Neuronal?_4?_2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs) are the most widespread subtypes in central nervous system.?_4?_2 nAChRs mainly exist in procerebrum,parietal lobe cortex,temporal lobe cortex,hippocampus,basal ganglion and cerebellum.Researches on gene knock-out mice have demonstrated that?_4?_2 receptors participate in the development,aging,neuron survival,pain,and learning and memory,and are also involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid release and dopaminergic function.Studies have disclosed that?_4?_2 nAChRs relate to the development of variety of neurological diseases,including pain,Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Neuronal α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the most widespread subtypes in central nervous system, α4β2 nAChRs mainly exist in procerebrum, parietal lobe cortex, temporal lobe cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglion and cerebellum. Researches on gene knock-out mice have demonstrated that α4β2 receptors participate in the development, aging, neuron survival, pain, and learning and memory, and are also involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid release and dopaminergic function. Studies have disclosed that α4β2 nAChRs relate to the development of variety of neurological diseases, including pain, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Objective To prepare cetuximab-β-glucosidase conjugates and to identify its enzymatic activity and an?tibody activity. Methods Cetuximab andβ-glucosidase were crosslinked by Sulfosuccinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (Sulfo-SMCC). Cetuximab-β-glucosidase conjugates and its enzymatic and antibody activity were examined by non-reduced SDS-PAGE, colorimetry and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results We can see clear bands ofβ-glucosidase, cetuximab, cetuximab-β-glucosidase conjugates through electropherogram. Although the en?zymatic activity of cetuximab-β-glucosidase conjugates was lower than that ofβ-glucosidase (U/L:672.97±46.19 vs 869.50± 57.28,t=5.972,P<0.05) shown by colorimetry assay, it still maintain good enzymatic activity. Under fluorescence micro?scope, we can see the conjugates interacted with human bladder cancer EJ cells are in a red fluorescence. Conclusion Ce?tuximab,β-glucosidase were crosslinked successfully by Sulfo-SMCC without altered its enzymatic and antibody activity.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of moxibustion on gastralgia of deficiency cold type. Methods: Sixty patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The 30 patients in the treatment group were treated with Zhao's thunder-fire moxibustion while the other 30 patients in the control group were treated with oral medicine. Results: After one course of treatment, the total effective rate of treatment group was notably higher than that of the control group, showing statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: The total effective rate of thunder-fire moxibustion on gastralgia of deficiency cold type was better than that of the traditional Chinese medicine in relieving epigastralgia.

85 cm) before 65 years old and descended after 65 (P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Gingerol on endotoxemia mouse induced by heatstroke.

METHODSForty mice were randomly divided into five groups, the endotoxemia model group (A), the normal temperature group (B), the Gingerol treated group (C), the solvent control group (D), and the saline control group (E), 8 mice in each group. Group B to E was administered with saline, Gingerol, solvent and saline respectively. Mice in group B were placed at room temperature 25 +/- 0.5 degrees C , relative humidity 43 +/- 5 % for 2 hrs, while mice in the other groups were exposed under 35 +/- 0.5 degrees C and relative humidity 65 +/- 5 % for 2 hrs in an artificial hot-climate mimic cabin to establish heatstroke endotoxemia model. The energy metabolic level of celiomacrophage was detected with MTT; the phagocytic ability was examined with neutral red chromometry; the hepatocyte ultrastructure was observed with transmission electron microscopy, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma was tested.

RESULTSAs compared with Group A, D and E, in Group C, energy metabolic levels of macrophage, phagocytic ability, and activity of SOD were significantly higher (P < 0.01), and the level of MDA was significantly lower respectively (P < 0.01), with the levels of SOD and MDA approaching to those in Group B (P >0.05). The pathologic changes of hepatocyte ultrastructure in group C were less than those in the other three endotoxemia groups.

CONCLUSIONGingerol could raise the energy metabolic level of celio-macrophage to enhance its phagocytic ability, increase the activity of SOD and reduce the production of MDA in mouse with heatstroke endotoxemia, so as to alleviate the liver damage.

Animals ; Catechols ; Endotoxemia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Fatty Alcohols ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Heat Stroke ; complications ; Macrophages ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Phagocytosis ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation

This study examined the differentiation character and pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under different conditions. Adult MSCs were initially isolated from the bone marrow of rats, cultured in vitro and identified by flow cytometry. After MSCs were transferred to osteogenic and adipogenic medium respectively, the morphological characterization of induced cells was observed. The expression of marker genes was detected by RT-PCR analysis. Then MSCs were transfected with lentiviral vectors pGC-FU-Sox9-EGFP. Enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression and transfection efficiency were determined by fluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrated that EGFP caused no effect on the multilineage potential of adult MSCs. Sox9 gene expression of high level was maintained stable in the transfected MSCs and induced MSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes. Aggracan was positive in chondrogenic lineages and the expression of aggracan and type collagen II was significantly increased during MSCs chondrogenic differentiation. It was concluded that Sox9 gene-modified adult MSCs may be promising candidate cells for further studies on tissue engineering. EGFP facilitates the research on MSCs physiological behavior and application in tissue engineering during differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.

Objective To observe the influence of the sperm abnormalities on conventional invitro fertilization therapy outcome. Methods Sperm of 105 infertile husband's semen was analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the sperm morphology observed Using Kruger 's criteria: normal sperm morphology group (sperm normal morphology ≥ 15 % ), mild sperm abnormalities group( sperm normal morphology 10%- 15%), middle sperm abnormalities group (sperm normal morphology 5 % - 10 % ). Fertilization rate, cleavage rate, good quality embryo rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and abortion rates were compared to study the influence of the sperm abnormalities on conventional IVF outcome. Results ①Fertilization rate(79.4 % vs 78.3 % ), cleavage rate(104. 6% vs98. 6%), good quality embryo rate(58. 1% vs 53. 9%), implantation rate (31.7% vs 30. 8%), clinical pregnancy rate(48.1% vs 42. 3%)and abortion rates(13.0% vs 18. 2%)were not significantly different between normal sperm morphology group and mild sperm abnormalities group(P>0. 05). ②The fertilization rate (79.4% vs 63.9%), good quality embryo rate(58. 14% vs 48.23%), implantation rate (31.7% vs 16. 7%) and clinical pregnancy rate(48.1%vs24.0%) of the normal sperm morphology group were higher than middle sperm abnormalities group(P<0.05). The abortion rates(13.04% vs 28. 57%) and cleavage rates(104.6% vs 102.9%) were not significantly different(P>0. 05). ③The fertilization rate (78.3% vs 63.9%), good quality embryo rate (53. 9%vs 48. 2%) of the mild sperm morphology group were higher than middle sperm abnormalities group(P <0.05). Implantation rate (30.8% vs 16. 7%) , clinical pregnancy rate(42.3% vs 24.0%) , abortion rates(13. 0% vs 28. 6%) and cleavage rates(104.6% vs 102.9%) were not significantly different (P>0. 05). Conclusions There is a significant influence of middle sperm abnormalities on IVF fertilization rate, good quality embryo rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate. However, it could not be influenced on mild sperm abnormalities.

To establish a method based on a pseudotyped virus assay for screening drugs for anti-H5N1 avian influenza virus, and then to evaluate anti-virus activity of traditional Chinese herbal compounds with the function of purgation, detoxification, cooling the blood and reinforcing the healthy qi based on seropharmacology.

Objective To investigate the role of p53 in the regulation of heat shock protein(Hsp)84 and 86,and the correlation of their functional imbalances with accelerated brain aging and with suppressed tumorigenesis in SAMP8 mice(senescence accelerated mouse prone 8).Methods The mRNA and protein expressions of Hsp84 and Hsp86,and protein expressions of p53 pathway-related proteins(p21 and MDM2)in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice and their control SAMR1(senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1)mice were determined.Murine Neuro-2a cells were treated with 20 μmol/L Aβ25-35,and then mRNA expressions of p53,Hsp84 and Hsp86 in these cells were detected.Neuro-2a cells were co-transfected with p53 siRNA and pHsp84-Luc or pHsp86-Luc plasmid and treated with 20 μmol/L Aβ25-35,then promoter activity of Hsp84 and Hsp86 were detected in these cells.After co-transfection with pcDNA3.1-p53 or pcDNA3.1-p53DD and pHsp84-Luc or pHsp86-Luc plasmids,the neuro-2a cells were treated with 20 μmol/L Aβ25-35.Then promoter activity of Hsp84 and Hsp86 were detected in these cells at different concentrations of p53.Results The mRNA levels of Hsp84 and Hsp86 in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice were significantly declined,which were 13.51% and 16.13% of SAMR1 mice,respectively(all P<0.01).Compared with the SAMR1 mice,the protein expressions of Hsp84 and Hsp86 in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice were obviously declined(all P<0.01).Whereas,p53 pathway-related protein p21 expression was increased and MDM2 expression was decreased(all P<0.01).The mRNA expression of p53 in AD cells was significantly increased by 58%(P<0.01),whereas Hsp84 and Hsp86 mRNA levels were significantly decreased by 32% and 41%,respectively as compared with the normal cells(all P<0.05).Inhibition of p53 in AD cells could increase promoter activity of Hsp84 and Hsp86 significantly in a concentration-dependent manner(both P<0.05),whereas overexpression of p53 in the cells could lead to decreased promoter activity of them in a concentration-dependent manner(both P<0.05).Conclusions The p53 can negatively regulate the expressions of Hsp84 and Hsp86.The activity of p53/p21 pathway is increased,while Hsp84 and Hsp86 are inhibited in the brain of SAMP8 mice.Functional imbalance between p53 and Hsp84/86 might be the part of reasons causing accelerated aging and suppressed tumorigenesis in SAMP8 mice.