ObjectiveTo determine the genotypes of human papillomavirus(HPV) and to estimate their correlations with recurrence of perianal and anal condyloma acuminatum(CA) among men who have sex with men(MSM) in Shanghai.MethodsTissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of perianal or anal CA in 57 MSM.Flow-through hybridization and gene chip were used to determine the genotypes of HPV in these specimens.Follow-up was carried out to observe the recurrence of CA in these patients after CO2 laser treatment.ResultsOf the 57 specimens,56(98.2％) were positive for HPV,and a total of 11 HPV subtypes were identified.The predominant genotypes were HPV 11 (42 cases,75％ ) and HPV 6 (30 cases,53.6％),sequentially followed by HPV 16 (8 cases,14.3％),HPV 18 (4 cases,7.1％),HPV 33 (2 cases,3.6％),HPV 59(2 cases,3.6％),HPV cp8304 (2 cases,3.6％),HPV 31 (1 case,1.8％) and HPV 35 (1 case,1.8％).Of the HPV-positive specimens,64.3％(36/56) harbored low risk HPV types(11 and/or 6),and 35.7 ％ (20/56) harbored high risk HPV types.Among the 20 specimens positive for high risk HPV,17(85％) harbored both low risk- and high risk-HPV genotypes.During the 6-month follow-up after CO2 laser treatment,recurrence was observed in 95％ of patients with high risk HPV and 66.7％ of patients with low risk HPV (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsAmong MSM with perianal and anal CA in Shanghai,the predominant genotypes of HPV are low risk types 11 and 6; high risk HPV infection is usually complicated by low risk HPV infection; the recurrence of CA is higher in patients with high risk HPV than in those with low risk HPV.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanisms of taurine (Tau) preventive effect on neurotoxicity induced by manganese (Mn) in rat's prefrontal cortex.

METHODSSD rats were divided into four groups after one week of observation: normal control:the group animals received daily intraperitoneal (ip.) injections of sterile saline for 3 months; Mn treated group (Mn): rats received ip. injection of MnCl(2).4H(2)O once a day for 3 months; Tau preventive group (Mn + Tau): The Mn level of this group were the same as Mn's, the Tau level 200 mg/kg, three times per week, for 3 months; Tau treated group (Mn-->Tau): After received the daily injection of Mn as Mn group for 3 months, the rats received Tau three times per week for 3 months. The dose of Mn and Tau were the same as above. The experiment lasted 6 months.

RESULTS(1) Mn induced apoptosis of neurons in rat's prefrontal cortex. The ratio of apoptosis of neurons in the Mn treated group [(20.0 +/- 4.3)%] was higher than that of the control group [(1.8 +/- 2.1)%] (P < 0.05) and the ratio of apoptosis in Tau preventive group (Mn + Tau) was lower than that of the Mn treated group (P < 0.05). (2) The production of MDA in Mn treated group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05) and the activity of SOD was lower than that in the control group. In Tau preventive group (Mn + Tau), Tau increased the activity of SOD and decreased the production of the MDA, with the significant difference level compared to the Mn treated group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMn induces apoptosis in rat's prefrontal cortex neurons. The main mechanisms of Tau preventing cytotoxicity against Mn is the reduction of the oxidative stress in prefrontal cortex neurons.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drug Antagonism ; Male ; Manganese ; toxicity ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Prefrontal Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Taurine ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of neurosyphilis presenting clinically with cerebral infarction and study its treatment and prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 41 patients with neurosyphilis who presented clinically with cerebral infarction. The clinical manifestations, neurological deficit scores, activity of daily life (ADL) scores, mental scale scores, and laboratory and imaging examination results of the patients were analyzed. Results Of the 41 patients, 23 exhibited reduced intelligence, 30 had limb paralysis, 8 had limb numbness, 2 complained of dizziness, and 1 experienced epileptic attacks. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of brain atrophy and multiple infarction foei without obvious space-occupying effect of cerebral edema in these patients. All the patients showed positive results of serum and cerebrospinal fluid Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). After treatment with high-dose penicillin, 95.1% of the patients had improvements of the clinical symptoms. Conclusion The diverse clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis often result in misdiagnosis of the disease. Patients with neurosyphilis show multiple cerebral infarction foci and cerebral atrophy without obvious space-occupying effect on MRI. Penicillin can be an effective treatment in such cases, which generally have low rate of negative TPHA within 3 months. Such patients have more favorable clinical outcomes than those with common cerebral infarction, but poor prognosis is indicated in cases with concurrent extensive cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the detection rate and hematologic phenotype of HKαα thalassemia in south Guangxi, in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of thalassemia and prenatal and postnatal care consultation in this region. METHODS: Gene testing was performed on pre-marital medical examinations, pre-pregnancy eugenic health examinations, prenatal examinations and hospitalized thalassemia-positive persons in south of Guangxi, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 183 190 thalassemia patients were included in this study, the age was mainly concentrated in 26-35 years old (101 709 cases, accounting for 55.521%), and 40 HKαα mutations were detected, detection rate was 0.022%, including 5 cases in Nanning, 22 cases in Qinzhou, 2 cases in Fangchenggang, 11 cases in Beihai. A total of 29 ethnic groups were included in the survey, but HKαα gene was observed only in Han nationality (0.0380%) and Zhuang nationality (0.0068%). A total of 8 genotypes carrying HKαα mutations were detected in this study ( HKαα/--^SEA, β^N/ β^N, HKαα/αα, β^-28/ β^N, HKαα/αα, β^-50/ β^N, HKαα/αα, β^CD17/ β^N, HKαα/αα, β^CD27/28/β ^N, HKαα/αα, β^CD41-42/ β^N, HKαα/αα, β^CD71-72/ β^N, and HKαα/αα, β^N/ β^N). Except for most cases with HKαα/αα, β^N/ β^N genotypes with no significant changes in the hematological indexes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) of other genotypes were decreased, showing microcytic hypochromic performance, mild anemia or no anemia. CONCLUSION HKαα carrier is often misdiagnosed as -α^3.7 carrier, which easily leads to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the diagnostic level of laboratory testing personnels and genetic counselors to avoid unnecessary interventional puncture operations and birth of children with moderate and severe thalassemia.
Child ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Adult ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; China ; Genotype ; Phenotype ; Mutation

Objective To establish an animal model of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (SD) and an animal model for perifornical nucleus microdialysis and investigate the change of cognition, hypocretinergic system and GABAergic system in rats' hypothalamus after various degrees of REM sleep deprivation and sleep revival and two GABAergic drugs intervention. Methods The modified multiple platform method (MMPM)was used to establish sleep deprivation model and the cognitive function was assessed by Morris' water maze. Immunofluorescence technique was used to analyze the number of Hypocretin (Hcrt) immunoreactive neurons, total Fos immunoreactive neurons, Hcrt and Fos colabeled neurons, and the integrated optical density ( IA ) of GABAA Rαl immunoreactive area in rats' hypothalamus.High performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was used to quantitatively analyze the level of GABA and Gluin in the rats' hypothalamus. Two GABAergic drugs, a selective GABAA R antagonist, SR-95531, and a selective blocker of type 1 GABA transporter (uptake blocker), NO-711, were used for perifornical nucleus microdialysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in tests between CC and TC ( Define CC and TC). There was a significant decrease (P ＜ 0. 05 ) of cognitive function measured by Morris maze test in SD 3 d, SD 5 d and RS 6 h of SD groups compared with CC and TC groups. Number of Fos immunoreactive, F+ &H+ immunoreactive neuronsand IA of GABAA Rαl immunoreactive area were all significantly increased ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Content of GABA measured by HPLC was also increased ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). However, all these changes were partly reversed by sleep revival SR-95531 and NO-711 had different effect on these changes. Conclusions Sleep deprivation, no matter mild or severe, has adverse effects on cognitive function. Activities of both GABAergic and Hcrtergic system are increased during REMSD. These two neurons system could be regulated by each other and the relationship between them is positive correlation. GABAergic system also had self-regulation during REMSD, but microdialysision of either SR-95531 or NO-711 acquired adverse effects on cognitive function of rats. So GABAergic system is not an optimal therapeutic target. Because GABAergic and Hcrtergic system has inhibitory effect on each other,suppressing activity of Hcrtergic system might be a promising therapeutic target.

Objective To summarize the experience of organ donation after citizen' s death during the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods Eleven cases of potential donors of organ donation after citizen' s death during the COVID-19 epidemic were retrospectively analyzed, and the workflow and key points of infectionprevention and control were summarized. Results Among 11 cases of potential donors, 6 cases failed to implement organ donation. Five donors who were successfully performed organ donation had no respiratory symptoms before the onset of encephalopathy. CT scan of the lungs upon the onset of encephalopathy showed that one case was diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia, and the remaining four cases obtained negative results. During hospitalization, all of the 5 donors showed fever symptom and repeated chest CT scan detected lung inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or blood samples tested for novel coronavirus nucleic acids were all negative. No confirmed or suspected cases appeared among all staff and recipients who were in close contact with organ donors. Conclusions Targeted formulation of the workflow and prevention and control measures, in combination with selection and implementation of infection risk classification can effectivelyreduce the risk of COVID-19 infection and carry out organ donation after citizen' s death in a safe and organized manner.

AIMTo study the mechanism of protective effect of GABA against hypoxic injury in rat hippocampal slices.

METHODSThe hippocampal slices from adult rats and extracellular recording technique were used to observe the effect of GABA on the evoked population spikes in rat hippocampal slices after hypoxia in vitro.

RESULTSGABA can significantly delay the disappearance of PV, but have no effect on PS. When the receptor antagonist of GABA (bicuculline) and the inhibitor of Cl- channel (NPPB) were given, the protect effect could be suppressed.

CONCLUSIONGABA increases hypoxic tolerance of hippocampal slices. The mechanism of the effect of GABA may be involved in the elevation of chloride influx through GABA receptor.

Animals ; Chloride Channels ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; therapeutic use

Ductus Arteriosus ; abnormalities ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital ; complications

BACKGROUNDSinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare benign tumor of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. It is destructive or bone-remodeling, tends to recur after surgical resection, and has a significant malignant potential. The present study aimed to perform a retrospective analysis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from IP, including characteristics, survival outcome, and predictors of associated malignancy.

METHODSThe medical records of 213 patients diagnosed with IP from January 1970 to January 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Eighty-seven patients were diagnosed with SCC/IP; their clinical characteristics, treatments, and survival outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 87 patients with SCC/IP, the 5- and 10-year overall survival outcomes were 39.6% and 31.8%, respectively. Twenty-nine of these patients received surgery and 58 received combined surgery and radiation. Of the patients with stages III-IV, the 5-year survival rate was 30.7% for those treated with surgery only and 39.9% for those given the combination treatment (P = 0.849). Factors associated with significantly poor prognosis were advanced-stage, metachronous tumors, or with cranial base and orbit invasion. Age, synchronous or metachronous tumors, and pathological stage were independent risk factors for mortality, shown by multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONPatients with SCC/IP had low overall survival outcomes. Advanced age, stage, and metachronous tumors are the main factors affecting prognosis. Treatment planning should consider high-risk factors to improve survival outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; etiology ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Papilloma, Inverted ; complications ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene mutation and genotype distribution of thalassemia in the population of childbearing age in Chongzuo area of Guangxi. METHODS: Six α-thalassemia and 17 β-thalassemia gene mutations common in Chinese were detected by gap-polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR) combined with agarose gel eletrophoresis and reserve dot bolt hybridization in 29 266 cases of child-bearing age suspected of thalassemia. RESULTS: A total of 19 128 (65.36%) cases were identified with thalassemia. The detection rate of α-thalassemia, β-thalassemia and α-combining β-thalassemia was 45.25% (13 242/29 266), 15.47% (4 526/29 266) and 4.65% (1 360/29 266), respectively. A total carrying rate of 8 kinds of α-thalassemia gene mutations was 26.74% (15 649/58 532), including 12.51% for --^SEA, followed by 5.70% for -α^3.7, and 0.24% for --^Thai. Among 32 α-thalassemia genotypes, the most common five were --^SEA/αα, -α^3.7/αα, α^CSα/αα, -α^4.2/αα and α^WSα/αα, accounting for 47.27%, 18.31%, 8.56%, 8.52% and 7.91%, respectively, as well as 0.97% for --^Thai/αα. A total carrying rate of 13 kinds of β-thalassemia gene mutations was 10.07% (5 897/58 532), including 3.63% for CD41-42, followed by 2.55% for CD17, and 0.003% for -50 (G>A). Among 17 β-thalassemia genotypes, the most common six were CD41-42/N, CD17/N, CD71-72/N, CD26/N, 28/N and IVSI-1/N, accounting for 36.15%, 25.81%, 9.43%, 8.18%, 8.09% and 7.75%. The homozygous genotype CD26/CD26 [hemoglobin (Hb): 121 g/L] and -28/-28 (Hb: 56 g/L) were respectively detected in one case, and double heterozygous genotype were detected in 5 cases, including 3 cases of CD41-42/CD26 (Hb: 41 g/L, 51 g/L, 63 g/L, respectively), 1 case of -28/IVSI-1 (Hb: 53 g/L), and 1 case of CD71-72/CD26 (Hb: 89 g/L), in which patients with moderate or severe anemia had a history of blood transfusion. Among 104 α-combining β-thalassemia genotypes, the most common were --^SEA/αα, -α^3.7/αα combining CD41-42/N and --^SEA/αα combining CD17/N, accounting for 12.13%, 9.63% and 9.26%, respectively. In addition, 1 case of --^SEA/-α^3.7 combining -28/IVSI-1 (Hb: 83 g/L) and 1 case of -α^3.7/αα combining CD41-42/ CD41-42 (Hb: 110 g/L) were detected without history of blood transfusion, while 1 case of α^WSα/αα combining CD41-42/CD17 (Hb: 79 g/L) and 1 case of --^SEA/αα combining CD17/-28 (Hb: 46 g/L) were detected with history. CONCLUSIONS The detection rate of thalassemia genes is high and the mutations are diverse in the population of childbearing age in Chongzuo area of Guangxi. The common deletion genotype is --^SEA/αα in α-thalassemia and CD41-42/N in β-thalassemia, and deletion genotype --^Thai is not rare. There is a certain incidence of intermediate and severe β-thalassemia, and most patients require transfusion therapy. The results are beneficial for genetic consultation and intervention of thalassemia.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Genotype ; Mutation