Objective To analyze the bio-mechanics when hemiplegics reach with the unaffected upper limb.Methods Thirty post-stroke hemiplegics were selected into the patient group,while 23 healthy counterparts were chosen for the control group.Both groups completed a reaching test of their upper limbs which divided reaching into a moving stage and a holding stage.Surface electromyography (sEMG) data were recorded during the tests along with the degree of torso twist,the range of motion of the shoulder,movement velocity,smoothness of movement and angle divergence collected using a wearable micro-sensor motion capture system.Results For the stroke patients whose dominant upper limb was unaffected,the average root mean square (RMS) signal from the upper trapezius (34.3 μV) and the average torso twist (-1.4°) in the moving phase were significantly larger than among the control subjects (19.7 μV and-2.3°),but their average movement velocity was significantly slower.In the holding phase the average RMS signal from the upper trapezius (55.4 μV) was still significantly higher than in the control group,but their average pectoralis major signal and the integrated EMG ratio of the anterior segments of the deltoid and upper trapezius muscle pairs were significantly lower.For the stroke patients whose dominant upper limbs were affected,in thc moving phase their average signal from the middle segments of the deltoid were significantly greater than those of the controls,but their movement velocity was significantly slower.For the control subjects,in the moving phase the average signal from the upper trapezius on their non-dominant side was significantly higher than that from the dominant upper limb.The integrated EMG ratio from the anterior segments of the deltoid and upper trapezius muscle pairs on that side was smaller throughout the whole reaching movement.Conclusion The bio-mechanical characteristics in reaching of the unaffected upper limbs of stroke patients are not the same as those of the corresponding upper limbs of healthy subjects.It is more reasonable to select the corresponding upper limbs of healthy subjects as controls when a bio-mechanical study of the affected upper limbs is conducted.

Objective To document the kinematics of upper-limb motor dysfunction among hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods Thirty-nine stroke survivors with hemiplegia were selected as the experimental group,while twenty-five healthy counterparts were chosen as the control group.Reaching movements performed in the sagittal plane were divided into an anteflexion phase and a holding phase.Three-dimensional kinematics data were captured using a micro-sensor motion capture system,and surface electromyograms (sEMGs) were recorded synchronously from the upper trapezius (UT),the anterior (AD) and middle (MD) segments of the deltoid,the biceps brachii (BB) and the triceps brachii (TB).The torso twist (TTD),the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder,movement velocity (MV),isotonic instability degree (IT) and isometric instability degree (IM) were extracted.Integrated electromyography (iEMG) and work ratios were chosen as indicators to compare the two groups.The experimental group's kinematic indicators were correlated with that group's sEMG parameters.Results The average TTD,IT and IM in the experimental group were significantly larger than those of the control group,while the ROM of the shoulder and the MV were significantly smaller.During the anteflexion phase,the average iEMG from the UT in the experimental group was significantly larger than that of the control group,while the average iEMGs from their AD and TB were significantly smaller;The BB/TB work ratios in the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the conrol group,while the AD/UT and AD/MD ratios were significantly smaller.The results during the holding phase were similar.In the experimental group,torso twist was found to be positively correlated with the iEMG of the UT,and the ROM of the shoulder and movement velocity were also positively correlated with the iEMG of the AD.Conclusions Kinematics variables and sEMG features can be used to evaluate the motor dysfunction of hemiplegic stroke patients' affected upper limbs quantitatively and provide guidance for rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVETo explore how adjustment of the negative and neutral emotion excitement contribute to the well-being of middle-aged and aged adults in their health, intelligence, working and living.

METHODSTwenty-five middle-aged and aged participants performed recognition tasks of schematic facial representations of positive, neutral and negative emotions and also Chinese characters (equivalent to happy, thinking and fear).

RESULTSThe main effects of the facial recognition task occurred in the left temporal-parietal area (40 to 80 ms), bilateral parietal-occipital and temporal-parietal area (160-180 ms and 310-340 ms). The effects of stimulation with the 3 Chinese characters were found in the anterior region (375-475 ms), posterior region (195-255 ms), and whole scalp region (135-175 ms and 275-355 ms). There were no significant interactive effects between schematic facial recognition and stimulation with Chinese characters.

CONCLUSIONPositive emotional excitement may promote the well-being of the adults in their health, intelligence, working performance and living.

Adult ; Aged ; Emotions ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Intelligence ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the brain mechanisms of aging of the visual attention. Methods Through the precue-target visual search paradigm using the event-related potentials technique,16 young and 16 elderly subjects participated the electrophysiological experiment.The background was comprised of three homocentric black circles and eight English capital letters consisted of each circle.The letter “T” was designed as the target stimulus.T was a target only when it located the circle clued to the same size of the precue.For example,when the cue was the “large”,“T” may appear within 3 circles.When the cue was the “median”,“T” may appear within either the median or small circles.When the cue was small,the target “T” may appear only within the small circle. Results The reaction time of the two groups of subjects became quick with the reduction of the cue scale,while the amplitudes of P1 and N1 components of event-related potentials increased with the decrease of the cue scale.Old subjects showed longer response time than did young subjects,and the posterior P1 component was enhanced significantly and N1 component was inhibited obviously.The P2 component was manifested as significantly inhibitory effect not only in the amplitude but also in the abnormal and unstable waveform.Conclusions The cognitive function of elderly subjects declines in the research of target stimuli,which suggests that the age-related changes could lead to deficit in the posterior area of the brain to visual spatial attention (involuntary attention).

Through analyzing the influencing factors of congenital heart disease (CHD), it is aimed to establish CHD risk prediction model in fetus, and simultaneously provide theoretical foundation for CHD prevention. One-factor logistic regression method was used to screen the significant factors regarding CHD, and to separately adopt multiple-factor non-conditional logistic regression method and decision tree to set up model prediction fetus CHD risk and to analyze the advantages and shortcomings. Correct classification rates turned to be 80.93% and 82.79% respectively among 215 'training samples' by the two methods and the rates were 85.45 % and 89.09% respectively among 55 'testing samples'. The alliance of logistic regression and decision tree can overcome influence by co-linearity to guarantee the accuracy and perfection, as well as promoting the predictive accuracy.

Objective To provide evidence for setting up violence intervention programs in rural middle schools, through studying the influential factors. Methods Taking variables including emotional, physical and sexual violence in the past year as the multi-dependent variables before multivariate multilevel model logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the correlations among the three kinds of violence and the influential factors. Results Among 3620 respondents, the incidence rates of emotional, physical and sexual violence weres 21.5%, 24.3% and 2.0% respectively. The correlation coefficients between emotional violence vs. physical violence, emotional violence vs. sexual violence, physical violence vs. sexual violence were 0.337,0.133, 0.131 respectively when the random effect of class difference was separated by multivariate multilevel model. There was an internal aggregation of the incidence rate on physical violence in different grades (X2=4.286, P=0.038) and an internal relevant between emotional violence vs. sexual violence (X2=4.239, P=0,039), physical violence vs. sexual violence (X2=4.482, P=0.034). The influential factors on the incidence rates of violence would include:sex, smoking status, family without harmony, tendency of bullying others and the level on self-esteem etc. Conclusion When the random effect of class difference was separated by multivariate multilevel model, the estimated results would be more precise. Other than paying more attention to both individual and family influential factors when taking measures to reduce the incidence rate of violence in high school students, the effect of environment in the class should not be ignored.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) hydrogel in wound healing in patients with deep partial thickness burn.

METHODSThe study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel clinical trial. Three hundred and twenty-one patients (302 cases finally fulfilled the protocol) with deep partial thickness burn were divided into A group (n = 200, with treatment of rhGM-CSF hydrogel, 100 microg/10 g/100 cm2/d), C group (n = 102,with treatment of placebo). Side-effect, systemic condition, wound healing time, wound healing rate, and total effective rate at different time points were observed.

RESULTSThere were no obvious differences in vital signs, wound secretion, wound edge reaction, blood and urine routine, liver and kidney function between two groups (P > 0.05). No side-effect was observed. The median wound healing time was 17 days in A group, which was obviously shorter than that in C group (20 days, P < 0.01). The mean wound healing rate in A group was 24.5%, 70.5%, 95.3%, 99.6% respectively on 8th, 14th, 20th, 28th day after treatment, which were obviously higher than that in C group (15.1%, 51.4%, 84.6%, 97.1%, respectively, P < 0.01). The total effective rates in A group on 8th, 14th, 20th day after treatment were also higher than that in C group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONrhGM-CSF hydrogel can significantly accelerate wound healing in patients with deep partial thickness burn with certain safety.

Burns ; drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Placebos ; Recombinant Proteins ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo study the rabies molecular biology features in animals between high incidence area of rabies and no rabies cases area in Hunan.

METHODSdetect saliva of dogs and brains of dogs and cats by direct immunofluorescence assay, review positive samples by RT-PCR, sequencing extract RNA virus for genetic analysis.

RESULTS12 were detected rabies virus antigen and positive nucleoside acid in 82 dogs from Wugang city also 1 in 17 from Dongkou county; the positive rate: Wugang 14.63 percent, Dongkou 5.88 percent. No rabies virus was detected in 67 samples of dog brains from Fenghuang County. Also none in 28 samples of cat brains. Amplificating N gene of rabies virus from positive samples of dog brain's tissue (No Wg13, Dk13) by RT-PCR, it shows that homology of nucleoside acid between two strain of virus is 99.4 percent; also 99.1 percent of amino acid. The homology of nucleoside acid (amonio acid) among Wg13 stain and Chinese strain CTN and aG strain is 89.4 percent (98.2 percent) and 86.1 percent (95.1 percent); The homology of nucleoside acid (amonio acid) among Dk13 stain Chinese strain CTN and aG strain is 89.1 percent (98.0 percent), 86.1 percent (94.9 percent).Compare with isolated rabies virus from abroad, the homology between two strains and Indonesia is 92.8 percent and 93.2 percent, the most similar of them. The strains isolated from other countries including Japan, Sri Lanka and India are relatively lower; The sequence of gene Wg13 and Dk13 were taken replacement of amino acid.

CONCLUSIONTwo strains are belong to type I rabies virus, comparing its N gene with current using vaccine strains, both are in same group, and homology are relatively higher.

Animals ; Cats ; Dogs ; Genes, Viral ; Phylogeny ; Rabies virus ; classification ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the relationship between the genotype and the hematologic characteristics in the fetuses with different types of thalassemia.

METHODSFetal blood samples were taken by cordocentesis, and hemograms from 572 fetuses at the gestational age of 18 to 38 weeks were examined. According to the genotypes of thalassemia, there were 117 fetuses with heterozygous alpha-thalassemia-1, and 60 with homozygous alpha-thalassemia-1. Twenty had beta-thalassemia mild, and 9 had beta-thalassemia major, respectively. The hematological parameters in these groups were compared with reference group in which 366 cases were included.

RESULTSIn alpha-thalassemia groups, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly decreased (P < 0.001), but in heterozygous alpha-thalassemia-1, red blood cell (RBC) increased. In homozygous alpha-thalassemia-1, RBC decreased significantly (P < 0.001), but white blood cell and nucleated erythrocyte increased (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between beta-thalassemia and reference group in most hematological parameters except for decrease of MCHC.

CONCLUSIONSIn the fetal period, the hemogram of the fetuses with alpha-thalassemia changes significantly, while it does not change in beta-thalassemia. For the couple with heterozygous alpha-thalassemia, hemogram can provide some information for prenatal screening and diagnosis for those fetuses with alpha-thalassemia, especially for homozygous, but genotype detection is necessary for confirming the diagnosis.

Blood Cell Count ; Cordocentesis ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythrocyte Volume ; Erythrocytes, Abnormal ; Female ; Fetus ; physiopathology ; Genotype ; Gestational Age ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods ; Thalassemia ; blood ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics ; alpha-Thalassemia ; blood ; genetics ; beta-Thalassemia ; blood ; genetics

In order to study the influence of trichosanthin (TCS) on apoptosis and growth inhibition of human NB4 cells in vitro, the expression of annexin V and the change of DeltaPsim of NB4 cells induced by TCS was analyzed by FACS, and MTT assay was adopted to measure the growth inhibition ratio of NB4 cells treated with TCS. Apoptosis was assayed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed the higher concentration of TCS and the longer the acting time, the stronger growth inhibition of NB4 cells. The expression of annexin V was positive, and the positive ratio was greatly enhanced with prolongation of acting time. DeltaPsim reduced gradually while the apoptosis cells increasing. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed a gradient, which confirmed that TCS could induce NB4 cells apoptosis. In conclusion, taken together, data show that TCS can inhibit NB4 growth in vitro, and induce apoptosis. Experiment provides an important evidence for application of TCS in clinical treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA Fragmentation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Trichosanthin ; pharmacology