Depression is one of the diseases with the highest disability rate in the world. A large number of studies have shown that the intake of unsaturated fatty acids can deal with depression while chronic overconsumption of saturated fatty acids is a risk factor for depression. It was suggested that the mechanism of saturated fatty acids inducing depression is related to the following four aspects: regulating the function which links to depression in whole brain and specific brain regions, including the hippocampus, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the striatum, and the prefrontal cortex; stimulating the secretion of inflammatory factors; affecting the balance and function of metabolic regulatory hormones, including leptin, adiponectin, glucocorticoid, and insulin; inducing the disturbance of intestinal flora. This article reviews the relationship between dietary fatty acids and depression, and the possible mechanisms by which saturated fatty acids induce depression from the four aspects mentioned above.

Objective:To understand the medication safety events about cephalosporin in our hospital in order to provide evidence for the better medication safety of cephalosporin. Methods:Adverse drug reaction ( ADR) reports, medication error ( ME) reports and drug quality problem records about cephalosporin in our hospital were collected and the critical indicators in the reports were analyzed. Re-sults:The ADR reports selected in our hospital were mainly reported by pharmacists. More males were involved in the related patients, and young adults were in the majority. Second and third-generation cephalosporin were the major drugs used in the reports. The damages in skin and its appendages were the major damages in organs. The ME reports selected in our hospital were totally reported by pharma-cists. Errors in frequency and dose of drug administration were the most common, and the main causes were lack of knowledge and train-ing. No serious quality problem in cephalosporin was found in our hospital, and the inner and outer packaging in damaged conditions was the most common problems in our records. Conclusion:Cephalosporin as one widely used antibacterial agent is considered safe and effec-tive. Because of its large amount of application, cephalosporin should be paid more attention by health care professionals. MEs should be avoided as far as possible. ADRs should be treated timely and properly in order to decrease medical disputes. More attention should be paid to ensure security of drug use for patients.

Objective To explore the changes of pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility in a respiratory ward.Methods All pathogens isolated from patients in a respiratory ward from 2001 to 2005 and the drug susceptibility results were retrospectively analyzed.For patients with more than 1 isolates of the same species, only the first strain of pathogen was included for analysis. The isolation and identification procedure was based on guidelines for national clinical laboratories.The susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method.WHONET 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 876 strains were analyzed.The majority was gram negative bacteria.MRSA prevalence was 72.4% and showed a trend of increase.No vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus was detected.Streptococcus pneumoniae was highly resistant to macrolides.The non-sensitivity rate to penicillin was 25.5%-66.7% over years.The resistance rate to levofloxacin was 22.2%-27.3%.Enterobacter and Acinetobacter baumannii showed stable susceptibility to imipenem.ESBLs-producing Esche- richia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 33.3%-38.9% and 14.3%-19.2% respectively.P.aeruginosa strains were relatively susceptible to ceftazidime, amikaein, cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime. The sensitivity rate was 87%, 82.6%, 78.3%, 73.9%, 73.9% and 71.4% respectively in 2005.Conclusions The changes of pathogens and antibiotic resistance in the respiratory ward were consistent with the surveillance data in this country, which were influenced by underlying diseases, severity of illness and antibiotic use.Our data are useful for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics.

Objective To compare the difference of early optic nerve damage and visual field defect between primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)and primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG).Design Prospective case series.Participants 30 eyes of 23 patients with early POAG and 30 eyes of 22 patients with early PACG were recruited.Methods Routine ophthalmologic exams,visual field (Humphrey Field Analysis 24-2),scanning laser polarimetry GDx ECC(Full Exam)were performed.Different types of RNFLD and GDx ECC parameters were compared between the two groups through X square-test and independent samples t-test,respectively.Both the intra-group globe visual indices and retinal sensitivity loss of each illumination target were compared with independent samples t-test. Main Outcome Measure GDx ECC parameters,types of RNFLD,visual indices and retinal sensitivity loss of each illumination target. Results Significant differences in all GDx ECC parameters of the two groups were found except Superior Average and Symmetry.In GDx ECC reports,diffuse RNFLD in POAG and PACG were 40% and 10%,respectively(P＜0.05),while localized RNFLD were 53% and 63%,respectively.The differences of PSD and CPSD between groups were significant.More localized retinal sensitivity loss in the superiotemporal visual field in PACG were found.Conclusion The diffuse RNFL damage of early POAG is more than that of PACG. Differences between POAG and PACG in retinal sensitivity loss of the superiotemporal visual field are found,which are consistent with the RNFL damages.The pattern of RNFL damage and the visual field defects are different both functionally and structurally,which may give insight into the different etiologies of POAG and PACG.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the structural parameters provided by the Heidelberg retina tomogra- phy (HRT) and the structural parameters provided by laser diagnostics glaucoma scanning system (GDx), to discuss whether the correla- tion between them be used to make a more accurate diagnosis. Design Case control study. Participants Thirty-two patients (49 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma and 15 patients only with abnormal GDx results. Methods The patients underwent examination with HRT, GDx. The relations between the topographic parameters of GDx Ecc and HRT were analysed by linear regression. F test was used to analyse whether there was a spatial correspondence between the GDx Ecc and HRT I]. Maim Outcome Measures The topographic parameters generated by GDx Ecc and HRTⅡ. Results In glaucoma group, among the topographic parameters generated by GDx Ecc and HRTⅡ. The correlation between NFI and rim area was significant (r=-0.68,P=-0.000). The spatial correspondence between GDx Ecc and HRTⅡwas also significant. In control group, NFI and rim area also had the significant correlation among the parameters of optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer (r=-0.79, P=0.001). But there was no spatial correspondence between the GDx Ecc and HRTⅡ. Conclusions There is a spatial correspondence between GDx and HRT, but this correspondence doesn't existence in patients only with abnormal GDx result. This difference can be used to make a more accurate diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the behavioral problems and self-concept of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and the correlation between them. Methods The subjects came from a sample survey of primary and middle school students' mental status in 6 regions in Hunan province. Achenbach child behavior checklist (CBCL) was filled out by parents. The Children's self-concept scale (CSCS) was completed by children themselves. Results There were significant differences between the scores of ODD group and the normal control among all CBCL subscales except the activities scale, and the scores for the CSCS scales were all lower in patients with ODD than the control group except for the physical appearance and attributes (P<0.01). In addition, according to correlation analysis, the CBCL scores yielded small but significant correlations with the CSCS scores for children with ODD(P<0.05). Conclusion Children with ODD have generally behavioral problems, poor social competence, and lower self-concept, whose behaviors were correlated with their self-concept.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Endometrial Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; pathology ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Rectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology

The volatile components of roots and stems of Zanthoxylum nitidum were investigated by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Thirty-one and fifty-one compounds were identified in the supercritical extracts from roots and stems of Z. nitidum, respectively, and total twenty-seven compounds were the common constituents. Among them, the major constituents in root and stem supercritical extracts were spathulenol (18.49 and 26.18%), n-hexadecanoic acid (14.24% and 12.79%), ar-tumerone (6.95% and 8.88%), oleic acid (8.39% and 5.71%) and hexanoic acid (4.39% and 7.78%). The in-vitro MTT assay showed that the volatile components of roots and stems of Z. nitidum did not exhibited any cytotoxic activity against human cancer Huh-7 and normal IEC-6 cells. These results indicated the same nature of the volatile constituents in the root and stem of Z. nitidum. This investigation may provide further evidence for expansion of medicinal parts of Z. nitidum.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Zanthoxylum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of solid dispersion technology and inclusion technology on dissolution performance of Pulsatillae total saponins, and preliminarily investigate its mechanism.

METHODThe solid dispersion of Pulsatillae total saponins-PEG 4000 was prepared by the melting method. The inclusion compound of Pulsatillae total saponins-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ( HP-beta-CD) was prepared by the freeze-drying method. The properties of solid dispersion and inclusion compound were identified by using IR, DSC and NMR. And the dissolution of solid dispersion and inclusion compound were also determined by the small glass method.

RESULTIR, DSC and NMR results showed the formation of solid dispersion and inclusion compound. In terms of the dissolution, the inclusion compound ranked first, which was followed by solid dispersion and bulk pharmaceutical chemicals.

CONCLUSIONThe inclusion technology could significantly increase the dissolution of Pulsatillae total saponins, whereas the solid dispersion showed no notable solubilization effect.

This study was aimed to establish a stable animal model of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to provide theoretical and experimental basis for understanding the development of LVH. The abdominal aorta of male Wistar rats (80-100 g) was constricted to a diameter of 0.55 mm between the branches of the celiac and anterior mesenteric arteries. Echocardiography using a linear phased array probe was performed as well as pathological examination and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement at 3, 4 and 6 weeks after abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). The results showed that the acute mortality rate (within 24 h) of this modified rat model was 8%. Animals who underwent AAC demonstrated significantly increased interventricular septal (IVS), LV posterior wall (LVPWd), LV mass index (LVMI), cross-sectional area (CSA) of myocytes, and perivascular fibrosis; the ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and cardiac output (CO) were consistently lower at each time point after AAC. Notably, differences in these parameters between AAC group and sham group were significant by 3 weeks and reached peaks at 4th week. Following AAC, the plasma BNP was gradually elevated compared with the sham group at 3rd and 6th week. It was concluded that this modified AAC model can develop LVH, both stably and safely, by week four post-surgery; echocardiography is able to assess changes in chamber dimensions and systolic properties accurately in rats with LVH.