Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To investigate the effect of jejunal infusion of amino acids on secretion of gastrointestinal hormone in healthy dogs.Methods Six healthy adult dogs were treated with jejunal fistulas and femoral vein intubation.Twenty-four hours after the operation,solution of 8 different amino acid monomers (experimental group) or normal saline (control group) were infused into the jejunum of the dogs every 24hours.The levels of cholecystokinin (CCK),motilin,and gastrin in the peripheral plasma were measured using radioimmunoassay at the start of infusion (0 minute),and 30,60,90,and 120 minutes after infusion.Results Compared with the control group,the serum CCK level in the phenylalanine group was significantly higher 30 and 60 minutes after infusion [(1.25 ±0.19) ng/L vs.(0.66 ±0.14) ng/L,(1.23 ±0.12) ng/L vs.(0.80 ± 0.03) ng/L,both P ＜ 0.01],while that in the tryptophan group was significantly higher 30 minutes after infusion [(1.08 ±0.26) ng/L vs.(0.66 ±0.14) rig/L,P ＜0.01].The other measurement results showed no statistically significant differences.Conclusions Jejunal infusion of phenylalanine or tryptophan may stimulate the secretion of gastrointestinal hormone to some extent.Aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tryptophan) is more potent in triggering the release of CCK than aliphatic (leucine,isoleucine,and methionine) and charged amino acids (aspartic acid,arginine,and glutamate).The mechanism may be related to the properties of the amino acids.

Objective To explore the effects of murinecytomegalovirus(MCMV)infected mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEF)on the proliferation and activation of regulatory T cell in vitro. Methods A co-culture system of T cell and MCMV infected MEF(T-MEF MCMV)was established.The viral load of supernatant was determined by plaque assay.The proliferation of T cells was observed with cell counting.The proportion of CD4+ CD25+ cells was measured by flow cytometry.The levels of Foxp3 protein were measured by Western blot.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was utilized tO determine whether MCMV infection of MEF influenced the level of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β mRNA.The level of TGF-β protein in supernatant was measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The difference between T-MEF MCMV group and control group was assessed by one-way ANOVA.Results When T cells were co-cultured with MCMV infected MEF for 1 day and 3 days,the viral load in supernatant decreased.But when co-culture lasted for 6 days,the antiviral effect obviously diminished,as the viral load[(5.58±0.67)×105 PFU/mL]of the experimental group showed no statistic difference with MEF MCMV control group[(6.05±0.34)×105PFU/mL].When co-cultured with MCMV infected MEF for 3 days,T cell increased from pre-culture level of[(2.02±0.05)×106/mL]to(2.25± 0.13)×106/mL(P＜0.05).But when co-culture lasted for 6 days,the number of T eelI returned to (2.08±0.14)×106/mL,which had no statistic difference with that of co-culture for 3 days system. Both the expressions of Foxp3 protein and the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in T-MEF MCMV group were up-regulated as the infection time extended,which were two times and three times of the control group level,respectively.The mRNA level(A value)of TGF-β in MCMV infected MEF increased from baseline of 1.09±0.13 to 3.15±0.54 on day 3 after infection.The expression of TGF-β in supernatant 3 days after infection was(3.85±0.32) μg/L,which was significantly higher than that before infection[(1.74±0.14)μg/L,P＜0.05].Conclusions Activated T cells have antiviral effect.However,the function of T cells is rapidly inhibited after activation,which may be due to the expression of Foxp3 mRNA induced by MCMV infected MEF and increased CD4+ CD25+ Treg proportion of the co-cultured T cells.TGF-β level is significantly increased after CMV infection,which may be an important mechanism of Treg proliferation.MCMV may manipulate Treg to evade specific immune elimination and,as a result,to cause CMV replication.

Objective To investigate the anti-oxidant effect and the possible mechanisms ofpicrodide II in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. Methods A total of 90 adult, healthy, mmale Wistar rats were used to established the middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) models by intraluminal monofilament suture on the left external-internal carotid artery. The treatment group and the positive control group were respectively injected with 1.0％ picroside II (10 mg/kg, 250 μl) and salvianic acid A sodium (10 mg/kg, 250 μl) via the tail vein, and the negative control group and sham-surgery group were injected with 0.1mol/L phosphate buffer saline (PBS) 250 μl. The neurological deficit scores were evaluated with Bederson's test. The cerebral infarction volume was observed with tetrazolium (TTC) staining. The apoptosis positive cells were counted by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected with immunohistochemical assay.The concentration of iNOS and SOD proteins in brain tissue was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Neurological behavioral malfunction appeared in all the rats with MCAO/R. The infarction focuses emerged in the ischemic hemisphere following the MCAO/R injuries. The number of apoptotic cells and the expression of iNOS increased while the SOD reduced after MCAO/R. After the treatment of picrodide Ⅱ, the nervous behavioral function (1.28±0.38)improved, the infarction volume(68.73±4.46)％ reduced, the number of apoptosis positive cells(6.10± 1.26), the expressions and the concentrations in brain tissue of iNOS(4.67+0.51)decressed while those of SOD (0.53 ±0.14) increased significantly compared with the negative control groups(t=3.16、 2.51、 4.15、3.12、 3.25, P＜0.05). Conclusion PicrodideⅡ might play a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the neuronal apoptosis and the expressions of iNOS and SOD after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries.

This study was to investigate the permeability and absorbability of capsaicin cubosome across abdominal skin of the SD rats in vitro. Diffusion of capsaicin cubosome and cream was performed with the modified Franz diffusion cell technique. The capsaicin cubosome showed no enhancement of skin permeation within 24 hours. However, the deposition amounts of capsaicin in the rat skin in the cubosome group was markedly higher than those in the commercial cream group (P < 0.01). Cubosome showed excellent characetristic of skin-targed which could be a good carrier for the local transdermal drug delivery system.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Capsaicin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Male ; Particle Size ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption

BACKGROUND:IPS e. max Press porcelain crown has been widely used in clinical restoration because of its aesthetic effect and biological properties. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of IPS e. max Press porcelain crown in esthetic restoration of anterior teeth in terms of marginal adaptation and color match. METHODS:Total y 52 patients with 138 defective anterior teeth (20 males and 32 females, 18-45 years old, including 62 anterior tooth defects, 46 tooth traumas, 30 denticles) were divided into two groups randomly:treatment group (26 cases) and control group (26 cases) were given IPS e.max Press porcelain crown and conditional Co-Cr al oy handcuffed ceramic crowns, respectively. Al the cases were asked for a second visit in 1 week after restoration, and the integrity of ceramic veneer, marginal adaptation, gingival health and color match were evaluated during 6-month and 2-year fol ow-ups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The degrees of satisfaction on the color, shape and adaptation in the treatment group were al higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 6 months after restoration, the marginal adaptation, gingival health and color match in the treatment group were al better than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 2 years after restoration, there was also a significant difference in the marginal adaptation, gingival health and color match between the two groups (P<0.05). IPS e.max Press porcelain crown has the advantages of aesthetics and biological characteristics, so it can be used as an ideal restoration method for esthetic restoration of anterior teeth.

AIM:To explore the effects of PPARγon the elevated level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) in-duced by high glucose and its mechanism .METHODS:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs) were cultured with DMEM containing high glucose (33 mmol/L D-glucose), and DMEM containing lower glucose (5.5 mmol/L D-glu-cose) was used as control .Superoxide anion and nitric oxide fluorescence probes were used to observe the effects of PPAR γagonist on ROS and NO productions in the HUVECs .The uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) protein level in the HUVECs was detected by Western blotting .RESULTS:PPARγagonist pioglitazone inhibited the ROS generation and prevented the de-crease in NO level under high glucose condition , and these effects were reversed by pretreatment with PPARγantagonist GW9662.The results of Western blotting indicated that PPARγagonist pioglitazone up-regulated the UCP2 expression un-der high glucose condition , and this effect was also blocked by GW 9662.Inhibition of UCP2 by genipin attenuated the effect of pioglotazone on the ROS production .CONCLUSION: Activation of PPARγinhibits ROS generation under high glucose condition , and this effect may mediate by up-regulation of UCP2.

The Monascus mutant with high yield of yellow pigment was obtained by using conventional relevant mutation techniques, e.g., treating with physical mutagens(such as UV light) and chemical sub- stances (such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine). The yellow pigment was scanned from 300 nm to 600 nm with UV spectrometer, the maximal absorption was determined at 410 nm. The growth characteristic of Monascus mutant is stable, the yellow pigment value and colour hue in liquid fermentation can reach 100 U/mL and 3.5 respectively. The yellow pigment is stable from pH 3 to pH 8, but the precipitation appeared as the pH of the pigment solution lower than 3.

Objective To investigate mutation and deletion of genes mecR1 and mecI in clinical methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates and study the mutation and deletion have effect on gene mecA expression and drug resistance phenotype.Metheods PCR was used to detecte gene mecA and the regulatory genes mecR1 and mecI in staphylococci which were separated from clinical specimen in 2006,then the sequence of gene mecI was determined and compared with the sequence obtains from pre-MRSA strain N315(GI:BA000018).Results Gene mecA was detected in 60 strains of Staphylococcus aureus,58 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and 37 strains of Staphylococcus heamolyticus,but gene mecA in 6 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and 4 strains of Staphylococcus heamolyticus were only amplified by primer mecA2-F/R and not by primer mecA1-F/R.The percentage of gene mecR1 exist in Staphylococcus aureus was higher than Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus heamolyticus,but the percentage of gene mecR1 exist in Staphylococcus epidermidis was not higher than Staphylococcus heamolyticus.The mutation and deletion of gene mecI were often seen,the wild type mecI was only detected in 14 strains,the point mutation of nucleotice 202 was detected in 36 strains.Conclusions Gene mecA expression in Staphylococcus aureus could be chiefly induced by mecR1,but which in coagulase-ngeative staphylococci could be other factors.The mutation and deletion of mecI were universal phenomenon in clinical strains,there could be a mechanism for overcoming the repressing of resistance caused by mecI in staphylococci.

Objective We examined the in vivo effect of the antisense or/and decoy oligonucleotide of nuclear factor-?appa B (NF-?B) on balloon-injured smooth muscle cell proliferation and MMP-9 in the carotid artery of rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats underwent balloon-dilation injury of the left carotid artery. Rats were divided into 7 groups(n=18) and each group included 6 time points (6 h and 1,3,5,7,14 d)(n=3). Results The mean intima/media ratio increased significantly in sense group、scramble group and model group and reached the maximum at 7 d after rat injured carotid artery, compared with normal group, antisense group, decoy group and decoy plus antisense group(P