Objective To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning on the brain against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism.Methods Seventy-five male gerbils weighing 60-80 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 15 each): group A sham operation (sham) ; group B I/R; group C isoflurane + I/R (ISO); group D 5-HD (mito-KATP channel blocker) + I/R (5-HD) and group E 5-HD + isoflurane + I/R (5-HD+ISO). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (i.p.) 10% chloral hydrate 0.35 g?kg-1 . Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 5 min and confirmed by isoelectric potential on EEG. In ISO group the animals inhaled 1.2%-1.5% isoflurane for 30 min followed by 30 min wash-out period before I/R. In 5-HD group 5-HD 10 mg?kg-1 was injected i.p. 30 min before I/R. In 5-HD+ ISO group 30 min after i.p. 5-HD 10 mg?kg-1 , isoflurane was inhaled as in ISO group. The animals were killed 24 h after global cerebral ischemia and their forebrains were excised for (1) electron microscopic examination of mitochondria and (2) measurement of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) (ultraviolet spectrophotometer) and (3) calcium content in mitochondria (spectrophoto-fluorometer) . Results Marked swelling of mitochondria with disrupted cristae and damaged matrix were observed in group I/R (B) , 5-HD (D) and 5-HD + ISO (E) while in sham (A) and ISO (C) groups relative intact mitochondria were seen. The mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration was significantly higher and MPTP more open in I/R (B), 5-HD (D) and 5-HD+ ISO (E) groups than in sham (A) and ISO (C) groups (P

Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Humans ; Magnets ; Male ; Prosthesis Failure

OBJECTIVETo reveal the possible mechanism involved in patella-femoral degenerative arthritis (PFDA) in- duced by torsion-deformity of tibia via analyzing the relationship between torsion-deformity of the tibia in patients with PFDA and the disorder of patella-femoral joint under the static and dynamic conditions.

METHODSFrom October 2009 to October 2010, 50 patients (86 knees, 24 knees of male patients and 62 knees of female patients) with PFDA were classified as disease group and 16 people (23 knees, 7 knees of males and 16 knees of females) in the control group. The follow indexes were measured: the torsion-angle of tibia on CT scanning imagings, the patella-femoral congruence angle and lateral patella-femoral angle under static and dynamic conditions when the knee bent at 30 degrees of flexion. Based on the measurement results, the relationship between the torsion-deformity of tibias and the disorders of patella-femoral joints in patients with PFDA were analyzed. Finally,the patients were divided into three groups including large torsion-angle group, small torsion-angle group and normal group according to the size of torsion-angle, in order to analyze the relationship between torsion-deformity and disorders of patella-femoral joint, especially under the dynamic conditions.

RESULTSCompared with patients without PFDA, the ones with PFDA had bigger torsion-angle (30.30 ± 7.11)° of tibia, larger patella-femoral congruence angle (13.20 ± 3.94)° and smaller lateral patella-femoral angle (12.30 ± 3.04)°. The congruence angle and lateral patella-femoral angle under static and dynamic conditions had statistical differences respectively in both too-big torsion-angle group and too-small torsion-angle group. The congruence angle and lateral patella-femoral angle under static and dynamic conditions had no statistical differences in normal torsion-angle group.

CONCLUSIONTorsion-deformity of tibia is the main reason for disorder of patella-femoral joint in the patients with PFDA. Torsion-deformity of tibia is always accompanied by instability of patella-femoral joint,especially under the dynamic condition, thus causing PFDA. It can not only provide arrangement information and degenerative condition of patella-femoral joint,but also provide guidance through the analysis on the relationship for better clinical prevention and early treatment of degenerative bone and joint disease.

Adult ; Female ; Femur ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Patella ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Tibia ; diagnostic imaging ; Torsion Abnormality ; complications ; diagnostic imaging

Objective: To inquire into the testis gene change of mouse model with kidney-yang deficiency induced by overfatigue and excessive sexual life, the modern science mechanism of syndrome of kidney-yang deficiency and kidney controlling reproduction can be revealed on the gene level. Methods: The model of kidney-yang deficiency was established by each male mouse with six female mice keeping in the same cage, and all the male mice were forced to swim for 30-40 minutes everyday lasting for four weeks. The testis genes of mice in control group and model group were detected with Mouse OneArrayTM Whole Genome DNA microarray. The differentially expressed genes were screened under the condition of the relative fluorescence intensity ratio of the two groups ≥2 and ≤0.5 and further classified according to gene function by using Molecule Annotation System (MAS) created by CapitalBio Corp. Beijing, China. Results: The mouse model with kidney-yang deficiency was established successfully by the method of overfatigue and excessive sexual life. The scatter plot of gene expression profiles of comparing control group with model group was drawn. Differentially expressed genes were screened, including 2425 up-regulated genes and 3080 down-regulated genes. Among the first one hundred up-regulated genes, 41 genes were known and among the first one hundred down-regulated genes, 62 genes were known. These genes were mainly related to the cellular structure/function, material/energy metabolism, signal transduction/transmission, inflammation/immunization, cell apoptosis, transcription/translation,proliferation/differentiation and cell cycle. Conclusion: The testis gene of kidney-yang deficiency mouse had a wide change. The essence of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome and the theory of the kidney originating and controlling life reproduction were explained on the gene level.

In this paper, the action of suet oil in the preparation of self-assembled micelles of the active flavonoids in Epimedium in the simulated human environment was researched. Twelve suet oil samples were collected from different growing areas and different positions of sheep or goat to simulate the formation of micelles. Then the effects of the fatty acids in suet oil on the preparation of self-assembled micelles were studied furthermore. The results showed that the micelles had a dispersed state and spherical smooth surface. To compare the diameter, potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the 12 batches micelles, the micelles prepared by the suet oil from Qinghai were more stable and had a higher encapsulation efficiency. The fatty acids in suet oil could promote the formation of self-assembled micelles, but the whole suet oil had a better effect. Above all the study, we confirmed that the suet oil promoted the formation of self-assembled micelles of the flavonoids in Epimedium, it laid foundation for further research about increasing the efficacy of Epimedium and improved the absorption of the active flavonoids in Epimedium.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; China ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Electric Conductivity ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Fatty Acids ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Geography ; Goats ; Humans ; Micelles ; Oils ; chemistry ; Sheep

The formulation for sustained release tablet of Epinedium component was selected and the evaluation equation of in vitro release was established. The liquidity of component was improved with the help of colloidal silica aided by spray drying, which would be the main drug in the sustained release tablets. Dissolution was selected as an evaluation index to investigate skeletal material type, fillers, impact porogen, lubricants and other materials on the quality of sustained release tablet. The sustained release tablets were prepared by dry compression. Formulation of sustained release preparations was main drug 35%, HPMC K(4M) 20% and HPMC K(15M) 10% as skeleton material, MCC 31% as filler, PEG6000 2% as porogen and magnesium stearate 2% as lubricant. The sustained release tablets released up to 80% in 8 h. The zero order equation, primary equation and Higuchi equation could simulate the release characteristics of sustained release tablets in vitro, the correlation coefficients r were larger than 0.96. The primary equation was most similar in vitro release characteristics and its correlation coefficient r was 0.9950. The preparation method is simple and the results of formulation selection are reliable. It can be used to guide the production of Epimedium component sustained release preparations.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Tablets ; chemistry

This study aims to analyse the value of CODEHOP RT-PCR in the detection of Flavivirus. According to the amino acid sequences of polyproteins of different flaviviruses published in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed using the CODEHOP method. One-step RT-PCR was used to detect Japanese encephalitis virus strain JEV1201, Dengue virus strain JKD001, and yellow fever virus vaccine YV6161. BLAST analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed after the RT-PCR products of nucleocapsid genes were sequenced. The results showed that this method could amplify Flavivirus specifically, and the size and sequence of the target fragment accorded with the anticipated result. JEV1201 had the highest homology to Japanese encephalitis virus strain YL2009-4/YC2009-3, belonging to the branch of the phylogenetic tree of Japanese encephalitis virus strains. JKD001 had the highest homology to Dengue virus strain DENV-2/ID/1022DN/1975, belonging to the branch of the phylogenetic tree of Dengue virus strains. YV6161 had the highest homology to Yellow fever virus strain 17D, belonging to the branch of the phylogenetic tree of Yellow fever virus strains. In conclusion, the method of CODEHOP RT-PCR can be effectively used to detect, identify, and phylogenetically analyse Flavivirus.
DNA Primers ; genetics ; Flavivirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Flavivirus Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of ?-ray irradiation on rat vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC). Methods The ef fect of ?-ray irradiation on proliferation of VSMC was observed by 3?H-TdR incor poration. After ?-ray irradiation, the VSMC cell cycle change was detected b y flo w cytometry. The expression of p53, cyclin D and PCNA was investigated by Wester n Blot. Results The inhibitory effect of ?-ray irradiation on VSMC proliferati on was dose-dependent. After ?-ray irradiation, VSMC was arrested in G 1 st age, w ith the expression of p53 increased but the expression of cyclin D and PCNA decr eased. Conclusions ?-ray irradiation can inhibit the proliferation of VSMC. T he main mechanism is probably due to the induction of cell cycle arrest and inhi bition of the VSMC mitosis ,during which process, p53,cyclin D and PCNA all pla y an important role .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characters and changes of peripheral white blood cells and lymphocyte subsets of patients with influenza B virus infection and to provide evidences for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of influenza B virus infection.

METHODSPeripheral white blood cell parameters and the percentages of lymphocyte subsets in acute and recovery phases of 47 cases of influenza B virus infection patients(32 mild cases and 15 severe cases)were investigated and analyzed,and compared respectively with those of 38 cases of healthy people using whole blood cell analysis and flow cytometry.

RESULTSPeripheral white blood cell counts of mild cases decreased greatly but peripheral white blood cell counts and the neutrophils of severe cases increased significantly in acute phase; the peripheral lymphocytes, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19 of all patients with influenza B virus infection decreased greatly in acute phase and quickly recovered in recovery phase;there were similar characteristics of change in NK cells between patients with influenza B virus and healthy people. NK cells absolute counts of severe cases decreased significantly in acute phase.

CONCLUSIONPeripheral white blood cell counts and the neutrophils of increased significantly in acute phase and the great decrease of NK cells absolute counts of patients with influenza B virus infection may suggest the severe tendency of diseases.

Adolescent ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza B virus ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; blood ; immunology ; virology ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Male

1H NMR metabonomics approach was used to reveal the chemical difference of urine between patients with Xiao-Chaihu Tang syndrome (XCHTS) and healthy participants (HP). The partial least square method was used to establish a model to distinguish the patients with Xiao-Chaihu-Tang syndrome from the healthy controls. Thirty-four endogenous metabolites were identified in the 1H NMR spectrum, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed the urine of patients with Xiao-Chaihu Tang syndrome and healthy participants could be separated clearly. It is indicated that the metabolic profiling of patients with Xiao-Chaihu Tang syndrome was changed obviously. Fifteen metabolites were found by S-pot of OPLS-DA and VIP value. The contents of leucine, formic acid, glycine, hippuric acid and uracil increased in the urine of patients, while threonine, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, acetamide, 2-oxoglutarate, citric acid, dimethylamine, malonic acid, betaine, trimethylamine oxide, phenylacetyl glycine, and uridine decreased. These metabolites involve the intestinal microbial balance, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways, which is related with the major symptom of Xiao-Chaihu Tang syndrome. The patients with Xiao-Chaihu Tang syndrome could be identified and predicted correctly using the established partial least squares model. This study could be served as the basis for the accurate diagnostic and reasonable administration of Xiao-Chaihu-Tang syndrome.
Humans ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Syndrome ; Urinalysis