Several specific monoclonal antibodies for B, T and natural killer (NK) cell were used to investigate the B cell localization and the expression of their phe- notype in lymphoid nodules on frozen and paraffin sections of human tonsil and lymph node by means of an immunocytochemical ABC technic. The results indi- cate that monoclonal antibodies reactive with germinal centers in tonsil and ly- mph node gave a simlar results and the results indicate that transformation and germination of germinal center cells involve phenotype changs but except T-200. For example, in the lower zone of germinal center, the lymphoblasts are weakly stained for IgM andLN-2 antibodies, but not for OKB-2 and BA-1, while in th upper zone the centrocytes are intense staining for IgM, LN-2, OKB-2 and BA-1 antibodies arelight or moderate staining separately Further charaterization of B cells in upperzone is frenquently observed clcavages on their nuclear memb- rane. In the mantle zone, the lymphocytes are strongly reacted with OKB-2 and BA-1, middle staining for LN-2 and light staining for sIgM. Plasma cell is only reactive with T-200 and IgM antibodies.

Objective To observe the protective effect of acetylcysteine against radiation pneumonia.MethodsTotal of 80 patients who were inoperable were randomly allocated into treatment group and control group.Using conformal radiation technology and the total dose was 65 ～ 75Gy.The patients in treatment group were given acetylcysteine and radiotherapy;the patients in control group were given radiotherapy only.ResultsAll patients were treated radiotherapy.The effective rate( CR and PR) of treatment group was 90％,and that of control group was 85％(P ＞ 0.05);The incidence of acute radiation pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis in treatment group were 15％ and 20％,respectively;and that of control group were 33％ and 45％ respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionUsing acetylcysteine during radiotherapy could prevent radiation pneumonia in the non-small cell lung cancer patients.

The eastern and western medicine have different thinking mode under different philosophy. This article discussed on special ethical issues which were encountered in the clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and different from western medicine. The connotation of ethical review should also be adapted to the characteristics of TCM. This paper discussed these problems, and put forward the idea that ethical review system should be built according to TCM characteristics. Standards for TCM ethical review should be established in order to promote the research progress of TCM and maintain the legitimate rights of TCM subjects.

The medicinal plant resource reserve refers to the natural resources of medicinal plants in a certain time and a certain region within the scope of the volume. In recent years, with the demand of medicinal plant resources surging and the change of the environment and human intervention factors, the medicinal plant resources reserve had accelerated pace of change. It is the prerequisite and basis for the development and utilization of medical plants that how to quickly and accurately attain reserve of some medicinal plants resources, the selection of suitable and accurate estimating method is reliable basis and can guarantee medicinal plant reserve survey, and also is one of the key reserve investigation of success. This paper systematically summarized the estimation method of medicinal plants in recent 30 years, and discussed the basic principle, the estimation model of development and evolution, advantages and disadvantages and applicability, and it aimed to improve the accuracy about reserves survey of medicinal plant resources, and provide scientific and reliable support data to medicinal plants resources for sustainable development and utilization of resources.
China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Models, Statistical ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to optimize polysaccharides extraction from Urena lobata L.and investigate its antioxidant activity.METHODS The mathematical model was established by re-sponse surface method (RSM) based on the results of single factor experiments, using polysaccha-rides extraction rate as response value,and using the ratio of water to material,cellulase concentra-tion,extraction temperature and time as experimental factors,which was used to screen optimum poly-saccharide extraction conditions from Urena lobata L.. Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides was stud-ied by DPPH and ·OH free radical elimination method. RESULTS The optimum conditions obtained by RSM were as follows:the cellulase level was 10.8 g·L-1,extraction time duration was 72 min,the ra-tio of water to feedstock was 7 mL·g-1,extraction temperature was 43℃,the pH value was 5.0.Under the optimal conditions, there was a difference of less than 5％ between predicted extraction rate 13.37％ and experimental extraction rate 13.32％. The polysaccharide yield was most significantly af-fected by cellulase concentration,followed by extraction time,water to material ratio and extraction tem-perature.IC50of DPPH and·OH were 1.082 g·L-1and 3.202 mg·L-1,respectively.Antioxidant activity of sample polysaccharides was weaker than those of vitamin C. CONCLUSION The polysaccharide extraction process from Urena lobata L. by cellulase enzymolysis approach was obtained, which was convenient and feasible,and extracted polysaccharides had good free radical scavenging activity.

Objective To analyze the related risk factors of postoperative delirium(POD)in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, and to guide clinical practices. Methods The clinical data of 118 cases [81 males and 37 females, average age (55.0 ± 10.3) years] with Stanford type A aortic dissection in Tianjin Chest Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were analysed in this study. According to whether developed delirium after surgery, the patients were divided into POD group(n=56)and Non-POD group(n=62).The preoperative,perioperative,and postoperative clinical data were collected.The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of POD in patients with the Stanford type A aortic dissection. Results Single factor analysis showed that the proportions of drinking and cerebrovascular history significantly increased,the proportions of early electrolyte disorder and hypoxemia significantly increased, the levels of granulocytes / lymphocytes, circulatory time and blood volume during operation increased significantly, and the duration from onset to operation was decreased, but fibrinogen level decreased significantly in POD group than those of Non-POD group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis indicated that the more intraoperative consumption of blood (OR=1.733, 95% CI:1.409-2.129) and early postoperative electrolyte disorder (OR=10.500, 95% CI:2.930-37.622)were independent risk factors of POD,while the higher level of preoperative fibrinogen(OR=0.157,95% CI:0.050-0.635) and longer time from onset to surgery (OR=0.871, 95% CI:0.808-0.943) were protective factors of POD in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection.Conclusion The early identification of risk factors of POD,and the active intervention of POD have a positive significance to reduce the occurrence of POD.

To elucidate the expression of WT1 in all types of leukemias and its implications for monitoring minimal residual disease in patients with acute leukemia, the peripheral blood from 55 leukemia patients and 10 normal voluteer was detected by using FQ-RT-PCR. Follow-up monitoring of WT1 expression of peripheral blood was performed for 20 patients with acute leukemia. The results showed that the expression of WT1 gene in all types of leukemias was significantly higher than that in normal control (P < 0.001). For ANLL and ALL patients, the survival time in the group of WT1 6.8 x 10(-3), (P = 0.027). Follow-up detection of the expression of WT1 in peripheral blood samples from 20 acute leukemia patients, 7 cases relapsed after complete remission has been done. In 5 of 7 relapsed patients, the expression of WT1 had obviously increased about 2 - 3 months before clinical relapse became apparent. It is concluded that the established FQ-RT-PCR method is accurate and specific. The expression of WT1 gene is relatively high in all types of leukemias compared with normal peripheral blood cells, the higher WT1 expression may associate with poor prognosis in acute leukemia, and the dynamics of WT1 level correlate with the disease status. The quantitative assessment of WT1 expression in peripheral blood samples by FQ-RT-PCR may be a useful tool for monitoring minimal residual disease.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; Child ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; Leukemia ; blood ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; blood ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; WT1 Proteins ; genetics

BACKGROUNDGrowing preclinical evidence shows that zoledronic acid (ZOL) exhibits direct antitumor activity in various cancer cell lines. However, the cytotoxic effects of ZOL on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells have not been established. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ZOL on HCC both in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSCytotoxicity and cell cycles were assessed with Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay and flow cytometry. Expression levels of cell cycle phase-linked proteins were examined. The effect of ZOL on HCC in vivo was explored based on H22-subcutaneous injection (s.c.) and H22-intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) mice model.

RESULTSZOL inhibited the growth of SK-HEP-1 and H22 cells and induced S-phase arrest through downregulating cdc2 protein and upregulating cyclin A. It inhibited the growth of s.c tumors, and increased the survival of both H22-s.c. and H22-i.p. mice in vivo.

CONCLUSIONZOL inhibits growth of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Diphosphonates ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Mice ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and analyze the relationship between AR and HBx expressions.

METHODSTumor tissues and peritumoral tissues of 83 HBV-associated HCC cases were investigated in this study. Fourteen cases of HBV-negative HCC and 13 cases of hemangioma peritumoral tissues were considered as control. AR and HBx mRNA levels were determined by quantitative fluorescence real-time RT-PCR and their protein levels were assayed by Western blot. The expression of AR and HBx proteins in tissues were examined with EnVision immunohistochemical staining. The methylation status of AR promoter was determined using methylation-specific PCR (MSP).

RESULTSBoth expression levels of AR mRNA and protein of the peritumoral tissues were significantly higher (0.17) than that of tumor tissues (0.09) in HBV-associated HCC (P < 0.01), but such a difference was not found in HBV-negative HCC (0.06 vs. 0.07, P > 0.05). The level of AR expression in peritumoral tissues was associated with tumor differentiation in HBV-associated HCC. AR mRNA and protein levels of peritumoral tissues in HBV-associated HCC were significantly higher than that in HBV-negative HCC and hemangioma (all P < 0.05). In the tumor tissues, HBV-associated HCC had significantly higher AR expression than HBV-negative HCC at mRNA level (P < 0.05), but not at protein level. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the AR mRNA or AR protein levels were positively correlated with HBx in both tumor and peritumoral tissues in HBV-associated HCC, but the expressions of AR and HBx were not associated with AR promoter methylation status. The relative expression levels of AR mRNA and protein in the HBV-associated peritumoral tissues were negatively correlated with tumor differentiation (r = -0.213, P < 0.05; r = -0.313, P < 0.05), the higher the AR expression, the poorer differentiation. But this correlation of AR mRNA and protein was not shown in the hepatocellular carcinoma tissues.

CONCLUSIONSHBx may enhance AR expression in HBV-associated HCC, but AR promoter demethylation maybe not been involved in its main mechanism. An increased AR expression is probably an early event during the development and progression of HBV-associated HCC, and AR expression in the peritumoral tissue is correlated with HBV-associated HCC differentiation. AR may play different roles in HBV-associated HCC and HBV-negative HCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B virus ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Trans-Activators ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo summarize characteristics and outcomes of critically ill children with 2009 influenza A (H1N1).

METHODA prospective observational study of 14 critically ill children with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Suzhou between Oct. 1(st) 2009 and Dec. 25(th) 2009. The primary outcome measures included frequency and duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of ICU stay.

RESULTCritical illness occurred in 14 patients with confirmed (n = 14), community-acquired 2009 influenza A virus (H1N1) infection. The mean (SD) age of the 14 patients with confirmed 2009 influenza A (H1N1) was (4.91 ± 4.14) years, 7 were female (50.0%). The median duration from symptom onset to hospital admission was (3.09 ± 1.30) days and from hospitalization to ICU admission was (0.95 ± 0.96) day. All the patients were severely hypoxemic [mean (SD) ratio of PaO2/FiO2 was (191.27 ± 80.58) mm Hg] at ICU admission. ARDS occurred in 11 cases (78.6%). Mechanical ventilation was applied for 10 patients (71.4%). The median duration of ventilation was (12.51 ± 10.03) days and ICU stay was (12.58 ± 10.65) days. The median length of time during which the real-time RT-PCR test results were positive was (17.27 ± 5.57) days; Comorbidities such as iron deficiency anemia, cerebral palsy and congenital heart disease were found in 8 cases (57.1%). The longer length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were found in cases with higher admission PRISM III Score and lower Pediatrics Critical Illness Score.

CONCLUSIONCritical illness due to 2009 influenza A (H1N1) in Suzhou occurred rapidly after hospital admission and was associated with severe hypoxemia, ARDS, a condition that required prolonged mechanical ventilation. There were myocardial damages in critically ill children with severe 2009 influenza A (H1N1).

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment