OBJECTIVETo explore metabolite profiling changes in serum of rats with pi-qi deficiency syndrome (PQDS) and pi-yang deficiency syndrome (PYDS) based on liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) technique, and to explore the essence of Pi-deficiency syndrome (PDS) from small molecule metabolite level.

METHODSTotally 21 male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into three groups, the normal control group, the PQDS group, and the PYDS group, 7 in each group. Rats in the PQDS group overate for 1 day and fasted for 2 days. They drank freely and then swam to be exhausted in water at 35 degrees C - 37 degrees C for 15 successive days. The PYDS model was established by the same method for PQDS rats plus drenching 20% Folium sennae water extract (2 mL/100 g), once in the morning and once in the evening for one successive week. After modeling, models were evaluated according to rat general state, changes in body weight and rectal temperature. Serum metabonomic profiles were detected using LC-MS technique. Difference in inter-group metabolite spectrograms was analyzed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Potential biomarkers related to syndrome types in rat serum were selected via the parameter of variable importance in the projection (VIP).

RESULTSThe weight of rats in the PQDS group and the PYDS group decreased more significantly after modeling. The difference in prepost weight was statistically significant from that of the normal control group (P < 0.01). It was more obviously lowered in the PYDS group than in the PQDS group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the rectal temperature of rats in the PYDS group and the PQDS group decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It decresed more in the PYDS group than in the PQDS group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the normal control group, levels of PC(19:0)/PE(22:0), PC(17:0)/PE(20:0), capric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, glucose increased; arachidonic acid, linolenic acid, lauric acid, androsterone, 4-heptanone, dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) (6:0), and uridine decreased in the PYDS group and the PQDS group. Compared with the PQDS group, levels of PC(22:1), PC (22:6), PE (18:0)/PC (15:0), retinol, and deoxycytidine increased significantly in the PYDS group; PC (18:1), PC(19 :3), PC (20:3), PC (17:0)/PE (20:0), PC (19:1)/PE (22:1), PC (19:0)/PE (22:0), PC (17:1)/PE (20: 1), PC (16:1)/PE (19:1), cholic acid, hippuric acid, furoic acid, undecanedicarboxylic acid, palmitoleic acid, hydroxy stearic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, serine, carbamoyl aspartic acid, palmitoyl carnitine, tetradecanoyl carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and linoleylcarnitine decreased more significantly in the PYDS group.

CONCLUSIONSComparative contents of various serum metabolites changed significantly in PQDS and PYQS model groups. Some potential small molecular biomarkers related to PDS were preliminarily identified. These results might provide some data reference for exploring scientific connotation and pathological mechanisms of PDS.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Discriminant Analysis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Qi ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Yang Deficiency ; blood

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of bear bile powder (BBP) on the STAT3 pathway and its downstream target genes of nude mice hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft, and to explore its mechanism for treating HCC.

METHODSThe subcutaneous xenograft model was established using HepG2 cells. When the subcutaneous transplanted tumor was formed, naked mice were randomly divided into two groups, the BBP group and the control group. Mice in the BBP group were administered with BBP by gastrogavage, once daily for 3 consecutive weeks, while mice in the control group were administered with normal saline by gastrogavage, once daily for 3 consecutive weeks. The body weight and the tumor volume were measured once per week. By the end of medication, the tumor weight was weighed and the tumor inhibition ratio calculated. The apoptosis of the tumor tissue was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), B cell lymphoma/eukemina-2 (Bcl-2), cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK4), cyclinD1 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expression levels of signal transducers and transcription activators 3 (p-STAT3), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bax, Bcl-2, CDK4, and cyclinD1 were determined by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSBBP could inhibit the tumor volume and tumor weight, showing statistical difference when compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Results of TUNEL showed that BBP could significantly induce the apoptosis of hepatoma carcinoma cells. Results of RT-PCR showed that BBP could up-regulate the expression of Bax and down-regulate mRNA expression of Bcl-2, CDK4, and cyclinD1. Immunohistochemical results showed that BBP could up-regulate the expression of Bax and inhibit the protein expression of p-STAT3, PCNA, Bcl-2, CDK4, and cyclinD1.

CONCLUSIONBBP could induce the apoptosis of hepatoma carcinoma cells and inhibit their proliferation by regulating STAT3 pathway.

Animals ; Bile ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ursidae ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of improved nursing intervention in blood glucose control of critical patients. Methods By means of historical control, 258 critical patients undergone intense insulin therapy were divided into the control group (n = 126) and the test group (n = 132). The control group was given conventional intensive insulin therapy. The test group was given improved guidelines on the use of insulin and improved nursing intervention. The following indexes of the two groups were documented and compared: the time required to achieve target blood glucose level [(11.95 ± 1.97) h vs (18.85 ± 3.59) h, t =19. 237 3 ,P ＜0. 01]; frequency of blood glucose measuring in four days, the range of everyday blood glucose and the occurrence of hypoglycemia during therapy. Results The test group had shorter time required to achieve target blood glucose level, lower frequency of blood glucose measuring, less fluctuation range of blood glucose and reduced occurrence of hypoglycemia during therapy than the control group (P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusions The use of improved guidelines on the use of insulin and improved nursing intervention in intensive insulin therapy of critical patients can effectively control blood glucose, reduce frequency of hypoglycemia and improve prognosis.

Objective To determine the influences of Mannose binding protein (MBP) gene polymorphisms on HBV DNA loads and on the progression of liver disease in patients with chronic HBV infeclion.Method The Codons on 54 MBP gene polymorphisms and HBV DNA loads in a cohort of 395 patients with chronic HBV infection,including 244 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),151 with liver cirrhosis(LC) and 88 normal controls were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR).Result The MBP genotype frequencies of GGC/GAC and alleles genetic frequencies of GAC in CHB group showed no significant differences comparing to the normal control group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The MBP genotype frequencies of GGC/GAC and alleles genetic frequencies of GAC on CHB group (severe),compensation phase of LC group and decompensation phase of LC group were higher than those in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05 ),the genetic polymorphism of decompensation of LC was 36.5 ％,highest of all.The MBP genotype frequencies of GGC/GAC and alleles genetic frequencies of GAC of patients with chronic HBV infection were not changed with the differences of HBV-DNA loads.Conclusion The codes on 54 MBP gene polymorphisms is not closely related to HBV DNA loads,but was associated with the progression of hepatitis B infection.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of bear bile powder (BBP) on angiogenesis, and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

METHODSA chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used to evaluate the angiogensis in vivo. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/mL of BBP for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to determine the viability of HUVECs. Cell cycle progression of HUVECs was examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis with propidium iodide staining. HUVEC migration was determined by wound healing method. An ECMatrix gel system was used to evaluate the tube formation of HUVECs. The mRNA and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A in both HUVECs and HepG2 human cells were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the untreated group, BBP inhibited angiogenesis in vivo in the CAM model (P< 0.01). In addition, treatment with 0.25-1 mg/mL of BBP for 24, 48, or 72 h respectively reduced cell viability by 14%-27%, 29%-69% and 33%-91%, compared with the untreated control cells (P< 0.01). Additionally, BBP inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs via blocking the cell cycle G to S progression, compared with the S phase of untreated cells 48.05%± 5.00%, 0.25-0.75 mg/mL BBP reduced S phase to 40.38%± 5.30%, 36.54± 4.50% and 32.13± 3.50%, respectively (Pglt; 0.05). Moreover, BBP inhibited the migration and tube formation of HUVECs, compared with the tube length of untreated cells 100%± 12%, 0.25-0.75 mg/mL BBP reduced the tube length to 62%± 9%, 43%± 5% and 17%± 3%, respectively (p< 0.01). Furthermore, BBP treatment down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF-A in both HepG2 cells and HUVECs.

CONCLUSIONBBP could inhibit the angiogenesis by reducing VEGF-A expression, which may, in part, explain its anti-tumor activity.

Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Chick Embryo ; Chorioallantoic Membrane ; blood supply ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hep G2 Cells ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Powders ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ursidae ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

The precondition of accurate gastric cancer surgery is precise assessment of lymph node metastasis. To date, no imaging modality achieves both high sensitivity and high specificity in detecting lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Intraoperative sentinel node tracing and biopsy are the most popular method to identify the localization of tumor cell, but is limited to early gastric cancer. Nano-composite materials, designed for tumor imaging and tracing, show us a newly emerging domain for tumor detection in gastric cancer. The function of these nano-composite materials to detect lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer relies on the effective backflow of lymph system. However, the lymph vessels can be obstructed by tumor cells in advanced gastric cancer, which may restrain the application of these nanoparticles. Therefore, more methods to detect lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer should be explored. This review summarizes the characteristic of the targeted nanosphere. Based on the reported studies, a novel idea is conceived that targeted multifunctional nanosphere may be a potential method to achieve precise assessment of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical and pathological factors correlating with early recurrence of resected non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to further understand the function of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on NSCLC.

METHODS93 patients of NSCLC were selected. All of them received resection and were followed up for more than one year. The first time of recurrence was recorded. Logistic univariate and multivariable analysis were used to find the factors that affect the early recurrence of NSLSC, including age, sex, serum CEA level, tumor size, tumor location, tumor differentiation, histological type and clinical staging, and the ability of factors predicting the recurrence were compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

RESULTSOf all the clinical and pathological factors that are correlated with early recurrence of NSCLC, the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) value, clinical staging, and tumor difference are of statistical significance. The preoperative serum CEA value is the most valuable factor to predict early recurrence of NSCLC (ROC area: 0.843, 95% CI: 0.723 approximately 0.963, P = 0.000). When preoperative serum CEA value > 10 micro g/L, patients of NSCLC will have an early recurrence rate of 88%; and when preoperative serum CEA value

CONCLUSIONFor the patients with respectable NSCLC, it is very important to know the precise clinical stage and pathological difference, and so is the preoperative serum CEA value. When preoperative serum CEA value > 10 micro g/L, even if the lesion is of early stage and well differenced, the general situation of patients should be carefully examined for the prompt and accurate treatment to them and close follow up is needed to treat these patients.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; blood ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo establish strategies for preventing graft versus host disease (GVHD) and reducing treatment associated morbidity while preserving graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect in nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT), with or without donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) after BMT.

METHODS3 x 10(7) bone marrow cells mixed with 1 x 10(7) spleen cells from the same BALB/c mouse were transplanted into the nonablative irradiated inbred 615 mouse which received a single subcutaneous injection of 1 x 10(6) L615 leukemia cells three days before. The experiments were designed as follows (ten mice in each group): myeloablative BMT control group (group A), nonmyeloablative conditioning without BMT group (group B), nonmyeloablative BMT group (group C), and nonmyeloablative BMT + DLI group (group D). GVL effects were assessed by survival time, white blood cell count and L615 cells in peripheral blood and histologic changes. GVHD was assessed by signs of weight loss, ruffled fur, diarrhea and histologic changes of skin, liver and small intestines. Chimerism was detected by cytogenetic analysis and PCR technique.

RESULTSThe survival time of group A, B, C and D was (20.3 +/- 13.4), (15.9 +/- 1.1), (21.6 +/- 1.7) and (37.8 +/- 2.0) days, respectively, being no significant difference between group A and group C (P > 0.05). The survival time of group C was longer than that of group B (P < 0.01). And among group B, C and D, group D had the longest survival time (P < 0.01). GVHD signs and histologic changes were observed in 60% of control group mice at + 14 day, but none of group C and group D. 40% of mice in group A died of treatment associated morbidity within two weeks, but none in group C and group D. Allogeneic chimerism was kept in group A, but excluded gradually in group C.

CONCLUSIONGVL effect seems preserved in nonmyeloablative BMT mice, but weaker than that in myeloablative BMT mice. GVL effect seems to be enhanced by DLI after nonmyeloablative BMT. GVHD and transplantation associated morbidity seems to be reduced in nonmyeloablative BMT.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; immunology ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Graft vs Leukemia Effect ; Leukemia, Experimental ; therapy ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; therapy ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological significance of p16(INK4A) expression and DNA ploidy status in HPV-negative uterine cervical cancers and their precursors.

METHODSHPV-negative cervical lesions, including 20 cases of cervicitis, 20 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN), 3 cases of cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasm (CGIN), 38 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) and 15 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma were selected and subject to screening for HPV infection by PCR method. The p16(INK4A) protein expression and DNA ploidy status were studied by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry respectively.

RESULTSSpecific expression of p16(INK4A) was seen in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the dysplastic and malignant cells of CIN, CGIN, cervical SCC and adenocarcinoma. In contrast, no expression was present in normal and inflammatory squamous or glandular epithelium. DNA aneuploidy was significantly more frequent in invasive SCCs and adenocarcinomas than in CIN (P < 0.01). Aneuploid was also more frequent in the lymph node positive group than lymph node negative group, although no statistic significance was found. Among the 8 cases of p16(INK4A) negative SCCs, two showed DNA aneuploidy.

CONCLUSIONSImmunohistochemical detection for p16(INK4A) can be an early diagnostic marker for HPV-negative cervical SCC and adenocarcinoma. DNA ploidy analysis may further assist the diagnosis of cervical malignancies.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Aneuploidy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Uterine Cervicitis ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the angiogenic effect of the Xiongshao capsule (XSC) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms mediating its biological effect.

METHODSSerum pharmacology was applied in this study, in which different doses of XSC were administrated to rats orally and then XSC-containing serum (XSC-S) was collected for the following in vitro experiments. The viability of HUVEC was determined by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell density was observed via phase-contrast microscopy. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis with propidium iodide staining was performed to determine cell cycle phase. Cell migration was determined by wound-healing method. Capillary tube formation by HUVEC was examined using ECMatrix gel-based assay. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression levels were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) analyses.

RESULTSXSC-S dose-dependently stimulated proliferation of HUVEC by promoting the cell cycle G1 to S progression. In addition, XSC-S treatment dramatically increased the migration and capillary tube formation of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, XSC-S enhanced the expression of VEGF and bFGF at both mRNA and protein levels.

CONCLUSIONXSC can promote several features of angiogenesis in endothelial cells through up-regulating the expression of bFGF and VEGF, suggesting that XSC may be a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.

Animals ; Capsules ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Collagen ; pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laminin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; genetics ; Proteoglycans ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; S Phase ; drug effects ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism