Aged ; Anthracosis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; physiopathology ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; complications ; physiopathology

Humans ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

Hypertension is one of main risk factors for the occurrence and death of stroke and coronary heart disease. Its prevalence rate is rising year by year. It severely threatens the health of the human beings. The acupuncture method of "activating blood and dispersing wind, harmonizing Gan-Pi" for treating hypertension launched by Academician SHI Xue-min has aroused great attention due to good cur- ative effect and less adverse reactions. In this paper principles of the circular motion covered by the acupuncture method of "activating blood and dispersing wind, harmonizing Gan-Pi" were clarified.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Humans ; Hypertension ; therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Wind

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; Uveitis, Anterior ; etiology

Objective To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) and improve its early diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical and echocardiogram data of all inpatients with PAH in Pediatric Department of Peking University First Hospital between May 1995 and May 2007 were retrospectively analyzed for age,sex,etiology,symptoms and echocardiographic measurement of pulmonary artery pressure.Data were divided into groups according to different etiology and statistics.Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure(sPAP) values estimated from the tricuspid regurgitant velocity by Doppler echocardiography were compared among different groups.Cases who were not belonged to the first category of the Venice Clinical Classification of pulmonary hypertension were not included.Results Totally 276 cases,168 boys and 108 girls were diagnosed to have PAH.Age ranged from 1 month to 17 years,median age was 9 months.Most of pediatric PAH was associated-PAH(267 cases,96.7%),while idiopathic PAH took a small part(9 cases,3.3%).Congenital heart disease-associated PAH(CHD-PAH) was predominant(245 cases,88.7%) and left to right shunt was the main lesion (217 cases,88.6%),while complex lesion-associated PAH comprised 28 cases(11.4%).Connective tissue disease associated PAH(CTD-PAH) was the second common among this group of pediatric PAH patients(19 cases,6.9 %).The incidence of PAH in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),juvenile rheumatoid arteritis and takayasu arteritis were 10.3 %(13/126),8.7%(4/46),15.4%(2/13),respectively.The other 3 cases of PAH were associated with portal hypertension(2 cases) and thalassanemia(1 case).The estimated sPAP from tricuspid regurgitant velocity in 8 cases with idiopathic PAH[(74.6?23.9) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)]was higher significantly compared with those of 33 cases of CHD-PAH [(58.0?19.7) mmHg ] and 12 cases of CTD-PAH [(49.6?18.9) mmHg] respectively(t=-2.052,-2.609 Pa

To enhance the quality and efficiency of ozagrel by investigating the differences between the ozagrel polymorphs in bioavailability. Solid ozagrel in different polymorph forms were orally administered to SD rats. An HPLC method was established to determinate plasma level of ozagrel. The bioavailabilities of two polymorph forms were calculated and compared. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ozagrel, were as follows: Cmax was 32.72 ± 17.04 and 34.01 ± 19.13 mg · L(-1), respectively; AUC0-t was 61.14 ± 14.76 and 85.56 ± 18.08 mg · L(-1) · h, respectively; t½ was 1.53 ± 0.51 and 4.73 ± 3.00 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between form I and II polymorphs of ozagrel while the t½ of form II is longer, which indicates that the use of form II polymorph as pharmaceutical product may prolong the effective action time in clinics. This would help the polymorph quality control in drug production.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Methacrylates ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To demonstrate the carbonic anhydrase Ⅲ (CAⅢ) for 25 000 protein decreased in skeletal muscle of myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The protein molecular properties responsible to antibodies against 25 000 protein and CAⅢ were analyzed by a combination method of two-dimensional electrophoresis and immuno-Western blot. Competitive binding reactions of the antibodies to the purified 25 000 protein and muscular homogenate were observed by using immuno-Dot blot and immuno-Western blot, respectively. The expression of CAⅢ from normal and MG muscles was detected by immuno-Western blot. Results Combination analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis and immuno-Western blot showed that the protein of immunological responsible to antibodies against 25 000 protein and CAⅢ had an identical molecular mass and isoelectric point. Competitive binding reactions proved that 25 000 protein and CAⅢ were the same substance, either by immuno-Dot blot or by immuno-Western blot. In addition, a much similar result was obtained when the levels of 25 000 protein from normal and MG muscles were detected by antibodies against 25 000 protein and (CAⅢ) by immuno-Western blot. Conclusion 25 000 protein decreased in the MG skeletal muscle was proved to be just a known protein CAⅢ, which made a basis for further exploring the relationship of CAⅢ deficiency and MG pathogenesis.

Objective To investigate whether the protein kinase C inhibitor can promote the apopto- sis of multidrug resistance tumor cell lines which are induced by chemotherapy drugs.Methods Choose the KB/S(oral squamous cancer cell line)and KB/VCR(its multidrug resistant cell line)to compare the Adri- amycin-induced apoptosis with or without staurospolin(protein kinase C inhibitor).The apoptosis is stained with acridine orange,tested by flow cytometry,and approved by electron microscope.Results 36 hours after the treatment with 0.04 ?g/ml adriamycin,apoptotic cells of KB/S are 96.68%,and after 48 hours,the apop- totic cells of KB/VCR are 64.99%.When the concentration of adriamycin are augmented to 0.4?g/ml and 2.0?g/ml,the apoptotic cells of KB/VCR are 69.74% and 37.18% respectively.When treated with stau- rospolin together,the apoptotic cells of KB/VCR increased to 72.58%(?~2=4.5,P0.05)respectively.These results were testified by electron microscope and acridine orange-stain.Conclu- sion The resistance to apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms of multidrug resistance and the protein ki- nase C inhibitor may reverse this resistance by promoting the apoptosis of multidrug resistance tumor cells.

OBJECTIVELightheadedness, dizziness, chest discomfort, headache, pallor, palpitation, blurred vision, fatigue, and syncope are main symptoms of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), but they are also common problems in clinical pediatrics. Besides, most of POTS cases have normal findings in routine examinations on cardiac and central nervous system. Therefore, they are often unable to be correctly diagnosed and treated in time. Since head-up tilt test (HUT) was introduced to diagnose unexplained syncope in children, it was discovered that the most common pattern of unexplained syncope in children was vasovagal syncope. But in the course of the investigation, we and other groups identified a large subgroup of patients who had a less severe form of orthostatic intolerance characterized by postural tachycardia, lightheadedness, dizziness, and chest discomfort, etc. This disorder has become generally known as the POTS, which in children is not rare, but its report was not seen in China so far. The aim of this article is to recognise the clinical pictures of POTS in children and to explore its diagnostic criteria and therapeutic protocol.

METHODSAll 28 pediatric patients of POTS who met the diagnostic criteria were selected to be the observation group. Age and sex distribution were observed, and the duration of symptoms, baseline heart rate and blood pressure were also recorded. The frequency of symptoms, the rate of misdiagnosis and the efficiency of therapeutic protocol were also analysed.

RESULTSTwenty-eight patients were diagnosed as POTS, occupying 31.8% of all unexplained syncope or lightheadedness in children. Eleven were males and 17 females. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.5. All the 28 cases were from 6 to 16 years old, 5 of which were < 10 years and 23 were from 10 to 16 years old, including 10. The duration of symptoms of POTS in children was from 1 month to 6 years. The average was about 13 months, and more than one half were in 6 months. The most common orthostatic symptoms were lightheadedness or dizziness, syncope, chest discomfort, pallor and blurred vision associated with nausea and/or vomiting. During HUT or standing, an increase in heart rate > 35 beats per minute within 10 minutes was the most common finding, and some were associated with > 120 beats per minute within 10 minutes after HUT or standing up. The average time of the occurrence of abnormal responses was about 5 minutes. Especially, we found only 36% of patients were diagnosed with standing up test. Most of them were diagnosed with HUT. POTS in children was misdiagnosed as epilepsy or myocarditis in 43% patients. Multiple treatment protocol including health education and supportive, physical and medical therapy were most helpful in children with POTS.

CONCLUSIONPOTS is commonly seen in school-aged girls. The common symptoms include dizziness, syncope and chest distress. HUT is an important tool in its diagnosis. A comprehensive therapeutic regimen is recommended in the treatment.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Tilt-Table Test

OBJECTIVESyncope is one of the common problems in clinical pediatrics. In recent years, vasovagal reflex was identified as the most common reason for unexplained syncope. Head-up tilt test (HUT) was regarded as one of the important diagnostic criteria. But the sensitivity of baseline head-up tilt test (BHUT) is low. To improve the sensitivity of HUT, we evaluated the diagnostic value of head-up tilt testing potentiated with sublingual nitroglycerin (SNHUT) in children with unexplained syncope.

METHODSTwenty-five patients (11 male and 14 female, mean age 11.8 +/- 2.1 years, ranged from 8 to 15) with unexplained syncope and 10 healthy children in control group (5 male and 5 female, mean age 11.4 +/- 2.1 years, ranged from 9 to 15) were studied. The patients and healthy children were tilted upright to 60 degrees for 45 minutes at BHUT. If syncope did not occur, sublingual nitroglycerin (4 - 6 microg/kg, maximum dose 300 microg) was administered, and continued at same degree for 20 minutes.

RESULTSCompared with controls, there was no significant difference in sex, age, supine blood pressure and supine heart rate of syncopal group (P > 0.05). During BHUT, 12 patients (48%) and none of the controls had positive response, whereas another 8 patients and 2 controls had positive response during SNHUT. In syncopal group, total positive rate was 80%. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic value of SNHUT were all 80%. During SNHUT, the mean time to positive response was 5.9 +/- 2.9 minutes (from 4 to 11 minutes), and only 1 patient had mild headache.

CONCLUSIONHead - up tilt testing potentiated with sublingual nitroglycerin (4 - 6 microg/kg, maximum dose 300 microg) as pharmacological provocation test was a useful and an objective diagnostic tool for evaluating vasovagal syncope in children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nitroglycerin ; administration & dosage ; Posture ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Syncope, Vasovagal ; diagnosis ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage