Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Gonadotropins ; blood ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors

Adolescent ; Aortic Valve ; abnormalities ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Endocarditis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Male ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; complications ; pathology ; surgery

Eight new diaryltriazine derivatives containing 4-allylamino and 4-azido substitutes guided by molecular docking have been designed and synthesized based on our previous work. The evaluation of HIV inhibitory activity demonstrated that all compounds were potent against HIV-1 replication. The most active compound 7c exhibited activity against HIV-1 (IC50 = 0.034 micromol x L(-1), SI = 6,475) and the double mutant strain (IC50 = 9.39 micromol x L(-1)) in the micromolar range, which was more potent than nevirapine.
Anti-HIV Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Structure ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Triazines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the antagonist effect of Curcuma Aromatica (CA) on renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (EMT) induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).

METHODSNormal renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells in vitro cultured were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the normal control group (Group C), the TGF-beta1 induced model group (Group T), the low dose CA treated group (Group E1), the moderate dose CA treated group (Group E2), the high dose CA group (Group E3), and the Benazepril Hydrochloride Tablet treated group (Group Y). Except Group C, corresponding medication (with an action of 48 h) was administered to cells in the rest groups after they were induced by TGF-beta1 for 24 h. The morphological changes were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The distribution of beta-actin protein was detected by immunohistochemical assay. The mRNA expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin (E-cad) were detected by real-time PCR. The concentration of fibronectin (FN) was detected by ELISA.

RESULTSAfter induced by TGF-beta1 for three days, hypertrophy and elongated cells in fusiform-shape occurred,with increased expressions of beta-actin protein in the cytoskeletal structure (P < 0.05), bundle fibrous structure occurred inside cytoplasm with significantly up-regulated intracellular alpha-SMA mRNA expressions (P < 0.05), E-cad mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05), the FN content in the supernate increased (P < 0.05) in Group T. Compared with Group T, partial cells in Group E1, E2, and E3 showed fibrous changes, accompanied with decreased expression of beta-actin protein and FN concentration (P < 0.05). The expression of alpha-SMA mRNA increased and the expression E-cad mRNA decreased in Group E2 and E3 (both P < 0.05). But there was no statistical difference in the expression levels of E-cad and alpha-SMA mRNA (P > 0.05). Compared with Group E1, the expression of beta-actin protein and FN concentration decreased in Group E2 and E3 (P < 0.05). The expressions of alpha-SMA mRNA decreased and E-cad mRNA increased in Group E3 (P < 0.05). Compared with Group Y, the expression of beta-actin mRNA and FN concentration increased in Group E1 (P < 0.05); the expression of beta-actin mRNA increased in Group E3 (P < 0.05); the expression of E-cad mRNA decreased in Group E3 (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the expression of alpha-SMA mRNA among Group E1, E2, and E3 (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCA could inhibit the occurrence of TGF-beta1 induced EMT, which could be used as an effective drug for treating chronic renal insufficiency.

Animals ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Curcuma ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; Male ; Myofibroblasts ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the risk factors for neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and the changes of isolated pathogens in the last eight years.

METHODSThe clinical data of 230 neonates who were admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and received mechanical ventilation for equal to or longer than 48 hrs in 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The isolated pathogens were compared with those of eight years ago.

RESULTSThe incidence of VAP (25.2%) in the year 2008 was lower than that of eight years ago (36.1%; P<0.05). The development of VAP was negatively correlated with the gestational age and the birth weight, but positively correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation, intubation times, duration of hospitalization, presence of gastrointestinal bleeding and need for blood products transfusion. The main isolated pathogens were opportunistic antibiotics resistant bacteria, and the majority was gram negative bacilli (77%). The most frequently detected gram negative bacilli were Klebsiella (20%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (18%) and Acinetobacter (13%). Streptococcus mitis was the most frequently detected gram positive bacilli (14%). The distribution pattern of pathogens isolated in the same NICU eight years ago was somewhat different: Klebsiella (23%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%), Acinetobacter (16%), Streptococcus mitis (11%), Fungi (1%) and Candida albicans (1%).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of VAP is correlated with gestational age, birth weight, duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization, intubation times, presence of gastrointestinal bleeding and need for blood products transfusion. The main isolated pathogens are usually antibiotic resistant opportunistic bacteria. The detection rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia increased and that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased when compared with eight years ago.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in different brain regions of aging rats.

METHODSForty male SD rats were randomized equally into negative control group, D-galactose group, EPO treatment group, and positive control group. Rat models of subacute aging were established by continuous subcutaneous injection of 5% D-galactose. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the variation of BDNF expressions in different brain regions of the aging rats with different treatments.

RESULTSSignificant brain region-specific differences in BDNF expression were found among the rats in different groups. Compared with those in the negative control group, the numbers of BDNF-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region, CA3 region, dentate gyrus (DG) and frontal cortex were all decreased obviously in D-galactose group (P<0.05) but increased in both EPO group and the positive control group (P<0.05) without significant differences between the latter two groups. In the rats in the same group, the number of BDNF-positive cells varied markedly in different brain regions (P<0.05), and the expression level of BDNF was the highest in the frontal cortex followed by the hippocampal CA3 region and the dentate gyrus, and was the lowest in the hippocampal CA1 region.

CONCLUSIONTreatment with rhEPO enhances the expression of BDNF in rat neural cells, suggesting that rhEPO may protect the nervous system from aging by regulating the BDNF pathway.

Aging ; Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; CA3 Region, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; Dentate Gyrus ; metabolism ; Erythropoietin ; pharmacology ; Frontal Lobe ; metabolism ; Galactose ; Humans ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology

Aged ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To learn the prevalence, distribution and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly in Zhoushan City, and to provide the reference for MCI control. Methods A total of 1801 elderly people aged 60 to 79 years old from six districts of Zhoushan City were sampled by method of stratified random sampling. After self-evaluated with Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8) and screened with Screening Scale for Mild Cognitive Impairment (sMCI), the diagnosis by specialists was conducted for that positive to AD8 and sMCI. Results of 1801 respondents, 873 (48.47％) people were male, and the other 928 (51.53％) people were female; 38.65％ of the people selected aged 60-<65; 90.28％ had a primary school education or were illiterate; 78.51％ had legitimate and healthy wives. A total of 122 elderly people were diagnosed with MCI, and the prevalence of MCI was 6.77％. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male elderly people (OR=0.53, 95％CI:0.28-1.00) were less likely to develop MCI compared to the female, and the illiterate (OR=2.09, 95％CI: 1.16-3.77) were more likely to develop MCI compared to the educated . Conclusion The prevalence of MCI among the elderly in Zhoushan was 6.77％; the female and the illiterate were more likely to develop MCI.

Objective To determine the hosts of hantavirus (HV) and its molecular epidemiological characteristics, to provide evidence for prevention and control on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods Rodents were captured by a special trap within the residential area. The antigens of HV in lung tissues were detected by direct immuno-fluorescence assay (DFA). Nucleotide sequences of HV were amplified by RT-PCR with HV genotype-specific primer. The amplified genes were then sequenced. Phylogenetic tree were built on nucleotide sequence with Clusta1X 1.83 software. Results 1421 rodents were captured and classified into 8 species of 4 Genera in the epidemic area within 10 counties of Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan province, between 2005 and 2006. Out of the 1421 rodents, 1056 (74.31%) of them were Rattus norvegicas and 280 (19.70%) belonged to Rattus flavipectus. The antigens of HV were detected by DFA in lung tissues and the total positive rate of HV was 5.15% (53/ 1029). After applying the sequencing nucleotide method to the 53 positive specimens, data showed that 21 specimens were positive and all of them belonged to Seoul type ( 15 samples were from Rattus norvegicus, 4 samples Rattasflavipectas, 2 samples Rattus nitidas). The partial S segments from 12 specimens were sequenced which appeared homologic with R22, L99 and HLD65 from GenBank in relatively high level (87.1%-99.7%). When compared to 76-118 strain of Hantaan type, their homologic degree was only 64.4%-69.1%. Results from Phylogenetic analysis showed that 12 specimens belonged to Seoul type. As for their homology, they were significantly similar to Seoul type and could be tentatively divided into two subtypes S1 and S3. Conclusion It was confirmed that the Seoul type virus, as HFRS' s pathogenetic agent mainly carried by rats, prevailed widely in Chuxiong prefecture. Owing to the local ecological environment, we also noticed the characteristics of different HV subtypes among Seoul type.

OBJECTIVESyncope is a common pediatric emergency. Based on an epidemiologic survey in the USA, around 15% of children experienced syncopal attack, which strongly influenced the life, study and hurt the children mentally and physiologically. Therefore, exploring the therapeutic regimen has become a hot topic in the field of pediatric cardiology. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of beta receptor blocker in the treatment of children with autonomous nerve mediated syncope.

METHODSTotally 103 children (43 males, 60 females, age 5 - 19 yrs, median 12.0 +/- 2.6 yrs) with autonomous nerve mediated syncope from Beijing, Hunan, Hubei and Shanghai, were included in this study. Forty-nine of them suffered from vasovagal syncope (VVS) and 54 suffered from postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). They were randomly divided into treatment group accepting oral metoprolol treatment and control group accepting oral rehydration salt treatment. The frequency of syncopal episodes and the outcome of head-up tilt (HUT) test were observed. SPSS 10.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of these data.

RESULTSThe cure rate of children who suffered from VVS and POTS and took oral metoprolol was 60.61% and 68.75%, respectively, but in the control group, the cure rate was only 18.75% and 0.00%, respectively. The rate of improvement of children who suffered from VVS and POTS and were treated with oral metoprolol was 15.15% and 15.63%, respectively, and in the control group, it was 6.25% and 40.91%, respectively. The effective rates for cases of VVS and POTS treated with oral metoprolol were higher than those of cases received oral rehydration salt treatment (P < 0.01). The percentage of the change from positive HUT to negative for children with VVS and POTS who took oral metoprolol therapy was 60.61% and 68.75%, respectively, but in control group, it was only 18.75% and 9.09%, respectively (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference in the percentage of the change from positive HUT to negative between children with VVS treated with oral metoprolol and with oral rehydration salt (P < 0.01). Also, a significant difference was found in the percentage of the change from positive HUT to negative between children with POTS treated with oral metoprolol and with oral rehydration salt (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONbeta receptor blocker is effective in the treatment of children with VVS or POTS.

Adolescent ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Syncope ; drug therapy ; Tilt-Table Test ; Treatment Outcome ; United States