Objective: To explore the relationship between air pollutants and pediatric outpatient volumes in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality. Methods: Data of meteorological factors, air pollutants and pediatric outpatient volumes in four general hospitals were collected in Baoshan District from 2015 to 2019, and a generalized additive model was used to fit the Poisson-like distribution. The exposure-response relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and total pediatric outpatient volumes and pediatric respiratory outpatients. Results: The median of the average daily temperature and relative humidity were 18.7 (interquartile range, 14.4) ℃ and 74.5% (interquartile range, 18.0%) in Baoshan District from 2015 to 2019, respectively. The median of the average daily concentrations of PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3 were 35.0 (interquartile range, 35.0), 11.0 (interquartile range, 7.0), 45.0 (interquartile range, 31.8) and 84.5 (interquartile range, 50.0) μg/m3, respectively. The median of the average daily total and respiratory pediatric outpatient volumes were 680 (interquartile range, 246) and 392 (interquartile range, 253). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that temperature, relative humidity, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3 were associated with total and respiratory pediatric outpatient volume (all P<0.05). Under the single pollutant model, the excess risk of total and respiratory pediatric outpatient volume due to PM2.5 (ER=0.318, 0.257), SO2 (ER=1.610, 2.546), and NO2 (ER=0.808, 0.839) reached the maximum effect on the same day, and the effect of O3 (ER=0.102, 0.222) reached its maximum at the first day of lag. Under the multi-pollutant model, after O3, SO2, NO2 and PM2.5 were introduced, a exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and total pediatric outpatient volumes was the largest on the sixth day after the lag (ER=0.419). There was no exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and respiratory pediatric outpatient volumes. Conclusion PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3 are associated with total and respiratory pediatric outpatient volumes, and the lag effects due to different air pollutants are different.

Objective To evaluate the expression levels of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4)and B-cells pecific Moloney leukemia virus insert site-1 (BMI-1 )in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and pericarcinous tissues.To explore the function and clinical significance in the development of ESCC and their association.Methods The expression levels of PADI4 and BMI-1 were measured by immunohisto-chemistry,Western blotting and quantitative real time PCR in ESCC tissues and pericarcinous tissues from 86 patients.The relationships between the expressions of PADI4 and BMI-1 and the clinicopathologic characte-ristics were analyzed.Results The immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of PADI4 and BMI-1 in ESCC tissues (68.6% and 73.3%)were significantly higher than those in pericarcinous tissues (37.2% and 30.2%,χ2 =1 7.01 1 ,P =0.000;χ2 =31 .876,P =0.000).Western blotting indicated that the levels of PADI4 and BMI-1 were higher than those in pericarcinous tissues (0.91 9 ±0.098 vs.0.71 8 ±0.1 03,t =2.462,P =0.021 ;0.975 ±0.074 vs.0.71 7 ±0.071 ,t =2.640,P =0.01 4).The expressions of BMI-1 and PADI4 mRNA in ESCC tissues were higher than those in pericarcinous tissues,but the differences were not sta-tistically significant (0.091 ±0.005 vs.0.038 ±0.002,t =1 .701 ,P =0.1 01 ;0.1 1 4 ±0.075 vs.0.048 ± 0.003,t =1 .499,P =0.1 46)by the quantitative real time PCR.The expression of PADI4 was correlated with lymph node metastasis (χ2 =5.771 ,P =0.01 6),depth of invasion (χ2 =6.672,P =0.01 0)and clinical stage (χ2 =5.771 ,P =0.01 6).The BMI-1 gene expression had a correlation with lymph node metastasis (χ2 =7.1 76,P =0.007),the differentiation degree (χ2 =1 3.787,P =0.001 )and clinical stage (χ2 =7.1 76,P =0.007).In addition,there was a positive correlation between PADI4 and BMI-1 expression in ESCC by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time PCR (r =0.21 4,P =0.047;r =0.534,P =0.005).Conclusion The expression levels of PADI4 and BMI-1 are significantly higher in ESCC compared to pericarcinous tissues.PADI4 and BMI-1 are positively correlated and may contribute to the diagnosis and prog-nosis of the ESCC.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of montelukast tablets combined with Yupingfeng granules in the treatment of allergic purpura.Methods A total of 130 children with allergic purpura were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 65 cases per group.Control group was treated with montelukast,4 mg · d-1 for 3-4 years old,5 mg· d-1 for ＞ 6 years old,every night,oral.Treatment group was given Yupingfeng granules,2.5 g each time for 3-7 years old,5 g each time for 7-14 years old,tid,oral,on the basis of the control group.Two groups were treated for 3 months.The clinical efficacy,recurrence rate and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment and control groups were 93.84％ (61/65 cases) and 75.38％ (49/65 cases),the recurrence rates in treatment and control groups were 0 (0/65 cases) and 15.38％ (10/65 cases),the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were dizziness,diarrhea and fever,which in control group were fever,nausea,dizziness and chest tightness.The incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 6.15％ and 7.69％ without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Montelukast tablets combined with Yupingfeng granules have a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of allergic purpura,without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Objective To investigate the value of fluorescin-aided confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) for diagnosis of helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Methods From June 2009 to November 2009, patients undergone gastric endoscope examination with upper gastrointestinal symptoms (upper abdominal discomfort, abdominal distension, satiation, acid reflux and eructation) or screened for gastric cancer were enrolled. The gastric mucosa CLE image data of twenty diagnosed Hp positive patients and 10 Hp negative patients was analyzed retrospectively. By comparing with histological image of targeted biopsy tissue, the CLE diagnostic criteria for Hp infection were established. In the prospective study, CLE diagnose result was compared with Hp tested result. The consistency of CLE diagnostic criteria in different observers was also analyzed. The CLE image data with histopathology result were compared accordingly. Results Total 72 patients were enrolled in the prospective study,of 34 Hp positive patients, 31 patients were correctly diagnosed by CLE. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of CLE diagnosis were 88.9%, 91.2 and 86.8% respectively. CLE image displaying fluorescin leakage and cell shedding was the highest specificity for Hp infection diagnosis, (97.4 %);fluorescin leakage plus gastric pits distortion and cell edema was the highest sensitivity (88. 2%). The consistency of CLE diagnostic criteria in different observers was high (Kappa value 0. 72, 0.87). The CLE image of Hp infection was highly correlated with inflammation activity (P＜0. 001). Conclusion CLE can accurately distinguish normal mucosa from Hp infected mucosa at the cellular level. The diagnostic value for Hp infection was reliable.

OBJECTIVEIsobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with mass spectrometry were used to screen differentially expressed plasma proteins in cold stress rats.

METHODSThirty health SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into cold stress group A and control group B, then A and B were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 5): A1, A2, A3 and B1, B2, B3. The temperature of room raising was (24.0 +/- 0.1) degrees C, and the cold stress temperature was (4.0 +/- 0.1) degrees C. The rats were treated with different temperatures until 12 h. The abdominal aortic blood was collected with heparin anticoagulation suction tube. Then, the plasma was separated for protein extraction, quantitative, enzymolysis, iTHAQ labeling, scx fractionation and mass spectrometry analysis.

RESULTSTotally, 1085 proteins were identified in the test, 39 differentially expressed proteins were screened, including 29 up-regulated proteins and 10 down-regulated proteins. Three important differentially expressed proteins related to cold stress were screened by bioinfonnatics analysis (Minor histocompatihility protein HA-1, Has-related protein Rap-1b, Integrin beta-1).

CONCLUSIONIn the experiment, the differentially expressed plasma proteins were successfully screened in cold stress rats. iTRAQ technology provided a good platform to screen protein diaguostic markers on cold stress rats, and laid a good foundation for further. study on animal cold stress mechanism.

Animals ; Blood Proteins ; chemistry ; Cold Temperature ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To explore the therapeutic efficacy, safety and complication incidence of microsurgical craniectomy for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods 105 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (the bleeding volume was 30-80 mL) were randomly divided into medical treatment (n=50) and microsurgical craniectomy (n=55). Outcomes were evaluated including patients' neurological functional deficiency scores 21 d after treatment, curative effect, complication incidence and mortality within 6 months. Results The patients' neurological functional deficiency scores in surgical treatment group were significantly superior to those in the medical treatment group(t=4.710, P=-0.000); the effect of surgical treatment was significantly superior to that in the control group(U=927.500 ,P=0.003); in the surgical treatment group, the complication incidence was lower than that of the control group significantly (χ2=8.935 ,P=0.003); the mortality in surgical group was 44.0%, which was lower than 23.6% in the control group in 6 months after treatment (χ2=4.014,P=0.045).Conclusion Microsurgical craniectomy, which can depress the mortality and the complication incidence and elevate the life level of patients, is an effective treatment method for the patients with basal nucle ihypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (volume of 30-80 mL).

BACKGROUNDA comprehensive assessment of various vascular anomalies and variants associated with venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT) by radiography is essential for therapeutic planning and improving the clinical outcome. This study evaluated the incidence of various vascular anomalies and variants on the PT side and determined whether these lesions occurred as multiple or single entities.

METHODSThe dual-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of 242 patients with unilateral venous PT were retrospectively reviewed. The vascular anomalies and variants on the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides were analyzed, and the incidences of anomalies or variants on each side were compared. The number of anomalies and variants on the symptomatic side in each patient was calculated.

RESULTS(1) A total 170 patients (170/242) had more than one anomaly or variant on the symptomatic side, and 58 patients (58/242) had a single lesion on tomography. (2) There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of dehiscent sigmoid plate (P = 0.000), lateral sinus stenosis (P = 0.014), high jugular bulb (P = 0.000), sigmoid sinus diverticulum (P = 0.000), jugular bulb diverticulum (P = 0.000), dehiscent jugular bulb (P = 0.000), and a large emissary vein (P = 0.006) between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides. (3) Dehiscent sigmoid plate (86.4%) was the most frequent lesion on the symptomatic side, followed by lateral sinus stenosis (55.8%), high jugular bulb (47.1%), sigmoid sinus diverticulum (34.3%), jugular bulb diverticulum (13.6%), dehiscent jugular bulb (13.6%), large emissary vein (4.1%), sinus thrombosis (1.2%), and petrosquamosal sinus (0.8%).

CONCLUSIONSVarious vascular anomalies and variants occur more frequently on the venous PT side. Preliminary findings suggest that venous PT patients may have multiple vascular anomalies or variants on the symptomatic side.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tinnitus ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the human myxovirus resistant protein A (MxA), a specifically induced peptide by interferon I, and to use its level as a diagnostic criterion for viral infections.

METHODSAnti-MxA antisera from immunized mice were prepared with the expressed MxA protein of pET32a-MxA in E. coli BL-21(DE3). To confirm the antiserum activity and specificity, the expression product of BL21, wild type MxA pEGFP-C1-wMxA and site-directed mutant MxA pEGFP-C1-mMxA(N589S) stably transfected 3T3 cells and induced A549 cells were detected by Western blot with the antisera using non-MxA transfected or non-IFN-beta induced cells, intact A549, NIH 3T3 cells transfected with pEGFP-C1 and pET32a (+)-transformed BL-21 as controls.

RESULTSThe antisera had specific positive immunoreactivity to the NIH3T3 cells transformed with pEGFP-C1-wMxA and pEGFP-C1-mMxA, INF-beta induced A549 cells and BL21 proteins expressed with pET32a (+)-MxA. The hybridization signals from IFN-beta induced A549 cells depended on the IFN-beta inducing concentrations. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical assay showed that NIH 3T3 cells with pEGFP-C1-wMxA and pEGFP-C1-mMxA had > 98% of positive cells at 1:50 dilution of the serum and A549 cells induced by 20 ng/mL IFN-beta for 48 h showed 95% positive cells. pEGFP-C1-transfected NIH 3T3 cells were all negative.

CONCLUSIONAnti-sera are highly specific to diversified MxAs. The antibody is detectable by Western blot, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence assay.

Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mice ; Myxovirus Resistance Proteins ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects of three internal fixations as follows:dynamic hip screw (DHS), proximal femoral nail-A (PFNA) and InterTAN, for intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients.

METHODSFrom February 2007 to May 2012,136 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures (including 71 males and 65 females, ranging in age from 60 to 88 years old with an average of 69 years old) were treated with DHS (group A, 80 cases), PFNA (group B, 36 cases) and InterTAN (group C, 20 cases). Statistical analysis were applied to compare the 3 groups in operative time, blood loss, fracture healing time, intrraoperative complications and functional outcome (Harris hip score).

RESULTSThe average follow-up was 4.1 months (from 2.5 to 14 months). Compared with group A,groups B and C showed significant advantages in operative time, blood loss, fracture healing time, and intrraoperative complications, functional outcome (Harris scores) (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, group C had significant fewer intrraoperative complications (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in all the indexes except intrraoperative complications between groups B and C (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe PFNA and InterTAN appear to be more reliable than DHS for the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly, but InterTAN appear to be more reliable in comminuted and complex intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly than PFNA.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo analyze the effects of long-term microwave exposure on hippocampal structure and function in the rat.

METHODSExperiments were performed on 184 male Wistar rats (three exposure groups and a sham group). Microwaves were applied daily for 6 min over 1 month at average power densities of 2.5, 5, and 10 mW/cm2. Learning and memory abilities were assessed by Morris water maze. High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect neurotransmitter concentrations in the hippocampus. Hippocampal structures were observed by histopathological analysis.

RESULTSFollowing long-term microwave exposure there was a significant decrease in learning and memory activity in the 7 d, 14 d, and 1 m in all three microwave exposure groups. Neurotransmitter concentrations of four amino acids (glutamate, aspartic acid, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid) in hippocampus were increased in the 2.5 and 5 mW/cm2 groups and decreased in the 10 mW/cm2 group. There was evidence of neuronal degeneration and enlarged perivascular spaces in the hippocampus in the microwave exposure groups. Further, mitochondria became swollen and cristae were disordered. The rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited sacculated distension and there was a decrease in the quantity of synaptic vesicles.

CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that the hippocampus can be injured by long-term microwave exposure, which might result in impairment of cognitive function due to neurotransmitter disruption.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cognition ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; physiopathology ; radiation effects ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microwaves ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar