Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To make epidemiological investigation on children and teenagers with congenital heart disease (CHD) from October 2015 to November 2016 in three counties in Zhaotong area. Methods The examination was divided into the following two phases: primary screening, secondary screening. Standardized echocardiographic examination was performed for the students with suspected CHD. we combined comprehensive analysis of electrocardiogram, X-ray and cardiac catheterization to make a clear diagnosis for patients. The index of prevalence rate of CHD, the types of the disease, and gender of the patients in 14957 children and teenagers were statistically analyzed. Results Altogether 61 cases of CHD were discovered. The total prevalence of CHD was 4.08‰ (61 of 14957 cases), the prevalence rate in male was 4.55‰, in female was 3.61‰, No difference of the prevalence rate was found between male and female (χ2=0.823, P＞0.05);the difference among different age groups had no statistical significance (χ2=4.692, P＞0.05);The prevalence rate of CHD in Qiaojia was 5.17‰, in Daguan was 6.36‰, and in Zhenxiong was 3.03‰, There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate among different countries (χ2=5.897, P＞0.05). In terms of the types of the disease, atrial septal defect accounted for the first (37.7％ ), followed by ventricular septal defect (26.2％ ) and patent ductus arteriosus (19.7％ ), others types of CHD were rare. Conclusion The prevalence of CHD in investigated area is slightly higher than the average level of the nationwide. The main types of CHD are atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with different subtypes of breast cancer: basaloid, HER-2 and luminal types, and try to find the evidence of individualized treatment for the patients.

METHODS1280 histologically and immunohistochemically proven patients with resectable breast cancer were treated, and the clinical data including characteristics, relapse and survival of the patients with different subtypes of breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSOf the 1280 breast cancer patients, basaloid, HER-2 and luminal types accounted for 20.9%, 23.2% and 55.9%, respectively. Basaloid type was more likely to be found in younger patients frequently with a family history of breast cancer. HER-2 type usually had a tumor of larger size with more advanced stage disease and more metastatic lymph nodes. Luminal type was likely to occur in aged patients with an earlier stage disease. The recurrence rates in basaloid, HER-2 and luminal types were 25.0%, 27.9% and 11.7%, respectively. Patients with basaloid or HER-2 type were found to have a significantly higher recurrence rate than the patients with luminal type breast cancer (P < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the basaloid and HER-2 types. However, patients with basaloid type breast cancer were more likely to develop lung metastasis than HER-2 type (13.4% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.017). Up to December 2006, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for patients with basaloid, HER-2 and luminal types were 72.2%, 68.2% and 86.2% (P < 0.001), respectively. The overall 5-yr survival (OS) rates of the three groups were 88.6%, 83.8% and 95.8% (P < 0.001) , respectively. Of the patients with luminal type breast cancer, HER2-negative patients had a higher DFS (86.2% vs 57.0%, P < 0.001) and OS (95.8% vs 87.7%, P = 0.0001) compared with those with HER2-positive. The results of Multivariate Cox Regression showed that tumor size and lymph node state were the most important factors influencing the prognosis.

CONCLUSIONEach subtype of breast cancer has somewhat its own specific clinical features in terms of recurrence pattern and prognosis, therefore, individualized treatment regimen may be required.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

This study aimed to establish an animal model of decompression-induced lung injury (DILI) secondary to repetitive diving in mice and explore the role of macrophages in DILI and the protective effects of high-concentration hydrogen (HCH) on DILI. Mice were divided into three groups: control group, DILI group, and HCH group. Mice were exposed to hyperbaric air at 600 kPa for 60 min once daily for consecutive 3 d and then experienced decompression. In HCH group, mice were administered with HCH (66.7% hydrogen and 33.3% oxygen) for 60 min after each hyperbaric exposure. Pulmonary function tests were done 6 h after decompression; the blood was harvested for cell counting; the lung tissues were harvested for the detection of inflammatory cytokines, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and immunohistochemistry; western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were done for the detection of markers for M1 and M2 macrophages. Our results showed that bubbles formed after decompression and repeated hyperbaric exposures significantly reduced the total lung volume and functional residual volume. Moreover, repetitive diving dramatically increased proinflammatory factors and increased the markers of both M1 and M2 macrophages. HCH inhalation improved lung function to a certain extent, and significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory factors. These effects were related to the reduction of M1 macrophages as well as the increase in M2 macrophages. This study indicates that repetitive diving damages lung function and activates lung macrophages, resulting in lung inflammation. HCH inhalation after each diving may be a promising strategy for the prevention of DILI.
Animals ; Cell Polarity ; Diving/adverse effects* ; Lung/physiology* ; Lung Injury/etiology* ; Macrophages/physiology* ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pulmonary Edema/etiology*