By means of the indirect-enzyme conjugation method, we studied the enke-phalin immunoreactivity in the brain of the guinea pigs.A number of brown granules were found to be distributed in the cell body and nerve fibers as well as in the nerve terminals .They are the product of immunoreactions between the leu-enk and the anti-leu-enk-serum or between the met-enk and the anti-met-enk-serum respectively .Some necessary conditions required for the success of the re-action were discussed

In the progress of viral hepatitis, lymphocytes migrate and infiltrate liver tissues, which is relevant to antiviral therapy.However, the related mechanism is still poorly understood.In recent years,CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10 and its receptor CXCR3 have been extensively studied.The interaction between CXCL10 and CXCR3 would be a breakthrough point for study of the mechanism of viral hepatitis pathogenesis.This article reviews the research advances of CXCL10 in the progression of viral hepatitis and in the evaluation of antiviral therapy.

Objective To improve the understanding,diagnosis and treatment for urethra syndrome of menopausal women.Methods 626 female patients with urethra syndrome took nilestriol of 2 mg/2 weeks orally after initating invalid antibiotic therapy.Then the therapeutic effects were observed and compared.Results 143 cases showed specially remarkable effect (2 weeks),426 cases presented remarkable effect (4 weeks),55 cases produced obvious effect (6 weeks) and 2 cases had common effect (8 weeks).The total effective rate was 100%.There was no complication.Conclusion Nilestriol supplementary treatment for urethra syndrome of menopausal women (1～2 mg/2 weeks) is safe and reliable with good effect.

Objective:To explore the importance and the breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care for patients with renal disease,especially using drugs with narrow therapeutic window and notable individual difference.Methods:Digoxin concentration and international normalized ratio (INR) were detected by clinical pharmacists,and then individualized pharmaceutical care was given to the patient according to the monitoring results.Results:Physician increased the monitoring frequency and adjusted the drug usage according to the patient's renal function.The patient's condition was improved and understood the necessity of related index monitoring.Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can assist physicians in optimizing the treatment,and ensure safe,reasonable and effective medication by providing pharmaceutical care in various aspects.

Objective To discuss treatments of femoral intertrochanteric fractures by external fixators which can prevent complications caused by lying in bed for long periods after operation. Methods After proper closed reduction had the fragments maintained in good position, the fracture was fixed by external fixators through closed pinning under the roentgenoscopy. After the operation the patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures could conduct early exercises to recover the functions of the fractured limb. Results Compared with traction or inner fixation, this method to treat femoral intertrochanteric fractures showed significant superiority in trauma, healing time, expenditure, functional recovery and complications for the majority of the patients. Conclusion The external fixators are recommendable for patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures when their bone matrix and physical conditions are good enough.

Animal models of chronic myocardial ischemia are more accordant with clinical pathological and physiological procession of ischemic cardiomyopathy, because they can be administrated more times and observed for a long time. The major methods to establish animal models include chronic coronary mechanically compressed, coronary embolismed, coronary ligated and high fat die. We should select the different kinds of animal and methods according to the different physiologicals characteristics in animal.

Objective To study the effects of cyclooxygenase( COX)?2 selective inhibitors on post?endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) pancreatitis ( PEP ) and hyperamylasemia for common bile duct stones. Methods A total of 128 patients with normal serum amylase underwent ERCP from June 2014 to February 2015 in our hospital and were given corresponding drugs to prevent PEP.The pa?tients were divided randomly into four groups:combination group( n=33) , celecoxib group( n=34) , nitro?glycerin group(n=32) and control group(n=29). The serum amylase(AMS), C?reactive protein(CRP) and direct bilirubin( Dbil) after ERCP were measured. Abdominal pain was observed, and the incidence of PEP and post?ERCP hyperamylasemia were recorded. Results The incidence of PEP in combination group, celecoxib group were lower than those in nitroglycerin group and the control group ( 3?03%, 2?94% VS 15?63%, 17?24%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0?078).The incidence of post?ERCP hyperamylasemia in combination group and celecoxib group were lower than that in the control group ( 3?03%,5?88% VS 31?03%) with statistically significant difference( P=0?003, P=0?010) . There was no significant difference between nitroglycerin group ( 25%) and control group. The abdominal pain grades of combination group and celecoxib group were lower than those in nitroglycerin group and control group with significant difference(P<0?05). Celecoxib may reduce CRP after ERCP(P=0?001) and nitroglycerin may reduce Dbil after ERCP(P=0?016). Conclusion Celecoxib may reduce the incidence of hyperamylasemia and can help to reduce the abdominal pain and inflammatory reactions after ERCP . Nitroglycerin can help to reduce the Dbil after ERCP .

ObjectiveTo sum up the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of concealed penis,analyze the indications and advantages of different operative methods for concealed penis.Methods62 children with concealed penis were treated by different surgical operations according to the different types,and the effect of surgical treatment was arelyzed.ResultsOpertaions were successed in all 62 cases,children were discharged after 5 ～ 10 operation days.After follow-up for 3 months to 2 years,62 children had received good recovered with an effective exposure of penis and no severe edema and other complications.ConclusionChildren with concealed penis should be given personalized scheme,choose the best method to extend the length of the penis and improve the penis appearance.

Objective To evaluate β1、β2 and β3-adrenoreceptor mRNA expression in the sepsis rat model and to investigate the influence of the levels of β1、β2(especially β3AR)on heart dysfunction of sepsis rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group and sepsis group,either group was then divided into four subgroups:6 h,18 h,24 h,36 h,RT-PCR was used to determined β1、β2 and β3-adrenoreceptor mRNA expression.Results The ratio of β1-AR/β-actin mRNA was lower in sepsis groups as compared with control.Among the two groups,the control group had the highest ratio(1.07±0.13)and sepsis 36h group had the lowest(0.59±0.13)with significant difference(P＜0.05).The ratio of β2-AR/β-actin mRNA was lower in sepsis group as mmpared with coatrol,but there was no statistical significance.The ratio of β3-AR/β-actin mRNA was higher in sepsis group as compared with control.Sepsis 36 h group was the highest with an increase of 73%as compared with control(P＜0.05).Conclusion These data suggest that the reduction of β1-AR mRNA and the increase of β3-AR mRNA might contribute to sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction.