Objective To observe the effect of circadian rhythm on hypnotic median effective dose( ED50) of ketamine. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups which had 15 mice in each group. They were intraperitoneally injected with ketamine at different times of 2 Am,8 Am,2 Pm and 8 Pm, respectively. Righting reflex was recorded and the value of ED50 was measured with sequential experimental method. Results The hypnotic ED50 of ketamine at 2 Am was(54.57?0.82) mg/kg, with 95% confidence limit of ED50 38.06-78.22 mg/kg;ED50 was(49. 27?0. 12) mg/kg at 8 Am, with 95% confidence limit of ED50 40. 21-60. 37 mg/kg;ED50 at 2 Pm was (42.28?0.21) mg/kg, with 95% confidence limit 37.35 - 47 83 mg/kg;and ED50 at 8 Pm was(57.42?0.14) mg/kg, with 95% confidence limit 37.51-73 72 mg/kg,respectively. The ED50 were significant different at 2 Pm and 8 Pm. However, there were no significant difference in ED50 value among other groups. Conclusion The hypnotic effect of ketamine has circadian rhythm - dependent.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of X-ray exposure on the release of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-p75 (sTNFR-p75) in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in vitro.

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the levels of sTNFR-p75 in the supernatants of HepG2 cells before and after X-ray exposure. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and the morphological changes of the cells were examined under optical microscope and transmission electron microscope(TEM).

RESULTSX-ray exposure of the cells resulted in a strong increase of cell apoptosis (P<0.05) and sTNFR-p75 production in the cells as compared with the those before the exposure (P<0.01). Optical microscopy revealed apoptotic changes of HepG2 cell after the exposure, shown as cell shrinkage, spherical cell morphology, cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation. Apoptotic bodies were detected by TEM.

CONCLUSIONX-ray exposure induces HepG2 cells apoptosis by inhibiting the release of sTNFR-p75 into the supernatant.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; secretion ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; chemistry ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; secretion ; Microscopy ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; secretion ; Solubility ; X-Rays

OBJECTIVETo study the relations between different feeding patterns and the body weight retention of the perinatal women living in rural areas of China.

METHODSA cluster sampling method was used to investigate 409 women, who are currently living in rural areas of Tianjin, at pregnant and perinatal status. While, their body weights and heights before pregnancy, antepartum and postpartum were measured, respectively. Body weight retention was the difference of the measured data after postpartum minus pre-pregnant weight. Variance analysis was used for statistic comparison.

RESULTSThe rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 70.9% (290/409) within four months. The net body weight retention of women (5.8 kg) using the exclusive breastfeeding was lower than that of the women (7.0 kg) using artificial feeding within 4 - 6 months, but there was no significantly statistic difference (F = 1.45, P = 0.236). However, there was the opposite result within 7 - 9 months, the data showed that the body weight retention in the women using the exclusive breastfeeding was 4.9 kg, which was significantly higher than that the women (2.9 kg) with artificial feeding (F = 3.17, P = 0.043). The food consumption of the women (901 g) using exclusive breastfeeding was the highest, followed by those (877 g) using mixed feeding and the women (750 g) using artificial feeding.

CONCLUSIONThe body weight retention after postpartum should be related to infant feeding patterns. After postpartum, the weight loss of women using the exclusive breastfeeding is relatively low. While, for the women using the exclusive breastfeeding, the net weight retention during pregnancy and after postpartum were lower than those with artificial feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance health education and guidance on promoting exclusive breast-feeding as well as increasing awareness on pre-pregnant health.

Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of Shenqing Recipe (SQR), a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine, on the morphology and quantity of colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis, and to investigate the possible mechanism of SQR in regulating intestinal dynamics.

METHODSSixty rats were randomly divided into normal control, model 1, model 2, mesalazine, and high-dose, and low-dose SQR groups with 10 rats in each group. TNBS (10 mg) dissolved in 50% ethanol was instilled into the lumen of the rat colon of the latter five groups to induce colitis. On the 4th day after administration of TNBS, each treatment group was administered one of the following formulations by enteroclysis gavage once a day for 7 days: 600 mg•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹ mesalazine, 2.4 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹ SQR, and 1.2 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹ SQR. Model 2 rats received normal saline solution. After 7 days colonic samples were collected. While the colonic samples of model 1 group were collected on the 3rd day after TNBS administered. Ultrastructure of ICC in the damaged colonic tissues was observed with transmission electron microscope. Expression of c-kit protein in colonic tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.

RESULTSThe ultrastructure of colonic ICC in the rat model of TNBS-induced colitis showed a severe injury, and administration of SQR or mesalazine reduced the severity of injury. Similarly, the expression of c-kit protein of TNBS-induced colitis rat model was significantly decreased compared with the normal control group (P < 0.05). Treatment with SQR or mesalazine significantly increased the expression of c-kit protein compared with the administration of control formulations (P < 0.05), especially the high-dose SQR group.

CONCLUSIONSQR could alleviate and repair the injured ICC, and improve its quantity, which might be involved in regulating intestinal motility.

Animals ; Colitis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Colon ; cytology ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mesalamine ; therapeutic use ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ; adverse effects

Objective:Using an area in east of China as a case,the paper exploit the methodology to define and visualize the scope of the medical insurance pharmacy service through using ArcGIS and its function modules to analy-zing the basic data including this area's population distribution,address of drugstores,administrative districts,road network and soon.Plan A based on the 15-minute walk distance norm for defining the scopes, shows that this area need to increase 548 medical insurances designated drugstore,the effect of which was service area can be increased by 12.36%,service population can be increased by 10.82%, designated drugstore healthy competition rate can be increased by 8.36%;Plan B based on the 10-minute walk distance norm for defining the scopes, displays that this area need to increase 1197 medical insurance designated drugstore, the effect of which was service area can be in-creased by 15.23%,service population can be increased by 20.49%,designated drugstore healthy competition rate can be increased by 19%.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of claudin-3 in colorectal carcinoma and its association with the occurrence, progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

METHODSForty surgical specimens of colorectal carcinoma and 22 adjacent normal tissues resected between October, 2010 and January, 2013 at Nanfang Hospital were examined for claudin-3 expression using immunohistochemistry, which was analyzed in association with the clinicopathological parameters and the survival of the patients.

RESULTSClaudin-3 was expressed mainly on the cell membrane, and its positivity rate was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues (92.50% vs 59.09%, P<0.05). In 13 cases claudin-3 expression was detected in both the cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues with average expression scores of 4.538 and 3.269, respectively (P<0.05). In the cancer tissues, the strongly positive expression rate was significantly higher in poorly differentiated tissues (85.71%) than in well (21.43%) and moderately (36.48%) differentiated tissues (P<0.05), and was higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without (61.11% vs 22.72%, P<0.05). The strongly positive expression rate of claudin-3 was not correlated with the patients'age, gender, tumor location or tumor size (P>0.05). Of the 33 cancer patients followed up, 14 had a postoperative survival time no longer than 3 years and 19 had longer survival time, and their average expression scores differed significantly (4.50 vs 3.526, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONClaudin-3 is over-expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, and its high expression may promote the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. Claudin-3 may serve as a molecular biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.

PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles were prepared by using organic solvent evaporation method, and their in vivo distribution and brain targeting after intranasal administration were studied as compared with intravenous administration. The results showed that brain targeting coefficient of PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles after intranasal and intravenous administration was 1.65 and 1.16 respectively. The absolute bioavailability, brain-targeting efficiency and the percentage of nasal-brain delivery of PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles were 74.2%, 142.24 and 29.83%, respectively after intranasal administration. The results of fluorescence labeling showed that the fluorescent intensity of coumarin-6 in the brain tissue was the highest after intranasal administration of PLA-α-asarone fluorescent nanoparticles, achieving the purpose of brain-targeted drug delivery. The fluorescent intensity of coumarin-6 in liver tissue after intravenous administration of PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles was much higher than that after intranasal administration, indicating that intranasal administration of PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles could decrease drug-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, the fluorescent intensity of coumarin-6 in lung tissue was weaker after intranasal administration, which solved the shortcomings of intranasal administration of α-asarone dry powder prepared by airflow pulverization method. In vivo studies indicated that PLA-α-asarone nanoparticles after intranasal administration had a stronger brain targeting as compared with intravenous administration.

In this study, the effect of D-cellobiose on oral bioavailability of gentiopicroside (GPS) was investigate. The influence of D-cellobiose on GPS was achieved by calculating the residual GPS after being degraded with β-glucosidase or intestinal flora, and the data demonstrated D-cellobiose could inhibit the degradation of GPS in intestines; in bioavailability experiment, D-cellobiose could significantly improve the oral bioavailability (P<0.05) of GPS at the mass ratio of 1∶5, 1∶10 (GPS-D-cellobiose). D-cellobiose applied in this study may improve the oral bioavailability of GPS through delaying the degradation in intestines.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transpdantation (allo-HSCT) for T lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL).

METHODSThe clinical data of 14 adult patients with T-LBL treated with allo-HSCT were collected, the hematopoietic reconstruction, survival and relapse, as well as overall survival (OS) rate, event-free survival (EFS) rate of 1, 3 and 5 years were analysed retrospectively.

RESULTSAll the patients were engrafted with neutrophil successfully, the median time of absolute neutrophil count >0.5 × 10(9)/L was 13 (10-19) d; 13 patients were engrafted with platelets successfully, the median time of Plt count >20 × 10(9)/L was 17 (12-62) days. The acute GVHD occurred in 6 patients, but among them only 1 case with 3 grade of aGVHD; out of 14 patients, 5 developed chronic GVHD. The transplant-related mortality at 100 days was 7.1% (1/14), mainly from coronary heart disease and pulmonary infection. The median follow-up time was 26.5 months, the estimated 1, 3 and 5 year OS rate was 85.7%, 47.6% and 38.1%, respectively, and estimated 1, 3 year EFS rate was 85.7%, 34.4% and 34.1%, respectively. The relapse rate was 42.8% (6/14) and the median relapse time was 22.5% months after transplantation. Up to now, 7 patients still survive, 1 patient out of them have survived for 103 months.

CONCLUSIONThe allo-HSCT is a safe and effective method for treatment of T-LBL.

Adult ; Disease-Free Survival ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus ; immunology ; Coronavirus Infections ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; immunology