Objective To investigate the synergistic anticancer effect of ATO combined with Rad001 on human ovarian cancer cells in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. Methods SKOV3 cells were treated with Rad001, ATO and a combination of Rad001 and ATO, respectively. Cell relative luminescence units, viability, and combination index were tested. The apoptosis was quantified by Flow cytometry. Autophagy and apoptosis associated proteins were measured with immunoblotting. Results Significant decrease in live cell number were observed in cells treated with combination of Rad001 and ATO , compared with single compound treatment (P <0.05). Moreover, a higher rates of autophagy as well as apoptosis were observed in the combination treatment compared with single compound treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions combination of Rad001 and ATO can result in synergistic cytotoxicity through activation of the excessive autophagy and apoptotic pathway.

AIM:To make compound demethycantharidin(including Radix astragali and Rhizoma bletillae) into stomach remaining-floating sustained-release preparation. METHODS:Radix astragal and Rhizoma betillae pulverized to superfine powders were combined with hydrophilic gel to manufacture stomach remaining-floating sustained-release tablet(floating tablet). RESULTS:The tablet started to drift in 3 min in the artificial gastric juice and float lasted for more than 8 h. By isotopic tracering,the floating tablets given on an empty stomach were retarded for 2-3 h and on large meal for 4-5 h in combination with ordinary tablet only retarded for 1 h. A pharmacopoeia dissolution method was set up to determine the release. 50% of tablets were disintegration in 5 h,70% in 8 h. The t 1/2 was 5.1 h(2-4 h for ordinary tablets),and the MRT was 8.3 h(3.3 h for ordinary tablets),and the remaining-floating sustained-release tablets showed a relative bioavailability of 230.71%. CONCLUSION:Pretreatment of raw herbs from compound demethylcantharidin and selection of the excipients will help to produce the herb-containing floating tablet.

Objective To observe the effect of circadian rhythm on hypnotic median effective dose( ED50) of ketamine. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups which had 15 mice in each group. They were intraperitoneally injected with ketamine at different times of 2 Am,8 Am,2 Pm and 8 Pm, respectively. Righting reflex was recorded and the value of ED50 was measured with sequential experimental method. Results The hypnotic ED50 of ketamine at 2 Am was(54.57?0.82) mg/kg, with 95% confidence limit of ED50 38.06-78.22 mg/kg;ED50 was(49. 27?0. 12) mg/kg at 8 Am, with 95% confidence limit of ED50 40. 21-60. 37 mg/kg;ED50 at 2 Pm was (42.28?0.21) mg/kg, with 95% confidence limit 37.35 - 47 83 mg/kg;and ED50 at 8 Pm was(57.42?0.14) mg/kg, with 95% confidence limit 37.51-73 72 mg/kg,respectively. The ED50 were significant different at 2 Pm and 8 Pm. However, there were no significant difference in ED50 value among other groups. Conclusion The hypnotic effect of ketamine has circadian rhythm - dependent.

OBJECTIVETo observe the distribution of constitution types of Chinese medicine (CM) in patients with osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH).

METHODSTotally 130 ONFH patients were recruited. Constitution types of CM were identified in all patients. Distribution features of constitution types of CM in ONFH patients were observed. The differences of distribution in gender, age, single or bilateral hips, course of disease, staging, cause, and region were also analyzed.

RESULTSSeventy patients were of complicated constitutions, while 60 patients were of single constitution. Among the 60 single constitution cases, yang-deficiency constitution [18 (13.9%)], damp-heat constitution [10 (7.7%)], blood-stasis constitution [7 (5.4%)], and qi-deficiency constitution [7 (5.4%)] were mainly distributed. Of the complicated constitutions, yang-deficiency dominated constitution occupied the top ratio [30 (23.1%)], followed by blood-stasis dominated constitution [15 (11.5%)], damp-heat dominated constitution [9 (6.9%)]. By putting them together, yang-deficiency constitution occupied the top constitution of CM [48 (36.9%)], followed by blood-stasis constitution [ 22 (16.9%)] and damp-heat constitution [19 (14.6%)]. The aforesaid three constitutions accounted for 68.5% of the total. There were no statistical distribution differences in gender, age, single or bilateral hips, course of disease, staging, or cause.

CONCLUSIONYang-deficiency constitution, damp-heat constitution, and blood-stasis constitution were liable constitutions of CM in ONFH patients.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of SKy bone expander system in percutaneous kyphoplasty for treat- ment of osteoporotie verterbral compression fracture.Methods:Twenty-two patients(aged 62-90 years,32 vertebrae)under- went percutaneous kyphoplasty using SKy bone expander system.The bone cement was injected into the collapsed vertebrae. The vasual analogue scale(VAS)and complications were recorded during follow up.Results:The operations were successful in all patients via unilateral or bilateral approach.The operation time ranged from 30 to 120 min.The mean volume of cement in- jected into each vertebra body was(4.8?1.1)ml,ranged from 3.1 to 6.8 ml.Extravertebral leakage of bone cement was ob- served in two vertebrae with no symptoms.All patients had their pain relieved;the VAS was 7.6?0.8 before operation,3.5?0.5 one day after operation,2.8?0.6 one week after operation,and 2.4?0.6 one month after operation,with significant difference found between preoperation and postoperation(P

Objective To evaluate the effects of Guhong Injection on motor dysfunction in rats after cerebral ischemia- reperfusion. Methods The middle cerebral arteries were occluded for 2 hours and re-perfused in Sprague-Dawley rats. They were divided in sham group, model group, Aceglutamide group, Safflowere group and Guhong group, which were intravenously administrated with normal saline, Aceglutamide, Safflower or Guhong 24 hours after operation, and continued for 14 days. They were tested with the beam-walking test after treatment. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the viability of neurons in the substantia nigra. Results The model group spent more time in the beam-walking test than that in the sham group (P<0.01), and it decreased in the Safflower group and Guhong group compared with that in the model group (P<0.05). The TH-positive neurons decreased in the model rat compared with that in the sham group (P<0.001), and increased in both Safflower and Guhong groups compared with that in the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Guhong administration could significantly improve the motor dysfunction in rats after cerebral ischemia- reperfusion, which might be related to provent the neurons from injury in the substantia nigra.

Objective To study the effects of Guhong injection on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cortex 14 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n=6), ischemia group (n=6), aceglutamide injection group (n=6), Honghua injection group (n=6) and Guhong injection group (n=6). The middle cerebral arteries of all the rats were occluded for 2 hours and reperfusion, except the sham group. Drugs were administered once a day 24 hours after reperfusion. The expression of VEGF in cortex was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 14 days after reperfusion. Results The expression of VEGF decreased in the ischemia group compared with the sham group (P<0.001), and it increased both in the aceglutamide and Guhong injection groups compared with the ischemia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Guhong injection can significantly increase the expression of VEGF in the cortex 14 days after ischemia-reperfusion, which may be one of the ways for neuro-protection.

Objective To study the effects of the rehabilitation robot-assisted task-oriented training on the hand function in patients after stroke. Methods From June, 2015 to September, 2016, 35 inpatients suffering from stroke were randomly allocated to control group (n=17) and trial group (n=18). Based on the routine rehabilitation, the trial group accepted robot-assisted task-oriented training, while the control group accepted therapist-assisted task-oriented training, for two weeks. They were measured the active range of motion (AROM) of fingers, assessed with fingers motor of Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) invovled with hands before and after train-ing. Results The inpatients dropped three in the control group, two in the trial group. AROM of extension and flexion of all the fingers, the AROM of extension and total of three fingers of thumb, index and middle, and the total AROM of each finger improved in the trial group af-ter training (t>2.937, P<0.05), while the AROM of extension and flexion of all the fingers, AROM of extension, flexion and total of the fin-gers of thumb, index and middle, total AROM of the fingers of thumb, index and little improved in the control group after training (t>2.528, P<0.05);the AROM of extension and total of the fingers of thumb, index and middle, and the total AROM of fingers of thumb and index im-proved more in the trial group than in the control group (t>2.535, P<0.05). The scores of mass flexion, mass extension, opposition, cylinder grip, spherical grip and total score of FMA improved in the trial group after training (Z>2.000, P<0.05), while the scores of mass extension, opposition and the total score of FMA improved in the control group after training (Z>2.000, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups on the items and total scores after training (P>0.05). The scores of feeding, dressing, toilet transfers, bathing, groom-ing of MBI and the total score of them improved in the trial group after training (Z>2.041, P<0.05), while the total score of MBI improved in the control group after training (Z=-2.527, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the items and total scores after training (P>0.05). Conclusion The rehabilitation robot-assisted task-oriented training can improve AROM of hemiplegic fingers and grip function.

To investigate the effect of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens in aging mice induced by D-galactose and its mechanism. Totally 60 mice were randomly divided into six groups: the control group, the model group, the piracetam group (positive control group) and flavonoids from S. flavescens low, medium and high doses groups. Except for the control group, all of the rest groups were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose (160 mg x kg(-1)) for successively 30 days to establish the sub-acute senescent model. Meanwhile, flavonoids from S. flavescens low, medium and high doses groups were respectively administered with 150, 300 and 600 mg xkg-('1)of flavonoids from S. flavescens for 30 days. The learning and memory abilities of mice were determined by avoiding darkness ex-eriment and jumping stair experiment. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) tumor necrosis factor-aα NF-aα the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) Na'(+)K'(+)-ATPase and Ca2(+ )-ATPase in the brain of mice were deter-ined respectively after the behavioral experiments. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase ( DH) in blood serum was also determined and analyzed by microscope after HE staining to observe the changes in hippocampal organizational structure. Compared with the model group, flavonoids from S. favescens medium and high doses groups showed significantly increases in the latency of avoiding darkness and jumping stair experiments; flavonoids from S. fllvescens low, medium and high doses groups and the piracetam group showed de-reases in the numbers of errors in avoiding darkness experiment; the flavonoids from S. flavescens high dose group and the piracetam group showed reduction- n the number of errors in jumping stair experiment (P <0 . 5 or P <0 . 1). Flavonoids from S. flavescens me-ium and high doses groups and the piracetam group showed improvements in the activities of SOD, Na'(+)K'(+)ATPase in the brain of mice and declines in the contents of MDA and TNF-aα the activity of MAO-B in the brain of mice, the activity of LDH in blood serum (P <0 . 5 or P <0 . 1). Flavonoids from S. flavescens low, medium and high doses groups and the piracetam group also showed im-rovement in the activity of Ca2(+ )ATPase, with statistical difference from the model group (P <0 . 5 or P <0 . 1). The pathological result showed decreases in the number of cells of hippocampal dentate gyrus area, sparse cell arrangement, incomplete cellular mor-hology, scarce cytoplasm, blurred boundary between nucleus and cytoplasm, nuclei anachromasis, irregular pyknosis and unconspicu-us nucleoli in the model group. Compared with the model group, flavonoids from S. flavescens low, medium and high doses groups and the piracetam group showed improvements in hippocampal organization tissues. Flavonoids from S. favescens can improve the learning and memory ability of senescent mice induced by D-galactose. Its mechanism may be correlated with the enhancement of anti-oxidative actions by lowering TNF-aαcontent, which results in the stability of cell membrane and the reduction in MAO-B activity.
Aging ; drug effects ; metabolism ; psychology ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; Galactose ; adverse effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

A reliable method for simultaneous determinition of eleven representative components (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide and secoxyloganin) in combination of chromatographic fingerpint analysis for Reduning injection was developed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The method was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 anlytical column (3. 0 mm x 100 mm, 1. 8 µm) with a guard column of Agilent UPLC Guard ZORBAX SB-C18 (3.0 mm x 5 mm) at the column temperature of 30 °C. The gradient mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0. 1% phosphoric acid (B) with a flow rate of 0. 4 mL . min-1. The injection volumn was 2 µL. The detection wavelengths were set at 324 nm and 238 nm for quantit tive analysis and 225 nm for fingerpint chromatography. Neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide and secoxyloganin were baseline seperated with good linearity relationships (r >0. 999) between concentration and peak areas over the linear ranges. The average recoverys of the investigated compounds were 103.5%, 100. 2%, 103. 3%, 102. 8%, 101. 3%, 102. 8%, 97. 36%, 99. 62%, 98. 16%, 102. 8%, 99. 27%, respectively. Reduning injection of forty-five batches was analyzed by UPLC finge print chromatography. Thirty batches were selected to generate the reference fringerprint chromatography with fourteen common peaks. The similarity values between the reference fringerprint chromatography and the remaining fifteen batches were higher than 0. 99. The developed method was fast, accurate and sensitive. It could be used as a reference for the quality control of multiple components determination and fingerprint chromatography for Reduning injection in future.
Chlorogenic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors