As a safe,cheap and effective diabetes drug,metformin has been used for many years.Diabetes increases the risk of liver cancer and affects its prognosis.In recent years,it is found that metformin reduces the pancreatic cancer risk in the treatment of diabetic patients,a large of experiments also prove that it has anti-cancer and synergistic anticancer effect.This paper focused on the effects of metformin on treatment of Ⅱ type diabetes,discussed the curative effect on liver cancer,suggested the molecular biology mechanism of inhibiting tumor,listed the latest experiment researches,analyzed the existed clinical data,proposed the further study of anticancer mechanism and clinical treatment.Metformin for a future role in prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes are briefly summarized and future prospects,which in type Ⅱ diabetic patients with liver cancer in a prospective study of the effect of treatment.Mefformin for application in other cancer prevention also raises possibilities.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on the left ventricular function in young infants.Methods Sixteen ASA physical status Ⅰ pediatric patients,aged 28-75 days,weighing 4.0-6.1 kg,undergoing elective resection of hemangioma on the body surface under general anesthesia with sevoflurane were studied.After the pediatric patients inhaled 6 ％ sevoflurane for 4 min,tracheal intubation was performed,and the pediatric patients were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane with the endtidal concentration of 4.48％-5.12％.Transthoracic echocardiographic examinations were performed before induction of anesthesia (baseline,T0),immediately before intubation (T1),at 10 and 30 min after intubation (T2,3),and at 20 min and 1 h after extubation (T4,5) to calculate Tei index.Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,Tei index was significantly increased at T1-4 (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in Tei index at T5 (P ＞ 0.05).The blood pressure and heart rate were stable and no adverse cardiovascular events were found during surgery.Conclusion Although sevoflurane anesthesia does not induce cardiovascular events,it decreases the left ventricular function to some extent in young infants.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have confirmed that tissue-engineered stem cel therapy is feasible to repair peripheral nerve injury, but the repair mechanism is unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the differentiation and homing of bone marrow mesechnymal stem cel s under local nerve microenvironment by exploring the migration and effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in the repair of damaged nerve.
METHODS:Male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were selected to establish segmental nerve injury models by freezing the sciatic nerve. Thirty-six model rats were randomized into three groups (n=12):frozen nerve injury group, cel injection into the nerve group, cel injection around the nerve group. Before modeling and at 4, 8, 12 weeks after cel implantation, the sciatic nerve function index was measured. Electrophysiological test, contractility recovery rate, wet weight recovery rate of the triceps surae were detected and Masson staining was performed;toluidine blue staining of the distal nerve injury and immunofluorescence staining of the damaged nerve were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4, 8, 12 weeks after cel implantation, the sciatic nerve function index was ranked as fol ows:frozen nerve injury group

Objective To understand the status of accidental injury children in emergency department of children' s hospital and discuss the risk factors of accidental injury in children to provide a scientific basis of prevention. Methods This study investigate parents on-site by questionnaire. We investigate 68 cases whose ages were 0~10 years. They came to emergency department due to accident. The investigation includes the incidence of accidental injuries, risk factors, and then a multi-factor logistic regression analysis would be done.Results The protective factor for children is mothers with high education level and children attending school.Children who have been injured in accident is the risk factor. Conclusions The occurrence of accidental injuries of children is the result of interaction of multiple factors, each factor should be taken for comprehensive preventive measures.

Background and objective With the popularization of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), there is a rising trend of the detection of multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC). Adenocarcinomas is the major pathological type of MPLC. At present, reports on MPLC are relatively common, but few study focused on synchronous multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas (SMPLA). We carried out this study in an attempt to enhance our understanding about SMPLA.Meth-ods Data from 38 patients undergoing surgery for SMPLA in our institution frrom December 2012 and July 2016 were retro-spectively collected.Results Among the 38 patients, 12 patients were male, 26 patients were female, with a median age of 58 (ranging from 39 to 73). Surgical outcomes verified 29 patients with 2 tumors and 9 patients with more than 2 tumors. There were 26 patients with tumors in ipsilateral lung while 12 patients in contralateral lung. Eight patients underwent one-stage surgical treatment for contralateral tumors with mean postoperative hospitalization of 10 days. The gene detection results of 5 patients showed different epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations can be found in one patient's different tumors. The 1-year and 3-year overall survival (OS) rate were 96.6% and 74.2%. Larger maximal tumor dimension (P<0.001), advanced pT stage (P=0.003), lymph nodes metastases positive (P=0.001), advanced TNM stage (P=0.022) and postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P=0.009) were correlated with poor OS.Conclusion Multiple lung malignant lesions should not be taken as metastasis for granted and the possibility of MPLC also should be considered. Mutational status ofEGFR could be used as a clinical reference to diagnose patients with SMPLA.

AIMTo convenience of the methods for assaying red blood cell glycolysis without oxygen condition in the studies.

METHODSReagent kit of glucose, perchloric acid, visible light prismatic photometer, battle of nitrogen and rocking bed are used in the studies. The process includes 4 steps prepare Tris- HCI solution and so on, assay of red blood cell glycolysis without oxygen condition and account of glycolysis rate.

RESULTSHuman red blood cells stored at 4 degrees C for 75 d, in SOD solution, the glycolysis rate is 86.2% +/- 5.0%, distinctly better than GMA solution (39.2% +/- 8.9%).

CONCLUSIONThe methods of assaying glycolysis without oxygen condition not use Habea's apparatus. The operation is convenient and simple and its determinations can be performed in ordinary laboratory and is is accurate.

Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; physiology ; Glycolysis ; physiology ; Hematologic Tests ; methods ; Humans ; Oxygen ; metabolism

AIMTo establish a simple and effective method for RBCs labeling and survival assays, and the qualities of rabbit RBCs preserved in GMA solution at 4 degrees C were verified.

METHODSThe bloods were taken through the ear arteries of the rabbits. The RBCs were labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and were reinjected to the same rabbit through ear veins. The percentage of FITC labeled RBCs was assayed by FACS at a series of times after injection. The SAS software was employed to analyze the data and establish the regression equations. The 24-hour recovery and the half-life span of the labeled RBCs were calculated according to the equations.

RESULTSThe 24-hour recovery and the half-life span of the labeled RBCs in the control group were 93.76% +/- 5.40% and 22.50% +/- 4.37 days respectively, which was in agreement with the previous papers. The 24-hour recovery and the half-life span of the labeled RBCs in the GMA group were 89.13% +/- 7.10% and 11.41% +/- 1.63 days respectively, which was coincident with the infusion conditions.

CONCLUSIONCompared with other methods of RBCs labeling in vivo, FITC labeling was thought to be easier and cheaper to use, which could facilitate the analysis of the biological character of the labeled cells, and could be used to trace the fate of labeled cells.

Animals ; Blood Preservation ; methods ; Erythrocyte Aging ; physiology ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; physiology ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Rabbits ; Software

OBJECTIVETo investigate pathological changes in the epileptogenic foci of children with intractable epilepsy and their clinical significance.

METHODSThirty children with intractable epilepsy were included in the study. The epileptogenic foci were surgically resected and pathological changes in the obtained specimens were observed under a light microscope (LM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTSUnder the LM, cortical dysplasia was found in 14 cases (47%), hippocampal sclerosis in 11 cases (37%), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in 1 case (3%), ganglioglioma in 1 case (3%), and encephalomalacia in 3 cases (10%). The TEM observation revealed pathological changes in the ultrastructure of the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal cortex, such as changes in the number of synapses and synaptic structure, decrease in neurons and karyopyknosis, swelling and degeneration of astrocytes, and changes in mitochondrial structures.

CONCLUSIONSPathological changes in the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal cortex, especially synaptic remodeling, may be the morphological basis for spontaneous recurrent seizures in children with intractable epilepsy. The pathological changes and epileptiform activity are related to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.

Adolescent ; Brain ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

To study the dynamic changes of ultrastructure of erythrocytes in prolonged preservation of blood with preservative fluid containing superoxide dismutase (SOD), the whole blood samples were preserved at 4 degrees C in SOD-containing solution, the morphologic changes of erythrocyte were dynamically ob served by transmission microscopy after preservation for 42, 75 and 85 days, an d the blood samples preserved in GMA solution served as control. Three variance was applied to analyze the data with SAS software. The results showed that the metamorphotic rates of erythrocyte preserved in SOD-containing solution for 42, 75 and 85 days were lower than those of erythrocytes preserved in GMA solution. Most of metamorphotic rates of erythrocyte preserved in SOD-containing solution for 42, 75 and 85 days were correspond to those of erythrocytes preserved in GMA solution for 42 days, or even lower. It is concluded that SOD-containing preservative fluid might help to maintain the normal morphology of erythrocytes in prolonged preservation at 4 degrees C.
Blood Preservation ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; Erythrocytes ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Superoxide Dismutase ; pharmacology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVESTo investigate CD3+CD56+ lymphocytes and their subsets in the peripheral blood of chronic hepatitis B patients and to explore the relationship between these cells and the pathogenesis of their diseases.

METHODSBlood samples from 53 chronic hepatitis B patients, 17 from HBV asymptomatic carriers (ASC) and 19 from healthy controls (HC) were collected. CD3+CD56+ lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), then the CD3+CD56+ lymphocytes were gathered to analyze their expressions of CD4, CD8, TCR Valpha24, TCRalpha/beta and TCRgamma/delta.

RESULTSThe number of CD3+CD56+ lymphocytes of chronic hepatitis B patients (7.4+/-4.6%) was more than those of ASC (4.5%+/-3.5%) and healthy controls (4.4%+/-3.7%). The expressions of TCR Valpha24 on CD3+CD56+ lymphocytes showed no significant differences among the three groups, but the expression of TCR Valpha24 on CD3-CD56+ lymphocytes of ASC ( 2.8%+/-1.4% ) was much more than that of the HC (1.7%+/-1.0%). For the subsets analysis, the CD8 and TCRalpha/beta subsets of CD3+CD56+ lymphocytes of chronic hepatitis B (61.9%+/-16.8% and 68.1%+/-16.9%) were significantly higher than those of the HC (49.2%+/-15.6% and 56.4%+/-17.9%), while the TCRgamma/delta subsets of chronic hepatitis B and ASC (29.6%+/-15.4% and 30.5%+/-14.8%) were decreased significantly than those of the HC (41.4%+/-19.4%). On the other hand, the CD8 and TCRalpha/beta subsets of CD3+CD56+ lymphocytes of severe chronic hepatitis B (69.0%+/-14.0% and 76.1%+/-12.9%) and CD8 subsets of moderate chronic hepatitis B patients (66.4%+/-14.9%) were significantly higher than those of the mild chronic hepatitis B patients (51.4%+/-16.2% and 62.1%+/-14.6%).

CONCLUSIONThe pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B may positively relate to the high expression of CD8 on the CD3+CD56+ lymphocytes.

Adult ; CD3 Complex ; immunology ; CD56 Antigen ; immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Young Adult