Differentiated cells can be induced into pluripotent stem cell by reprogramming with defined fators. The new method of stem cell technology marks a major breathrough. This paper reviews the establishment, identification and research progress about induction of pluripotent stem cell.

Objectives:This study was to evaluate the role of nasogastric feeding as early nutritional support in geriatric patients with brain injury. Methods:Thirty one geriatric patients with brain injury were randomly assigned to two groups,one supported with enteral nutrition(16 cases) and another with parenteral nutrition(15 cases).The serum glucose level,liver function and serum albumin levels were determined.The relative complications were recorded daily. Results:In early enteral nutrition group,there were less complications. Conclusions:The early enteral nutrition is well tolerated in the geriatric patients with brain injury.

The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) is a cooperative group to conduct clinical trials in breast and colorectal cancer research. In this article, we review NSABP breast cancer clinical trials.

Objective: To observe the differential expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC-Ma) in early renal carcinoma and corresponding adjacent (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cm) tissues, so as to estimate the safe margin of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumors. Methods: Tissue microarrys, including 44 tissues of clear cell renal cell carcinoma[A] and normal renal cortex tissues of different distances to the tumor: 0.5 cm[B], 1.0 cm[C] and 2.0 cm [D], were constructed. The expression of EMA and RCC-Ma was examined by immunohistochemical staining in the four groups. Results: Intensive membranous and (or) cytoplasmic staining of EMA and RCC-Ma was observed in the cancer and adjacent tissues. The positive rate in group A was significantly higher than those of the other three groups (A [15.91%/ 18.18%], B[84.09%/79.55%], C[86.36%/77.27%] and D[79.55%/75.00%], P<0.01). The positive rates of EMA and RCC-Ma expression were not significantly different between the group B, C, and D(P>0.05). Conclusion: Our data denote that, when laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is done for early renal carcinoma, at least 5 mm of normal parenchyma tissue beyond the pesudocapsule should be excised with the tumor.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of urinary retinol binding protein(RBP) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase(NAG) for evaluating renal function in preterm neonate.Methods 89 neonates in our NICU were selected,divided into three groups:the asphyxial preterm group (18 cases),the no-asphxial preterm group (25 cases),and the control group (46 term infants without asphyxia).All objects were detected the urinary RBP,NAG and creatinine(Cr).The levels of RBP/Cr and NAG/Cr and blood urea nitrogen(BUN),Cr were observed within 48h after birth after birth.The fluctuations of urinary RBP/Cr and NAG/Cr in no-asphxial preterm group also were observed in 0~48h,~96h,~168h after birth respectively.Results The urinary RBP/Cr levels in asphyxial preterm group [(0.951±0.629)g/mol] were higher than those in no-asphxial preterm group[(0.389±0.281)g/mol] and the control group[(0.119±0.081)g/mol](P<0.05).The urinary RBP/Cr levels in no-asphxial preterm group were also significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of urinary NAG/Cr in the asphyxial and no-asphxial preterm groups were both higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no difference betwteen the former two groups(P>0.05).The levels of serum Cr and BUN were no significant difference in the three groups(P>0.05).The urinary RBP/Cr level had non-linear correlation with either postnatal or gestational age in no-asphyxial preterm group.While the urinary NAG/Cr levels negative correlated with the gestational age(r=-0.625,P<0.05).And the correlation between the urinary NAG/Cr and postnatal age was postive(P<0.05).Conclusion The determination of urinary NAG/Cr and RBP/Cr provides a sensitive and reliable method to evaluate the renal function of neonates,especially in preterm infants.The RBP/Cr is affected by asphyxia more than NAG/Cr,which is rather correlated with gestational age.

Objective To observe the levels of Ang - 1 and NF-κB in lung tissue and to aseess the severity of ALI induced by phosgene in order to clarify the mechanism of the protective effect of Ang - 1 on phosgene induced ALI.Method Rats were randomly divided into phosgene group and air group.Another rats were randomly (random number) divided into phosgene group,phosgene + PDTC group and air group.Lung tissue was collected to weigh and calculate the wet / dry weight ratio,measure BALF,white blood cell count,total protein and Ang-1 at given time after exposure to phosgene/air and PDTC.The Ang - 1 and NF-κB levels in lung tissue were measured with Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 statistical package and comparisons between groups were carried out byusing One-Way ANOVA analysis and LSD -t test,α ＜ 0.05.Results Serum angiopoietin -1 level became lesser within 48 hours after exposure to Phosgene.The severity of ALI became worser with time elapsing.Ccompare with air group,the severity of ALI in phosgene group was worser with time elapsing ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with phosgene + PDTC group,the serum angiopoietin -1 and arterial oxygen partial pressure in phosgene group were lower ( P ＜ 0.05).The severity of ALI of rats in phosgene group were worser than that in phosgene + PDTC group ( P ＜ 0.05).Serum angiopoietin -1 and partial pressure of oxygen of rats in phosgene group were higher than those in phosgene + PDTC group ( P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry test showed that the expression of Ang-1 in lung tissue in air group were normal,and Ang-1 in phosgene group were significantly reduced,and Ang-1 in PDTC intervention group was higher than that in phosgene group and lower than that in air group.The above results were confirmed by Western blot test which was consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry test.Similarly,the levels of NF-κB in lung tissue determined by using both Western - blot and immunohistochemistry were consistant,and results of both methods showed that the expression of NF - κB in air group was normal,and it increased in phosgene group,and the expression of NF-κB in phosgene + PDTC group was lower than that in phosgene group.Conclusions The serum level of Ang-1 was decreasing within 48 hours after ALI.Ang-1 was negatively correlated with the sevfity of phosgene induced ALI.Ang-1 likely had an effect on NF-κB signaling pathway,ameliorating the inflammation mediated by cytokines,reducing lung endothelial permeability and in turn lessening the severity of ALI.

Cancer development is a complex process that involves multiple genetic changes and multiple signaling pathways . Recent findings show that the GRIM-19 is a novel apoptosis regulation gene , and its gene mutations and loss of protein expression have been observed in many tumor types such as urinarysystem tumor , digestive system neoplasm , which are closely related to cancer devel-opment.Thus, GRIM-19 may be a potential target for gene therapy .Pro-apoptotic mechanisms of GRIM-19 and its related proteins such as STAT3,GW112,p16INK4aare overviewed in this article.

OBJECTIVE To investigate pathogenic bacteria isolated from children with respiratory tract infection and bacterial resistance to commonly used antimicrcrobial agents. METHODS Routine methods were used to isolate and identify fastidious bacteria and Streptococcus from children throat swabs. The drug susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS One hundred and twenty four pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 300 samples. The isolation rate was 41.3% and the fastidious bacteria were 78 strains(62.9%). The resistant rate of Haemophilus influenzae to clarithromycimn, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazoe(SXT) and ampicllin was 70.0%, 60.0%and 66.7%, respectively. The resistant rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to tetracycline, clindamycin, SXT and azithromycin was 96.2% 92.3% 92.3% and 92.3%, respectively; the resistant rate of Streptococcus pyogenes to tetracycline, clidamycin and azithromyoin was 100.00%, 94.45% and 83.33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fastidion bacteria and S. pyogenes are the main Pathogenic bacteria in children with respiratory tract infection. The antimicrobial agents should be chosen according to antimicrobial sasceptibility test results.

[Objective] To evaluate the therapeutic effect of early composite treatment in patients with cervical spinal cord injury(SCI) caused by diving injury.[Method]27 patients of SCI caused by diving injury,including complete SCI in 15 patients and incomplete SCI in 12 patients,were analyzed.Early composite treatment scheme were as follows:(1) systemic treatment: respiratory support and effective circulation volume for maintenance of systolic pressure more than 90mmHg and oxygen saturation more than 90%.(2) Early pharmacological treatment such as methylprednisolone and dexamethasone.(3) Immobilization and reduction of the injured cervical spine by skull traction.(4) Early cervical decompression,reduction,graft and internal fixation.(5) Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy after operation.The stability and fusion of the injured segments and the complications of the hardware were observed on the X-ray film postoperatively.The spinal cord function was evaluated with ASIA grades and sensorymotor scores.[Result]All 27 patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months,with an average of 28 months.No intra-operative and post-operative complications,the incision healed well.The injured segments were stable and all bone grafts acquired fusion in 3 months,no plates or screws broken or loosen.The neurological recovery were detected in 13 patients.The neurological recovery rate was 20% in complete SCI,83.3% in incomplete SCI,48.1% in the total.The ASIA grades of the sensory and motor scores could hardly be improved postoperatively in complete spinal cord injury while in incomplete spinal cord injury the ASIA grades and sensorymotor scores increased significantly.[Conclusion]Early composite treatment of cervical spinal cord injury caused by diving injury can significantly improve neurological function of the cervical spinalcord injury patients.

0.05); VEGF at 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml with the exposure time of 5 d increased the incorporation( P