Objective To determine if propofol-remifentanil and isoflurane have any different effects on intrapulmonary shunt during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods Twenty-four ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (18 male, 6 female) aged 42-69 yr undergoing radical esophagus cancer resection via left thoracotomy were randomly divided into 2 equal groups ( n = 8 each) : propofol group (Pro) and isoflurane group (Iso) . The preoperative lung function was normal in both groups. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular diazepam 10 mg and atropine 0.5 mg. Radial artery was cannulated and S-G catheter was placed via right internal jugular vein in pulmonary artery. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5-2.0 mg?kg-1, fentanyl 4 ?g?kg-1 and succinylcholine 1.5 mg?kg-1 and maintained with TCI of propofol and remifentanil (target plasma concentration was set at 3.2 ?g?ml-1 and 4.5 ng?ml-1 ) or isoflurane inhalation ( end- tidal isoflurane concentration = 1.5% -2.5 % ) and intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl. The patients were mechanically ventilated after endobronchial intubation with double-lumen tube (VT = 8-10 ml, RR= 10-12 bpm, I:E = 1:2) . During OLV VT was reduced to 6-8 ml and RR increased to 14-16 bpm.PaCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. ECG, HR, MAP, SpO2, auditory-evoked potential index (AAI), cardiac index (CI), airway pressure and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were continuously monitored during operation. Blood samples were taken from radial artery and pulmonary artery at 10 min after S-G catheter placement (T0, baseline) at 10 min bilateral ventilation (in right lateral position) (T1) at 15, 30, 60, 90 min of OLV (T2-5) for measurement of blood gases and calculation of Qs/Qt.Results The two groups were comparable with respect to age, M/F ratio, body weight and preoperative lung function. AAI was below 30 during operation and PaCO2 and pH were within normal range in both groups. Qs/Qt was significantly increased while PaO2 was significantly decreased during operation (from T1 to T5 ) as compared to baseline values (T0) but Qs/Qt was gradually decreasing while PaO2 was gradually increasing from T2-5 in both groups. Qs/Qt was significantly lower in Pro group than in Iso group at each interval (T2-5) but there was no significant difference in PaO2 at T2-5 between the two groups. Conclusion There is less intrapulmonary shunt during OLV under general anesthesia with propofol-remifentanil than with isoflurane but the difference is not significant enough to affect PaO2.

Objective To investigate the effect of partial liquid ventilation(PLV) with perfluorocarbon(PFC) on pulmonary surfactant during beatment of acute lung injury(ALI) induced by oleic acid. MethodsTwenty-four male Japanese white rabbits weighing 2. 1-2.6 kg were randomly divided into three groups(n = 8 ineach group): groupl: normal animal + mechanical ventilation (MV); group 2: ALI + MV; group 3: ALI +PLV.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 100 mg/kg, trachectomized and mechanicallyventilated (FiO_2 = 1, RR = 35 bpm, I: E = 1: 2, PEEP = 5 cm H_2O, PaCO_2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg byadjustment of tidal volume) .In group 2 and 3 ALI was induced by infusion of oleic acid 150?g/kg via centralvenous catheter over 30 min period. ALI was considered established when PaO_2 /FiO_2 was

Objective To investigate the application effects of ultrasonic scalpel combined with bipolar coag-ulation tweezers on open thyroid surgery.Methods 80 cases of thyroidectomy patients were randomly selected.These patients were divided into two groups by random cluster sampling method,whch were the study group (n =40)and control group (n =40).The control group of patients were given ultracision ligature methods combined with traditional therapy,while the study group of patients were given ultrasonic scalpel combined with bipolar coagulation tweezers treatment.And then the surgical related indicators and complications of the two groups of patients were statistically an-alyzed.Results Compared with the control group of (90.5 ±3.6)min,(6.5 ±0.6)d,(40.5 ±2.0)mL,(50.3 ± 1.4)mL and (6.6 ±0.5)cm,the operative time and length of stay of the study group of patients[(58.5 ±5.4)min and (3.4 ±0.2)d]were significantly shorter (t =6.965,3.143,all P <0.05);the blood loss and postoperative drainage of (5.0 ±1.4)mL and (1.0 ±0.6)mL were significantly less (t =4.541,3.747,all P <0.05);the cut diameter of (3.8 ±0.3)cm was significantly shorter (t =3.365,P <0.05);the complication rate of 2.5% (1 /40) was significantly lower than the control group 10.0%(4 /40)(χ2 =9.35,P <0.05).Conclusion The application effects of ultrasonic scalpel combined with bipolar coagulation tweezers on open thyroid surgery are obvious.

Aim To investigate the change in neuropeptide Y(NPY) Y1 receptor level in infarcted myocardium tissues of (MI) rats. 　Method MI was induced by ligating the left descending anterior coronary artery (LAD) in the heart of rats. The techniques of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to identify the exist of NPY Y1 receptor mRNA in myocardial tissues. The technique of semi-quantitative PCR wa s used to observe the change of NPY Y1 receptor mRNA level. 　Results NPY Y1 receptor mRNA distributed in the heart tissues of rat. Compared with sham operated rats ,the NPY Y1 receptor mRNA level both in infarction area and non-infarction area was increased significantly after MI fo r 1d and 3d. The NPY Y1 receptor mRNA level in the heart tissues of sham-op erated rats was also significantly increased compared with that in control rats . 　Conclusion These results suggest that MI may result in increase NPY Y1 receptor level in the heart tissues of rats. Stre ss stimulation such as surgery may also increase the NPY Y1 receptor level in the heart.

Objective To establish human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) feeder-independent and cell factor-free culture system. Methods Effect of high and low clone densities of hESCs culture was compared and impact of the clone densities to hESCs culture media was analyzed. Results HESCs could maintain their undifferentiated states at high clone density (34 clones/cm2) without cell factors. At the same time,the bone morphology protein (BMP)-like induction of N2 and B27 supplements (NB) medium could be modulated by the clone density,and high level of BMP-like induction was accompanied by high clone density. Conclusion High clone density of hESCs can change the environments by themselves to maintain the undifferentiated states,which provides a new clue to explore the mechanism of undifferentiated states of hESCs and simplify the culture medium.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy on blood glucose levels,anxiety and depression in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Ninety three patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and randomly divided into intervention group (n =48) and control group (n =45).Both groups received diabetes health education,patients in intervention group received additional group cognitive behavioral therapy.The glucose tolerance,glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were measured; the HAMA(Hamilton Anxiety Scale)scores,HAMD(Hamilton Depression Scale)scores and CSQ (Coping Styles Questionnaire) scores in patients were analyzed before and 6 months after treatment.Results After 6-month treatment the fasting blood glucose (6.33 mmol/L vs.5.94 mmol/L),1 h postprandial plasma glucose(12.40 mmol/L vs.11.46 rmool/L),2 h postprandial plasma glucose (10.24 mmol/L vs.9.13 mmol/L),A1 c (6.31％ vs.6.07％) in intervention group were decreased significantly,compared to baseline values (all P ＜ 0.05).The HAMA total score (9.98 vs.8.14),somatic anxiety (3.98 vs.3.48),psychic anxiety(6.00 vs.4.67),HAMD total score(10.74 vs.6.93),anxiety somatic(5.02 vs.3.26),block(2.24 vs.1.38)and sleep disorders(2.40 vs.1.40)in intervention group were all decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).There were significant differences in HAMA total score (8.14 vs.9.15),HAMD total score(6.93 vs.9.33),anxiety somatic(3.26 vs.4.38),block(1.38 vs.1.98)and sleep disorders(1.40 vs.2.03)between the intervention group and control group(P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).And the negative coping style scores in intervention group was also lower than that of the baseline (26.74 vs..29.43).Conclusion The group cognitive behavioral therapy combined with diabetes health education for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may improve the glucose metabolism and depression and anxiety status of patients.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the valsartan concentration in human plasma METHODS:The plasma sample was extracted with a liquid-solid method and determined with HPLC,stationary phase was Hypensil ODS C18(4 6nm?200nm,5?m),mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0 01mol/L KH2PO4 buffer(pH 2 8)(50∶50) The flow rate was 1 5ml/min Detection was performed with fluorescence detector at ?ex 265nm,?em 378nm RESULTS:The retention time of valsartan was about 5 4 minutes,and the linear range of quantity was 0 05～5?g/ml The recoveries of methodology were more than 90%(n=5) Inter-day and intra-day RSD were less then 10%(n=5) CONCLUSION:This method is rapid and accurate It can be applied to determining the plasma valsartan concentration and studying on pharmacokinetics

Objective Platelet activating factor(PAF),which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation in asthma,is degraded and inactivated by PAF acetlhydrolase(PAF AH).To investigate the association of PAF AH activity with genotype in asthmatic children.Methods We studied 57 asthmatic children and 30 normal controls. The plasma PAF AH genotype was detected as representative case with 3 different genotypes (Val/Val,Val/Phe and Phe/Phe) by allele specific polymerase chain reaction(AS PCR).The PAF AH activity in plasam was examined by the changes of substrate assay.Results In severe asthmatic individuals plasma PAF AH activities were lower than those of mild or moderate groups and control group,and plasma PAF AH activition was absent 15.4 %.In another three groups plasma PAF AH activation were absent 2 %-3 %.There was significant difference of plasma PAF AH activity among 3 groups of genotype(Val/Val,Val/Phe and Phe/Phe).In the similar genotype, there was no significant difference of plasma PAF AH activity between the groups of control and asthma.Conclusions There was imbalace of PAF/PAF AH in asthmatic children. In severe asthmatic individuals plasma PAF AH activities were lower than those of mild or moderate groups and control group. PAF AH(Val279Phe) gene mutation was related with plasma PAF AH activity.

BACKGROUND:Accumulating studies have confirmed the excellent effectiveness of local infiltration analgesia, but the literature analysis is mainly limited to within 1 day after total knee arthroplasty or shorter period.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effectiveness of local infiltration analgesia (LIA) at low concentration after total knee arthroplasty, and to observe the analgesic effect at rest and movement states.
METHODS:Thirty patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomly al ocated to control group and LIA group, receiving oral non-steroidal anti nflammatory drug (celebrex) and low concentration of ropivacaine (0.1%) for epidural analgesia. Control group was injected with 0.9%saline 150 mL, while LIA group was injected with equal volume of solution include ropivacaine 300 mg, morphine 5 mg and epinephrine 10μg. The rest pain and motion pain of patients in two groups were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours after operation by using visual analogue scale. The incidence rate and degree of nausea, vomiting, numbness and muscle weakness of the legs were observed after operation. The incision healing was also recorded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Visual analogue scale pain scores in the LIA group were significantly lower than the control group at 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours at rest (P<0.05), at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours on movement (P<0.05). At 6 and 12 hours, there was no difference in the rest and motion pains in the LIA groups (P>0.05). No patient appeared drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting in both groups. Two patients in each group complained of slight numbness in legs. No case influenced function exercise because of muscle weakness. Al the wounds healed and there were no incision infections in two groups. Combined with oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and low concentration of ropivacaine for epidural analgesia, the local infiltration analgesia technique in total knee arthroplasty is effective in early post-operative pain management, and produces no analgesia related adverse reactions.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have confirmed that tissue-engineered stem cel therapy is feasible to repair peripheral nerve injury, but the repair mechanism is unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the differentiation and homing of bone marrow mesechnymal stem cel s under local nerve microenvironment by exploring the migration and effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in the repair of damaged nerve.
METHODS:Male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were selected to establish segmental nerve injury models by freezing the sciatic nerve. Thirty-six model rats were randomized into three groups (n=12):frozen nerve injury group, cel injection into the nerve group, cel injection around the nerve group. Before modeling and at 4, 8, 12 weeks after cel implantation, the sciatic nerve function index was measured. Electrophysiological test, contractility recovery rate, wet weight recovery rate of the triceps surae were detected and Masson staining was performed;toluidine blue staining of the distal nerve injury and immunofluorescence staining of the damaged nerve were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4, 8, 12 weeks after cel implantation, the sciatic nerve function index was ranked as fol ows:frozen nerve injury group