Effective loading and site-specific delivery of growth factors to regulate the cell growth on scaffold is one of the key issues of tissue engineering. Polymeric nanoparticle is one of the candidate carriers for carrying growth factors. This article attempts to introduce the biological characteristics of growth factors commonly used in tissue engineering, polymer materials for carrying the growth factors and the preparation of the nanoparticles and delivery systems. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparations are also discussed to facilitate the selection of the appropriate methods and materials. Relevant research progress and application potentials are discussed ss well.

After lower rectal anterior resection, patients often experience defecation disorders such as increased stool frequency and fecal incontinence. Researches have shown that these disorders may be resulted from pathophysiological consequences such as impaired neorectal compliance, decreased internal anal sphincter function, direct damage or injury of the nervous supply and the loss of rectal sensation.

OBJECTIVE：To analyse the distributing proportion of amoxicillin/clavulanate K(CA) in β-lactmas and the popularzing rate of CA in hospitals.The proportions of different drug dosage forms of CA were compared.METHODS：The sums of money of the antiinfectives,β-lactams(penicillins) and CA consumed in 13 cities of China in 1999 were analysed.RESULTS：The distributing proportion of CA in β-lactams(penicillins)accounted for 18.3％ ,the popularzing rate of CA in 13 cities was 74.4％ ,of which,oral dosage form amounted to 41.7％ and powdered form for injection 58.3％ .CONCLUSION：The results can provide reference for rational use of drugs in hospital.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disabling mental illness with thecore symptoms of obsession and compulsion, while its pathological mechanism has not yet been fully understood. In recent years, magnetic resonance (MR) technology has been used in the study of mental illness, because of its nonradiative and non-invasive advantage, etc. Many MR studies have found that OCD patients havecerebellar changes in structure and function, and these changes have contact with the incidence of OCD. This paper reviews the cerebellar's role in the onset of OCDapplying MR technology.

Epidural analgesia is the most effective form of pain relief available to labouring women.In this review,the author highlights the latest progress in the researches on the mechanism of epidural analgesia for labour,the choice of administration mode,the choice of local anaesthetics and opioids,and the impact of epidural analgesia on the parturient and fetus.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the Aucklandiae Radix quality by combining gray correlation method and FCM (Fuzzy C-Means) algorithm. Methods HPLC method was used to determine the content of costunolide and dehydrocostus, and the content of volatile oil was determined by steam distillation. The gray correlation method was used to sort the quality of Chinese herbal medicines, and the FCM algorithm was used to classify the quality of medicines. Results The average correlation degree of Aucklandiae Radix from different producing areas was: Yunnan > Guangdong > Guangxi > Hunan> Sichuan > Bozhou > Beijing > Hebei. FCM algorithm divided samples into three categories: Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi were in the high quality group; Hunan and Sichuan were in the medium quality group; Beijing, Bozhou, and Hebei were in the low quality group. Conclusion Constructing an integrated pattern recognition model system for evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials, and the fuzzy clustering algorithm was adopted for the first time in Aucklandiae Radix. The purpose of this study is to form a kind of research method of Aucklandiae Radix quality evaluation and provide a way to guide and apply the new methods of modern pattern recognition and data mining in the application of traditional Chinese medicine quality evaluation.

AlM:To compare the results of lOL Master, contact and immersion A-scan ultrasound measurements for anterior chamber depth ( ACD ) , and evaluate the difference and consistency.METHODS:Fifty-eight cases (98 eyes) with age-related cataract during July to October in 2013 did the A-scan ultrasound with contact and immersion measurements and lOL Master to get the results of ACD. Difference in measurements between methods was assessed using the variance analysisi. Consistency was assessed using Bland-Altman.RESULTS:The ACD measured by lOL Master was 2. 31~3. 90mm, the mean was 3. 03 ± 0. 38mm. The ACD measured by contact A- scan ultrasound was 1. 51 ~4. 06mm, the mean was 2. 88 ± 0. 56mm. The ACD measured by immersion A-scan ultrasound was 1. 99 ~4. 17mm, the mean was 3. 17±0. 38mm. The results of lOL Master and contact A - scan ultrasound had statistical differences (P=0. 022<0. 05). The results of lOL Master and immersion A - scan ultrasound had statistical differences (P=0. 031<0. 05). The results of contact A-scan ultrasound and immersion A-scan ultrasound had statistical differences (P=0. 000<0. 05). The consistency between three methods was poor. CONCLUSlON: The rank of ACD of patients with cataract is immersion A-scan ultrasound, lOL Master and contact A-scan ultrasound. The consistency is poor, and the three methods can’t be interchanged clinically.

Asthma ; prevention & control ; Child ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; prevention & control

Objective To explore clinical characteristics in boys and girls with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and provide refe-rences for clinician′s correct diagnosis and cognition.Methods The clinical characteristics and laboratory examination of 88 children with SLE were comparatively analyzed from Dec.1993 to Sep.2007 by a retrospective cohort study.There was a ratio of 1.04.9 between boys and girls with SLE,and the peak incidence was among adolescent girls(10-15 years old),accounting for 60.2% of all children with SLE.There was no difference in onset age between the 2 groups.Disease activity was evaluated using SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI).Clinical characteristics and laboratory examination were studied by Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results There were significant differences in the constituent ratio of onset symptom and clinical symptom between boys and girls with SLE.Initial manifestation in boys with SLE was mainly skin lesion while in girls with SLE was fever.There were no significant difference for the incidence of each organ lesion between boys and girls with SLE,but higher rate of anemia and hepatic disfunction in girls with SLE was found.There were up trends of splenomegaly,abnormal electroence phalogram,butterfly erythema occurred in girls with SLE,while gastrointestinal symptoms,serositis,eyes damage occured in boys with SLE.Nephrotic syndrome was the main type of renal damage in both groups(boys:40.0%,girls:45.7%).There were significant differences in the constituent ratio of detection rate in laboratory examination,but no significant difference of positive rate was found in any kind of item between boys and girls with SLE.There was some relationship between C3 and muti-organ lesion,double stranded DNA(dsDNA) and renal lesion through correlation analysis for girls with SLE.Conclusions There are some differences of initial manifestation between boys and girls with SLE,the clinical features and laboratory examination show no gender difference.C3 may be a indicator of the disease severity for girls with SLE.

Objective: To investigate whether atorvastatin can prevent renal injury in mice independent of the lipid-lowering effects. Methods: CD36-/- SR-A-/- ApoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to a high fat diet (high fat group) and high fat diet plus atorvastatin (atorvastatin) group; male C57BL mice with a chow diet served as controls. Terminal blood samples were taken for plasma cholesterol assay 14 weeks later. Renal sections were used for histological and immunohistochemistry assessments. The lipid accumulation in the kidney was evaluated by Oil Red O (ORO) staining. The mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), collagen I and IV, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: Blood total cholesterol levels (LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol) were not nd high fat group. Meanwhile, ORO staining showed that atorvastatin significantly different between atorvastatin group a decreased lipid accumulation in the kidney; Masson and H-E staining demonstrated that atorvastatin therapy attenuated massive structural changes, including mesangial proliferation, interstitial matrix deposition, accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, tubular-interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and renal deformations with glomerulosclerosis/tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the high fat group. Moreover, atorvastatin therapy not only decreased TGF-β expression at mRNA and protein levels, but also decreased the expression of factors related to fibrosis. Conclusion: Atorvastatin can protect the kidney independent of the lipid-lowering effects and SR-A, CD36 receptor pathways, and it might be related to decrease of TGF-beta expression.