To ascertain current situation of wild Marsdenia tenacissima resources in Honghe, Yunnan province, the distribution, habitat characteristic and resources reserves of M. tenacissima were surveyed based on interviews and investigation. The results showed that M. tenacissima was found in 7 counties such as Jinping, Mengzi etc, and distributed mainly on the mountainsides from 800 m to 1 200 m. And distribution was affected by many factors, such as light, heat, topography, soil, and vegetation. M. tenacissima grew well in distribution areas. M. tenacissima had averagely a weight of 2.8 kg per plant. Resources reserve of M. tenacissima in Honghe was estimated to 1 300 tons by now but it reduced rapidly in resent years, the wild resources reserve may not meet demand of market. Resources protection and wildlife tending would be conducted to deal with increasing medication requirements.
China ; Ecosystem ; Marsdenia ; classification ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; growth & development ; Soil ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to optimize polysaccharides extraction from Urena lobata L.and investigate its antioxidant activity.METHODS The mathematical model was established by re-sponse surface method (RSM) based on the results of single factor experiments, using polysaccha-rides extraction rate as response value,and using the ratio of water to material,cellulase concentra-tion,extraction temperature and time as experimental factors,which was used to screen optimum poly-saccharide extraction conditions from Urena lobata L.. Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides was stud-ied by DPPH and ·OH free radical elimination method. RESULTS The optimum conditions obtained by RSM were as follows:the cellulase level was 10.8 g·L-1,extraction time duration was 72 min,the ra-tio of water to feedstock was 7 mL·g-1,extraction temperature was 43℃,the pH value was 5.0.Under the optimal conditions, there was a difference of less than 5％ between predicted extraction rate 13.37％ and experimental extraction rate 13.32％. The polysaccharide yield was most significantly af-fected by cellulase concentration,followed by extraction time,water to material ratio and extraction tem-perature.IC50of DPPH and·OH were 1.082 g·L-1and 3.202 mg·L-1,respectively.Antioxidant activity of sample polysaccharides was weaker than those of vitamin C. CONCLUSION The polysaccharide extraction process from Urena lobata L. by cellulase enzymolysis approach was obtained, which was convenient and feasible,and extracted polysaccharides had good free radical scavenging activity.

This paper is to report the study of the metabolism of lidamycin in vitro including in plasma and microsomes to guide clinical therapy. Lidamycin was quantified by detecting its active ingredient using HPLC-MS/MS. The metabolic stability of lidamycin in rat, Beagle dog, monkey and human plasma and liver microsomes, and its inhibition to cytochrome P450 isoforms in human liver microsomes were studied. Results showed that lidamycin was metabolized in the four species of plasma, and the sequence of metabolic rates in plasma were in rat > in dog > in human > in monkey. But among the four species of liver microsomes, lidamycin was metabolized only in monkey liver microsomes. There was almost no inhibition to cytochrome P450 isoforms at the concentrations of between 0.0005 and 10 ng x mL(-1). Therefore, the property of lidamycin metabolism in human is similar with that in dog, and metabolism of other drugs would not be decreased by cytochrome P450 as used along with lidamycin in clinic.
Aminoglycosides ; blood ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; blood ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Dogs ; Enediynes ; blood ; metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Macaca ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

HPLC-ELSD was applied to explore the absorption mechanism of pulchinenosides (B3, BD, B7, B10, B11) in rats. The experimental results showed that the absorption rate constant, Ka value (B3, BD) and Permeability coefficient, Peff value (B3, B7) displayed significant difference (P <0.05) in various intestinal segments, The Ka value and Peff value of PRS was different from each other with the highest absorption in duodenum (duodenum > jejunum > colon > ileum); The PRS displayed excessive satuation as the concentration increased over 0.05-2.5 g · L(-1). There were no obvious linear correlations between Peff values and concentrations in duodenum (0.6007 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.7727); Ka and Peff value declined when the PRS was perfused with P-glycoprotein promoter digoxin, on the other hand, inclined when perfused with P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil with significant difference among PRS B3, BD, B7, B11 (P <0.05). All the above results demonstrated that B3, BD, B7 were greatly influenced by absorption sites, duodenum was the main absorption site; PRS didn't entirely transported in a concentration dependent manner, and the transporter-protein involved the transportation, so the intestinal absorption of the five pulchinenosides was not entirely passive diffusion; and PRS might be the substrates of P-glycoprotein.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; physiology ; Animals ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Oleanolic Acid ; pharmacokinetics ; Pulsatilla ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture at Houxi (SI 3) and medicine on acute lumbar sprain.

METHODSThree hundred cases of acute lumbar sprain were randomly divided into two groups, a electroacupuncture (EA) group and a medication group, 150 cases in each group. The EA group were treated with EA at Houxi (SI 3), once each day, 3 sessions constituting one course, and the medication group with Mobike, once daily, 7. 5 mg each time. Their therapeutic effects were evaluated after treatment for 7 days and one month respectively.

RESULTSFor the short-term therapeutic effect, the effective rate was 97. 3% in the EA group and 89. 2% in the medication group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01); for the long-term therapeutic effect, the effective rate was 99. 3% in the EA group and 93. 2% in the medication group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONBoth the short-term and the long-term therapeutic effects of EA at Houxi (SI 3) on acute lumbar sprain are better than those in the medication group.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; injuries ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Sprains and Strains ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of occupational stress on ambulatory blood pressure.

METHODS30 male healthy workers from the refrigerator assembly line in Henan province in China were investigated. Psychosocial work conditions were measured by using the Job Demand-control Model, the Effort-reward Imbalance Model questionnaires and Occupational Stress Measurement Scale. Ambulatory blood pressure(ABP) was measured by using mobile ABP monitor. The t test was utilized to analyze the difference of parameters of ABP monitoring between different groups of occupational stress and other variables scores. The stepwise regression analysis was used to analyse the effect of occupational stress factors on parameters of ABP.

RESULTS(1) As to stressors, systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV), mean arterial blood pressure variability (MABPV) and heart rate at 30 minute after work in workers with high role conflict score were significantly higher than those in workers with low score (P < 0.05). Workers with high skill utilization score had significantly lower mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 30 minute after work than workers with low score (P < 0.05). Diastolic blood pressure variability (DBPV) and heart rate variability (HRV) in workers with high decision latitude score were significantly higher than those in workers with low score (P < 0.05). Workers with high job psychological demands score had significantly higher SBPV, DBPV and MABPV than workers with low score (P < 0.05). Heart rate-pressure product(RPP) and SBPV in workers with high effort score were significantly higher than those in workers with low score (P < 0.05). Workers with low rewards score had higher mean heart rate and heart rate at 30 minute after work than workers with high score (P < 0.05). (2) For personalities, workers with high work locus of control score had significantly higher mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) than workers with low score (P < 0.05). Workers with high patience score had significantly lower mean SBP at 30 minute after work than workers with low score (P < 0.05). Heart rate at 30 minute after work in workers with high organization commitment score was significantly lower than that in workers with low score (P < 0.05). (3) Concerning buffer factors, HRV in workers with high control strategies score were significantly lower than that in workers with low score (P < 0.05). Workers with low supervisor support score had higher RPP and MABPV than workers with high score (P < 0.05). (4) In the multiple stepwise regression, daily life stress affected SBPV (R2 = 0.12) and MABPV (R2 = 0.05), depression was related to DBPV at 30 minute after work (R2 = 0.15) and SBPV (R = 0.03), mental health was predictor of MABPV (R2 = 0.07) and negative affection was predictor of heart rate at 30 minute after work (R2 = 0.24).

CONCLUSIONSOccupational stressors, personality and social support have effect on parameters of ABP. Parameters of ABP monitoring could be used to evaluate occupational stress in the field research.

Adult ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Burnout, Professional ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

To improve the reliability and credibility of genotyping hepatitis E virus (HEV) and to explore the possibility of unifying standards of HEV genotyping by designing HEV universal primers for amplification of a long genomic fragment of different HEV genotypes. A set of universal primers (HEVuPrimer) was designed based on conserved regions determined by alignment analysis of 82 HEV strains with complete genome in GenBank. HEVuPrimer was compared with a set of previously used primers (MXJ primers) for their sequence-matching to different HEV strains and applied to amplify HEV genomic fragments from HEV reference strains with known different genotypes and clinical serum samples with anti-HEV-IgM by RT-nPCR. HEV genotyping based on the fragments amplified with HEVuPrimer was compared and validated with that based on HEV full genome and fragments obtained with MXJ primers. HEV genotyping by the phylogenetic analysis supplemented with the percent of nucleotide identity of the HEVuPrimer-determined fragments showed good correspondence with that based on HEV full-length genome. In addition, HEVuPrimer was much better than MXJ primers in matching sequences of HEV strains available from GenBank, and was able to amplify all the reference HEV strains with different genotypes. Among 124 samples with anti-HEV-IgM, 60 were positive for HEV RNA determined by a 644bp amplicon of RT-nPCR with the HEVuPrimenr. All the positive isolates belonged to HEV genotype 4 with nucleotide homology of 80.0%-99.9%, and could be further divided into 4 subgenotypes. Moreover, a novel subtype was identified with 6 HEV strains isolated very recently. The RT-nPCR using the HEVuPrimer and phylogenetic analysis of the amplified region provided strong evidences for its feasibility in HEV genetic classification. Our data have new implication for the consensus of genotype classification of HEV.
DNA Primers ; genetics ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genotype ; Hepatitis E virus ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

Adrenalectomy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the characteristics of lesions of acute guttate psoriasis induced by upper respiratory tract infection, and to compare the difference in the different species between patients and healthy controls. Methods A total of 11 cases of acute guttate psoriasis induced by upper respiratory tract infection and 11 cases of healthy control without skin lesions of any dermatosis were included in this study. The 16SrDNA sequencing technology was used for analyzing data. The aseptic cotton swabs were used for sampling. DNA extraction and quality inspection were then performed. PCR amplification, library construction, microbial gene extraction, purification and recovery process were also performed. Then the gene samples were sent to be sequenced and to annotate the species. Finally, the data were analyzed by α and β diversity analysis to find the differences in microbial species and the diversity of microbial community. LEfSe analysis was used to find the species with significant difference, and the results were verified by the rank test. Results There was no significant difference in α diversity analysis between the two groups. There was a trend of difference in β diversity analysis between the two groups. However, LEfSe analysis (LED Score was 4) and rank test (P＜0.05) found that acinetobacter was a statistically significant different species and played a major role in the lesions of acute guttate psoriasis. Conclusion The skin lesions of microbiota is developing from one steady state to another one in the primary or recurrent acute guttate psoriasis patients with the history of upper respiratory infection. The different species of acinetobacter may play a key role in this change. However there is no significant difference in the overall microbial community between two groups.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the predictors of IFN therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C through making the multivariate logistic regression analysis.

METHODSThe patients in the opened, randomized and controlled trial were enrolled into two group, pegasys and Roferon-A group, and were given 24 weeks of pegasys (injection of 180 microg a week), and Roferon-A (injection three times of Roferon-A 3 MU a week) therapy, and followed 24 weeks. The HCV RNA content was determined at the time before, end of treatment and at the followed-up. The association of the response to the treatment with the clinical characteristics including age, gender, way of HCV infection, history of IFN treatment, planet count, AST/ALT ratio, HCV RNA level, HCV genotype and treatment drugs was made trough multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe PP population containing 197 cases was analyzed. After controlling for age, gender, way of HCV infection, history of IFN treatment, planet count, AST/ALT ratio, HCV RNA level and treatment, the HCV genotype was not predictor of the end of treatment viral response (ETVR) to IFN therapy (OR 0.604, 95% CI 0.271-1.349, P = 0.219), but was the independent predictor of sustained viral response (SVR) (OR 0.408, 95% CI 0.189-0.881, P = 0.023). After controlling for other characteristics, the treatment drug was the predictors of ETVR (OR 0.105, 95% CI 0.052-0.212, P < 0.001) and SVR (OR 0.255, 95% CI 0.123-0.529, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe pegasys using and HCV genotype were the independent predictors of the response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Recombinant Proteins