Objective To investigate Hysterothylacium aduncum (Anisakidae) infection in marine fishes from Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Methods Nematodes were collected from the digestive tract of fishes, fixed with hot 4% formalin and preserved in 70% ethanol for study. The specimens were cleared in lactophenol for light microscopical examination, and properly treated for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Among the fishes examined, 14 out of 93 species (15.1%) were found infected by H.aduncum, with a higher prevalence in the fish of Lophius litulon(66.7%), Scomber-omorus niphonius(47.5%), and Gadus macrocephalus(33.3%). H.aduncum infection was first recorded in elasmobranch-Raja smirnovi. Morphological differences of H.aduncum were observed, including the width of lateral alae and the length of intestinal caecum. Conclusion H.aduncum in fishes of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in China may be a complex species, and its high prevalence in some fishes reminds the risk of anisakiasis by eating raw fishes.

Objective To discuss the application of Apofix interlaminar clamp for the treatment of atlantoaxial instability. Methods From April 2000 to July 2004, 30 patients with atlantoaxial instability were treated with posterior atlantoaxial fusion and Apofix fixation. There were 24 males and 6 females. The mean age of the patients was 41 years (range, 19 to 67 years). The patients included 5 with atlantoaxial dislocation, 25 with odontoid fracture (including fresh fracture for 21, old fracture and nonunion for 4; Anderson Ⅱ for 23 and Anderson Ⅲ for 2). After reducted by skull traction, atlanto-occipital space, arcus posterior atlantis and axial laminar were exposed during operation, upper and lower hooks were inserted. The iliac bone graft was inserted into the space of C1 and C2, the connecting rod of the clamp was compressed and fixed. Results The follow-up of all cases ranged from 8 months to 3 years and 10 months (with the mean of 27 months). There were 28 cases with complete reduction of fracture and dislocation, 2 cases in incomplete reduction. The operation time was 70 to 150 minutes, and the average blood loss was 65 ml. Patients could sit up 3 days (2 to 6 days) after surgery with soft collar. The mean off-bed time was 7 days (2 to 10 days) after operation in the patients without or less spinal cord injury. All cases obtained solid bony fusion 3 months postoperatively. No severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord or aggravation of spinal cord injury occurred. Conclusion Apofix interlaminar clamp has advantages of convenience in operation, provided reliable and safe stability for atlatoaxial segment. The results suggested that this technique is an efficient, reliable segmental posterior fixation.

Objective To investigate the causes and prevention on complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP). Methods Forty three cases with 64 vertebrae were performed PVP from May 2001 to October 2003. The incidence of complication was 13 cases (30.2%). Leakage of polymethylmethacry (PMMA) without symptoms occurred in 4 cases. Leakage with pain occurred in 3 cases. No leakage but with pain occurred in 4 cases after the procedure. Fracture of adjacent vertebrae occurred in 2 cases. All cases were followed up from 3 to 29 months (in average of 13.2 months). Results There wasn′t severe complications in 7 leakage cases. The pain in 7 cases was relieved and disappeared at 2-7 days after the procedure. The symptoms of pain in 2 cases of adjacent vertebrae fracture were relieved. Conclusion If sufficient preventive measures are applied before or during the procedure of PVP,the complications may be reduced effectively.

Bilingnal teaching has been practiced to undergraduate eduction at medical university.At the initial period,the bilingual teaching to undergraduate.eduction is not so acceptable for lack of the experionce,textbooks and insufficient commnication between teachers and students.This paper discussed the benefits and applience of bilinqual teahing to undergraduate eduction at ncedica university.

0.05 ). The rate of hypertensive gastropathy, compared with PCDV (66.74%), was significantly attenuated in patiens who underwent PCDV+ORP (22.78%, P

BACKGROUND: The assessment of chronic nerve root injury is mainly depend on indirect evidences of imaging results.OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to find out the relationship between the degrees of the pathological changes of nerve roots and motor evoked potential (MEP) changes due to chronic compression.DESIGN: A self-controlled trial with animals as subjects.SETTING: Spine Surgery Department of the Second Clinical Hospital of Jinan University.MATERIALS: The trial was completed in the Spinal Surgery Department of the Second Clinical Hospital of Jinan University from October 2001 to May 2003. The subjects were 30 healthy cats of either gender weighing 3 to 5 kg.INTERVENTIONS: The compression model was established by wedging a Ⅴ-shape bone flap into the right intervertebral foramens between C7, C8 and T1 vertebrae. The left foramens served as controls. The cats underwent CT examination on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th postoperative week to show the foramen changes. Six randomly selected cats underwent magnetic stimulation MEP each time on the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th week. The injuries to the compressed nerve roots were assessed according to Mackinnon Standard and they were compared with the MEP wave.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Whether the superficial magnetic stimulated MEP monitoring result was in correspondence with the pathological changes of the chronically compressed nerve roots.RESULTS: The MEP did not show any abnormal changes for Grade Ⅰ injury prolonged to 9.6- 10. 2 ms. There was almost no evoke potential at all stimulation points for grade Ⅴ nerve root injury.CONCLUSION: That the injured nerve root presents dysesthesia and normal MEP results suggests grade Ⅰ injury. Prolonged latency including prolonged F wave suggests grade Ⅱ injury. And additional amplitude decrease together with widened and unclassifiable waves implies the injury be grade Ⅲ. The prominent features of grade Ⅳ nerve injury is much more decreased amplitudes and more prolonged latency. For grade Ⅴ injury there is always disappearance of whole MEP or some potential components. The superficial magnetic stimulated MEP monitoring results are in correspondence with the pathological changes of the nerve roots due to chronic compression, which means MEP monitoring results could serve as the quantitative indication to pathological changes of nerve injury.

BACKGROUND: Many clinical cases have proved that the satisfactory reposition, fusion and internal fixation in the internal fixation for inferior lumbar spondylolisthesis are not consistent with the postoperative symptoms and physical signs, and functional restoration.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) in the monitoring during internal fixation for inferior lumbar spondylolisthesis, and the effects of SEP monitoring on the improvement of postoperative symptoms and the spinal functions as well.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Inpatient department of spinal surgery, an affiliated hospital of a university. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two patients with inferior lumbar spomlylolisthesis including 23 male and 29 female cases aged between 18 and 68 years old were admitted by the Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital(Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, from June 2000 to December 2003. All cases were randomly divided into control group(n = 20) and monitor group ( n = 32).METHODS: SEP induced by segmental stimulation in cutaneous nerve was used in the control group for preoperative and intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative follow up. The intraoperative potential changes in patients with excellent and good improvement in postoperative functions had been retrospectively investigated to confirm the effective indices for intraoperative monitoring, which thereby provided references for intraoperative monitoring in patients of monitor group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Evaluation of postoperative spinal function; ② SEP latency and amplitude.RESULTS: SEP values after postoperative anesthesia were set as basis.The manifestations of intraoperative potential alterations: ① If the latency reduced 10% -15% or the amplitude increases more than 40% after fixation, it suggested favorable prognosis; ② The potential indices were stable during monitoring, or the reduction of latency was less than 10%,or the increase of amplitude was less than 30%, the fixation could be continued, and partial functions of nerve root and symptoms could be improved after surgery; ③ During the surgery, if potential indices had transient lluctuation, which could be recovered to basic potential within 15 to 20 minutes, fixation should be stopped during the fluctuation. Still partial functions of nerve root and symptoms could be improved after surgery; ④If the intraoperative latency prolonged more than 5%, or amplitude reduced more than 10%, or part of the components disappeared, or the wave shape dispersed, it might suggest postoperative aggravation of pain and dyskinesia. So intraoperative adjustment was necessary. The coincident rate of the improvement of the indices of intraoperative monitoring and the improvement of postoperative spinal function reached 93.75%.CONCLUSION: SEP induced by segrmental stimulation in cutaneous nerve is an objective and effective method in the monitoring and instruction of decompression, reposition, fixation of internal fixation for inferior lumbar spondylolisthesis, which has important merits in the improvement of the function of nerve root and the restoration of spinal function.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound or CT guided percutaneous Trucut needle biopsy on the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors.Methods One hundred and twenty-four patients clinically diagnosed as pancreatic cancer without pathological diagnosis underwent percutaneous pancreatic biopsy by using Trucut needle under ultrasound or CT guidance.ResultsOne hundred and nine procedures of ultrasound-guided biopsy and 15 procedures of CT-guided biopsy were performed,and one patient received 2.3times of punctures.Tissue samples were obtained in all 124 patients,the diagnostic accuracy was 95.2％,among them 115 were adenocarcinoma,5 were cystadenoma,2 were metastasis cancer,1 was cancer of unknown origin and 1 was normal.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were 99.2％ 100％,and 99.2％,respectively.Transient serum amylase increase was observed in 3 patients; 5 patients' abdominal pain aggravated,but all recovered with conservative management.One patient was found to have tumor seeding on the spot of insertion after 34 days.No other major complications occurred.ConclusionsUltrasound or CTguided percutaneous pancreatic 16 ～ 18G Trucut needle biopsy is a safe and simple procedure with excellent diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer.

Objective To discuss the imaging technology and characteristic of perfusion-weighted imaging in rabbit models of hepatic VX2 tumors. Methods Twenty-eight New Zealand rabbits were implanted in liver with VX2 tumor by tissue block. After routine scans were performed on 1.5 T MR scanner, 28 New Zealand white rabbits with VX2 carcinoma were divided randomly into treatment group and control group. Treatment group was divided randomly into group A, group B and group C, 7 animals per group. Perfusion weighted imaging(PWI) was performed in day 14, 25 and 35, respectively, after tumor implantation in all animals. Select the regions of interest (ROI) of the VX2 tumor center, tumor border and pars-tumor parenchyma. Maximal signal reduction slope ( SRSmax ) of the signal intensity versus time curves were created as quantitative variable, and the parameters were calculated and compared in all groups. Results Maximal signal reduction slope ( SRSmax ) of the signal intensity versus time curves were studied in 4 groups, 23 VX2 rabbits,7,5 and 6 in group A , B and C, respectively. The SRSmax of tumor center were ( 12. 6 ± 3.4), ( 9. 8 ± 2. 6 ) and ( 1.0 ± 0. 4 ), the difference was significant ( F = 10. 855, P < 0. 05 ). The SRSmax of tumor border were(48. 3 ± 2.4), (46. 2 ± 1.5 ) and (43. 6 ± 1.8 ) ( P > 0. 05 ). The SRSmax of para-tumor parenchyma were ( 14.4 ± 3.0 ), ( 12. 2 ± 1. 4 ) and ( 14. 8 ± 5.0 ) ( P > 0. 05 ). The difference was significant in different ROI in treatment groups( F value was 7. 435,8. 625 and 12. 595, respectively, P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion PWI can be used in evaluating the liver tumor angiogenesis and angio-degeneration with the treatment of HIFU. It will be possible for qualitative analysis of rabbit models of hepatic VX2 tumors by different treatments.

Objective To explore the diagnosis value and the mechanism of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in early liver damage of severe acute pancreatitis with secondary infection. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group and the secondary infection of SAP (SISAP) group.The animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of L- arginine and E. coli. After 24 hours, the serum levels of amylase, glutamate aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the variation of TREM-1 expression were tested. The blood and peritoneal fluid samples were collected for bacterial culture.Part of the pancreas and liver tissue were taken for histopathological score under microscope. The expression of TREM-1 at mRNA and protein level in liver tissue was detected through Real-time PCR and Western Blot. Results The histological score of pancreas and liver, serum amylase, ALT and AST were significantly higher in the SAP and SISAP groups than those in C group (P<0. 05), and higher in SISAP group than in SAP group (P<0. 05). The CRP and TNF-a expression in SAP and SISAP groups were higher then those in control group, while there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 262 and 0. 359 , respectively). The positive ratio of bacterial culture in blood and peritoneal fluid was 0(0/8), 12. 5% (1/8), and 100% (8/8) in control group, SAP group and SISAP group respectively. The expression of TREM-lmRNA in liver was 2. 10 ± 0. 33 in SAP group and 4. 58+ 1. 00 in SISAP group, which were significantly higher than that in control group (1. 00,P<0. 05) , and the expression of TREM-1 mRNA in SISAP group was higher than that in SAP group (P < 0.05). The expression of TREM-1 at protein level was higher in SISAP group,significantly stronger than that in control and SAP group. Conclusions TREM-1 may play an important role in the early liver damage caused by severe acute pancreatitis.