Objective:This study aims to investigate the method and clinical outcomes of feeding tube placement and periopera-tive nutritional support for esophageal carcinoma patients. Methods:A total of 513 esophageal carcinoma patients who have undergone radical resection and reconstruction by a single operating group between January 2012 and December 2013 participated this study. Feed-ing tubes were inserted via the nasal path of 497 cases and by jejunostomy in 16 cases. Early enteral nutrition (EN) was administered through the feeding tubes 24 h postoperatively with a stepwise increase, whereas supplementation of parenteral nutrition (PN) was ter-minated until total EN. Results:Feeding tubes were successfully inserted in all patients during operation. No death or nutritional and metabolic disorders were documented during the observation period. No differences in anastomotic fistula, pulmonary complication, and incision infection were identified between the nasointestinal and jejunostomy groups (P>0.05). A higher incidence of intestinal ob-struction was observed in the jejunostomy group than in the nasointestinal group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Effective placement of nasoin-testinal tube and early enteral feeding are safe and effective methods for patients who have undergone esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND:IPS e. max Press porcelain crown has been widely used in clinical restoration because of its aesthetic effect and biological properties. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of IPS e. max Press porcelain crown in esthetic restoration of anterior teeth in terms of marginal adaptation and color match. METHODS:Total y 52 patients with 138 defective anterior teeth (20 males and 32 females, 18-45 years old, including 62 anterior tooth defects, 46 tooth traumas, 30 denticles) were divided into two groups randomly:treatment group (26 cases) and control group (26 cases) were given IPS e.max Press porcelain crown and conditional Co-Cr al oy handcuffed ceramic crowns, respectively. Al the cases were asked for a second visit in 1 week after restoration, and the integrity of ceramic veneer, marginal adaptation, gingival health and color match were evaluated during 6-month and 2-year fol ow-ups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The degrees of satisfaction on the color, shape and adaptation in the treatment group were al higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 6 months after restoration, the marginal adaptation, gingival health and color match in the treatment group were al better than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 2 years after restoration, there was also a significant difference in the marginal adaptation, gingival health and color match between the two groups (P<0.05). IPS e.max Press porcelain crown has the advantages of aesthetics and biological characteristics, so it can be used as an ideal restoration method for esthetic restoration of anterior teeth.

Objective To investigate the behavioral problems and self-concept of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and the correlation between them. Methods The subjects came from a sample survey of primary and middle school students' mental status in 6 regions in Hunan province. Achenbach child behavior checklist (CBCL) was filled out by parents. The Children's self-concept scale (CSCS) was completed by children themselves. Results There were significant differences between the scores of ODD group and the normal control among all CBCL subscales except the activities scale, and the scores for the CSCS scales were all lower in patients with ODD than the control group except for the physical appearance and attributes (P<0.01). In addition, according to correlation analysis, the CBCL scores yielded small but significant correlations with the CSCS scores for children with ODD(P<0.05). Conclusion Children with ODD have generally behavioral problems, poor social competence, and lower self-concept, whose behaviors were correlated with their self-concept.

Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Program Evaluation

Objective To analyze plague epidemic tendency in the Three-River Region of Qinghai.Methods Using retrospective study,the Three-River Region during 1954-2006 year pestis epidemic focus were investigated and analyzed.Result Pestis prevailed mainly in Yushu,Chindu,Qumalai,Nangqian,Zhiduo and the Geermu.Tanghla Township.It was first found that the nature plague focus of miefitus existed in Chengduo County.There are 1 5 kinds of 12 branches in 8 trees infected plague animals were founded,336 Yersinia pestis were separated from the driven objects.Among them there were 291 Himalayas marmot body,account for 86.60%of the total,13 of Tibet sheep,accounts for 3.87%.10 of Qinghai field-mouse,accounts for 2.98%,Also there were 114 Yersinia pestis which were separated from each kind of vector insect in vivo.And,46 pestis strains came from the axe shape of flea in vivo account for 40.35%(46/114),38 pestis strains separated from Xie mountain flea,account for 33.33% (38/114).During 1960-2006 years there were 85 human plague cases were founded,238 occurred,134 died,the case fatality rate wero 56.30%(134/238),the popular seasons were started from May to November,the peak season happened in Aug and Sep.After Oct mainly due to Tibet sheep pestis which will cause as the origin of infection.The majority of sickness was pulmonary plague,account for 49.58%(117/238),whereas the first round case caused by the gland bubonic plague,account for 77.12%(91/118).Conclusions There are two pestis strains natural epidemic focus places in Three-River Source Region of Qinghai including the Himalayas marmot pestis strain and the Qinghai field-mouse pestis strain.The case of human pestis strain causes by the marmot strain,the fiehl-mouse mold mushroom spawn causes human pestis strain has not yet discovered,Three-River Source Region of Qinghai is a pestis strain key popular area in Qinghai Province.

Objective Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) is a common complication of SLE, whose path-ogenesis is not yet clear but associated with the alteration of cerebral blood flow ( CBF) in some studies.This study was to investigate the CBF alteration in SLE patients without overt neuropsychiatric symptoms by arterial spin labeling ( ASL) MRI. Methods Twenty-eight SLE patients without overt neuropsychiatric symptoms and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy controls underwent conventional MRI and ASL examinations, and all received such neuropsychologic tests as number connecting test-A ( NCT-A ) , digit symbol test ( DST ) , self-rating anxiety scale ( SAS ) , and self-rating depression scale ( SDS) .Independent sample-t test was used to detect the mean CBF in the whole brain, gray matter, and white matter of the SLE patients and healthy controls.The voxel-wise CBF maps of the two groups of subjects were further analyzed with the SPM8 software to compare the regional CBF between the two groups, followed by evaluation of the correlation between the regional CBF values and clinical markers. Results In comparison with the healthy controls, the SLE pa-tients showed significantly reduced CBF in the gray matter (40.5 ±3.7 vs 37.3 ±6.5, P=0.028) and the whole brain (38.0 ±3.5 vs 35.1 ±6.1, P=0.032), especially in the supplementary motor area and the adjacent middle cingulate, anterior cingulate, left medial frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left insula (P<0.05, FWE corrected).The NCT-A score was negatively correlated with the CBF values of the left medial frontal gyrus (r=-0.402, P=0.032) and left inferior frontal gyrus (r=-0.382, P=0.045) of the SLE patients. Conclusion ASL and MRI showed significantly reduced cerebral blood flow in the SLE patient without overt neu-ropsychiatric manifestations, which was correlated with the change of the patient's cognitive function.

?AIM:To analyze the clinical features of Terrien marginal degeneration ( TMD) .?METHODS:Fifty-six patients(90 eyes) admitted in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2015 were selected as observation group.At the same period, 56 healthy (88 eyes) for corneal examination were as control group to analyze the clinical features of TMD. With immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunoassay method ( ELISA), the levels of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) in blood samples of TMD patients were tested.?RESULTS:The transparent degree of the eye, lipid deposition in TMD patients with early, advanced, swelling and hole-wearing period were significantly different (χ2=10.85,χ2=65.32, P<0.05).Astigmatism in TMD patients with early and advanced, swelling and hole -wearing period were significantly different (P<0.05).The levels of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and TNF-αin blood samples between the two groups were significantly different ( t=45.326, t=23.564, t=19.86, P<0.05).?CONCLUSION: Terrien's marginal degenerative is an inflammatory disease characterized by increased levels of TNF-α, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR in peripheral blood, decreased corneal transparency, astigmatism and lipid deposition.This research provides experiment evidence for the mechanism of TMD.

By using blind spinal slice whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we observed the influence of etomidate (ET) on synaptic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons of the adult rat spinal cord. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (7~8 weeks old) were anaesthetized with urethane (1.2 g/kg, i.p.), and then lumbosacral laminectomy was performed. The lumbosacral spinal cord (L1~S3) was removed and placed in preoxygenated Krebs solution at 1~3 degrees C. After cutting all of the ventral and dorsal roots, the pia-arachnoid membrane was removed. The spinal cord was mounted on a vibrating microslicer and then a 500 microm thick transverse slice was cut. The slice was placed on a nylon mesh in the recording chamber, and then perfused at a rate of 15~20 ml/min with Krebs solution saturated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, and maintained at 36+/-1 degrees C. Substantia gelatinosa neurons were identified by their location. Under a binocular microscope and with transmitted illumination, the substantia gelatinosa was clearly discernible as a relatively translucent band across the dorsal horn. The resistance of patch clamp electrodes was 8~12 Msigma. Signals were gained by using an Axopatch 200B amplifier with low-passfiltered at 5 kHz, and digitized at 333 kHz with an A/D converter. The results are as follows. (1) To see whether or not ET has any effects on the local miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC), the holding potential was set up at -70 mV. Under such a condition extracellular superfusion was made with 1 micromol/L TTX for 2 min first, which was followed by consistent application of 500 micromol/L ET and 1 micromol/L TTX for 1 min. It was shown that ET did not influence the decay time, frequency and amplitude of mEPSC, when compared to the control. (2) To see whether or not ET has any effects on the local miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSC) mediated by GABA(A) receptor, the holding potential was set up at 0 mV. Under this condition extracellular superfusion was made with 1 micromol/L TTX and 1 micromol/L strychnine, an antagonist of glycine receptor, for 2 min, and then with consistent application of 50 micromol/L ET, 1 micromol/L TTX and 1 micromol/L strychnine for 1 min. ET prolonged the decay time of GABAergic mIPSC by 45.57+/-12.46% (P<0.05), but did not influence the frequency and amplitude of GABAergic mIPSC, when compared with the control. (3) To see whether or not ET has any effects on the local mIPSC mediated by glycine receptor, the holding potential was also set up at 0 mV, and under this condition extracellular superfusion was made with 1 mmol/L TTX and 10 mmol/L bicuculline, an antagonist also set up at 0 mV, and under this condition extracellular superfusion was made with 1 micromol/L TTX and 10 micromol/L bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA(A) receptor, for 2 min, and then with consistent application of 50 micromol/L ET, 1 micromol/L TTX and 10 micromol/L bicuculline for 1 min. ET had no effects on decay time, frequency and amplitude of glycinergic mIPSC. The above-mentioned results show that ET plays anesthetic or analgesic roles by modulating the decay time of GABAergic mIPSC, i.e. by prolonging the mean open time of GABA(A) receptors, however, ET has no direct effect on local excitatory synaptic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons of the adult rat spinal cord.
Anesthetics, Intravenous ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Etomidate ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neurons ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, GABA ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord ; physiology ; Substantia Gelatinosa ; physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; drug effects

AIM AND METHODSTo investigate DNA strand damage in a model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro, model of ischemia/reperfusion was produced by incubating the primary neuronal cultures to various durations of hypoxia and glucose deprivation (HGD). DNA single and double strand breaks were detected using PANT and TUNEL staining respectively.

RESULTSA few cell death occurred after 2 h of HGD. Less than 30 percent of cell died after 4 h of HGD, whereas 6-8 h of HGD resulted in cell death in 80 percent of neurons. Neuronal cell death reached the peak 10-18 h after 6 h of HGD, while it took as early as 2 h after 8 h of HGD. Following HGD, PANT positive cells were remarkably increased, which was proportional to the duration of HGD. At 5 minutes after 2, 4, 6 or 8 h of HGD, PANT positive cells were 30%, 50%, 80%, 90% respectively. Meanwhile, no determined in another cultures, DNA double strain breaks were not significantly increased.

CONCLUSIONDNA strain breaks is a very early event of DNA damage following in vitro ischemia/reperfusion, especially DNA single strain breaks.

Animals ; Cell Death ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; DNA Breaks ; DNA Damage ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Neurons ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; pathology

4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase is a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in higher plant and may regulate the biosynthesis of ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis. In this study, the homology-based cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique were used to clone a full length cDNA encoding 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase gene (4CL), and then qRT-PCR was taken for analyzing 4CL gene expression levels in the root, stem and root tissue at different growth stages of seedlings of A. sinensis. The results showed that a full-length 4CL cDNA (1,815 bp) was obtained (GenBank accession number: KT880508) which shares an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 632 bp, encodes 544 amino acid polypeptides. We found 4CL gene was expressed in all tissues including leaf, stem and root of seedlings of A. sinensis. The expressions in the leave and stem were increased significantly with the growth of seedlings of A. sinensis (P < 0.05), while it in the root showed little change. It indicates a time-space pattern of 4CL gene expression in seedlings of A. sinensis. These findings will be useful for establishing an experiment basis for studying the structure and function of 4CL gene and elucidating mechanism of ferulic acid biosynthesis and space-time regulation in A. sinensis.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Angelica sinensis ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Coenzyme A Ligases ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data