and sequenced from both directions. Genetic analysis was performed using a MEGA4.0 software. All sequences were aligned with a ClustalW algorithm. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with a neighbor-joining method. Genetic distances were estimated based on p-distance, and a bootstrap analysis was applied for assessing the confidence limits of the trees.

RESULTSA total of thirty-three full-length sequences of HLA-A alleles, containing 2902-2918 nucleotides, were derived. A total of 138 point mutations and 9 insertions or deletions were found among the 7 introns, which showed remarkable group specificity. Intron 1 appeared to be most polymorphic with the highest average GC content and evolutionary distances. Eight phylogenetic trees were constructed respectively with the derived full-length sequences as well as each of the 7 introns sequences. Based on full-length sequences, sequences of the HLA-A locus were classified into five groups: group I consisted of A*01/03/11/30; group II consisted of A*23/24(A9); group III consisted of A*02/68/69(A2/28); group IV consisted of A*26/34(A10); and group V consisted of A*29/31/32/33/74(A19). The five groups were derived from two ancient lineages, one including groups I and II, and another including groups III, IV and V. No substantial difference was detected between the trees constructed with the 7 intronic sequences, except that group II belonged to different lineages based on introns 2-5 and introns 1 and 7. The A*30 variant cluster was close to group I (A*01/03/11/30) and differed from group V (A19).

CONCLUSIONThe full-length sequences of 18 alleles have been submitted to GenBank and accepted by the international ImMunoGeneTics database (IMGT). Polymorphisms identified within the introns of HLA-A alleles showed remarkable group specificity. Such sequences seem to have substantially contributed to the recombination of the HLA-A alleles. The A*30 may represent an atypical group in which the rates of gene conversion and mutation have been unusually high.