ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of chitosan/PVA nerve conduits which used for repairing sciatics nerve defect in rats.MethodsTwenty-seven rats were divided into 3 groups randomly,with 9 rats in each group. Firstly, the 15mm defects in the left sciatic nerves were made in the rats and were respectively repaired with chitosan/PVA conduits graft (group A), the silicon conduits graft (group B),and autografts (group C). At 12 weeks after the operations, the left sciatic nerves were taken out, and the comparative evaluation was made on the repairing effects by wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, histological examination,computerized imaging analysis and True Blue retrograde tracing. ResultsThe wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles showed no significant difference between the chitosan/PVA graft and autograft groups (P ＞ 0.05). The wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in significant difference between the chitosan/PVA graft and the silicon group at 12 weeks after the operation(P ＜ 0.05). The nerve fiber density showed no statistically significant differences between the chitosan/PVA and autograft groups(P＞ 0.05).The regenerative nerve fiber in group B had normal morphological and structural characters under transmission electron microscope.True Blue-labeled neuron cell bodies were found within both anterior horn of gray matter in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) ipsilateral to the operated side of the tested rats on illumination with ultra-violet light 1 week after the injection of True Blue.Conclusion Chitosan/PVA nerve conduit can effectively promote the nerve regeneration and myelinization of rat sciatic nerve, which is expected to substitute for autograft to repair nerve defects succesfully.

ABSTRACT:Nested‐PCR and loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were applied to identify the Borrelia burg‐dor f eri (B .burgdor f eri) in ticks in this study .A total of 112 adult ixodes were collected from vegetation in a forest area and farm animals in Xunhua County ,Qinghai Province and Xinbin County ,Liaoning Province .The ticks were examined for the presence of B .burgdorferi by nested‐PCR and LAMP .Results showed that 12 in 51 samples were found positive in Xunhua County (23 .53% ) .While positive rate in Xinbin County was 29 .51% with 18 samples positive in 61 samples .In total of 112 tick samples ,the PCR‐positive rate was 17 .86% with 20 positive samples identified ,whereas 15 positive samples were con‐firmed with positive rate of 13 .39 % by LAMP assay .There was no significant difference between the two assays (Х2 =0 .85 , P>0 .05) .Results suggest that both nested‐PCR and LAMP could be used in identifying B .burgdorferi in ticks .Combina‐tion of these two assays could improve the testing results .This is the first report of B .burgdorferi in ticks in Xunhua and Xinbin counties ,and helps to complete the database of the infection rate of B .burgdor f eri in ticks in the widely‐forested area of China .

Objective To investigate the relation between the expression of toll receptor-4 (TLR-4) and the increase of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the rats with acute pancreatitis.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:control group;acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) 2 h,6 h groups;acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h groups with 8 rats in each group.The BBB permeability,pathological score of pancreas,TLR-4 expression were determined and the relationships between them were analyzed.Results The BBB permeability in control group;acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) 2 h,6 h groups;ANP 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h groups were 1.55±0.29,1.64±0.17,1.69±0.24,1.89±0.12,2.66±0.32,2.91±0.29,2.89±0.69 and 1.84±0.07,respectively;the pathological scores of pancreas were 0,2.38±0.92,3.13±0.64,8.50±1.07,9.75±0.71,10.25±1.28,11.13±1.25 and 10.13±1.13,respectively;there was no significant difference between AEP groups and control group,while there was significant difference between AEP groups and ANP groups (P＜0.05 orP ＜0.01).BBB permeability was correlated with pancreatic injury ( r = 0.626,P ＜0.01).There was no TLR-4 mRNA and protein expression in the control and AEP group,while they were significantly expressed in ANP groups,and the expression were positively related with BBB permeability ( r =0.208,P = 0.027 ).Conclusions BBB permeability was present in the course of ANP.Activation of TLR-4 signal pathway may be involved in the BBB permeability increase caused by ANP.

In this study,we discussed the way of imparting the microbial knowledge and elevating non-biological student's science in public optional course "Microbes and Man" from the teaching practice.During the course,we first chose the material according to students' characteristic,and then introduced several methods like lecturing on subject,visiting factories and making microbial experiments in order to inter-est students in microbiology and get better in teaching effects.

China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Pathology ; Periodicals as Topic ; history

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Hypoproteinemia ; etiology ; Protein-Losing Enteropathies ; etiology ; Radionuclide Imaging

Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure of Chinese culture, absorbing the wisdom of the Chinese people. Continuous application of new technologies makes traditional Chinese medicine research advance with the times. After several years of development, high-throughput transcriptome study has become a mature research tool in biology. This paper reviewed the advances in medicine transcriptome study, and compared two sequencing platforms, Roche's GS FLX platform and Illumina's HiSeq 2000 platform. Moreover, this paper introduced medicine transcriptome analysis process, with Panax quinquefolius and Lonicera japonica for examples, showing the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine transcriptome studies. High-throughput transcriptome studies facilitate traditional Chinese medicine research with overall understand of functional genes, give clear elucidation of metabolic pathways, lay molecular foundation for the traditional Chinese medicine research and offer modern interpretation for traditional Chinese medicine theory. However, the current study faces several difficulties, including weak molecular basis, high sequencing cost and staff shortages in data anaysis. In the future, with the development in sequencing technology, the combination of transcriptome and other genomics, such as proteome and metabolome, will lay a solid foundation for the new high-throughput screening and developing model for the traditional Chinese medicine industry.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; trends ; Forecasting ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Humans ; Lonicera ; genetics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Panax ; genetics ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Transcriptome ; genetics

Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression vector in BL21 to secretorily expressα-Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase(α-CGTase). Methods α-CGT gene was amplified from Bacillus macerens genome by PCR.pET26b and α-CGT gene were connected after digested with Nco I, Xho I respectivly, and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 strain.α-CGTase was expressed in fermentation culture medium and AA-2G was prepared by using α-CGTase, VC and starch.Results α-CGTase was expressed secretorily and the enzyme activity was up to 120 U/mL.AA-2G was prepared by the biotransformation of VC and starch using α-CGTase which proved to be correct by HPLC.Conclusion AA-2G was prepared by using self-madeα-CGTase, after optimized the preparation conditions the yield of AA-2G was 17.46 g/L, and the conversion rate reached 58.2%(mg/mg).

Objective To explore the effect of transplantation of neural stem cells(NSCs)pretreated with brain-derived neurotrophic fac-tor(BDNF)on acute ischemic stroke in mice.Methods NSCs from a newborn(one day)C57BL/6 mouse were isolated and cultured in vi-tro.A total of 150 healthy C57BL/6 mice,ten-week-old,were randomly divided into five groups,that group A accepted sham operation,and groups B,C,D and E were subjected to focal ischemia by photothrombosis.Group D was transplanted NSCs 24 hours after ischemia,while group E transplanted NSCs pretreated with BDNF and group C accepted same volume of medium.All the groups were tested with rotarod test and grip strength one day before transplantation and three,seven,14,21 and 28 days after transplantation.The differentiation of NSCs in groups D and E were observed immunofluorescence staining of microtubule-associated protein-2(MAP-2)and glial fibrillary acidic pro-tein(GFAP).Results The time on rotarod arranged from more to less was groups E,D and B(P<0.05)three,seven,14,21 and 28 days after transplantation,as well as grip strength 14,21 and 28 days after transplantation(P<0.05).The Edu/GFAP positive cells and Edu/MAP-2 pos-itive cells were found in both groups D and E.Conclusion Transplanting NSCs can promote the behavioral recovery after ischemic stroke, and it is more effective as pretreated with BDNF.

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analyses the results of dynamic axial external fixator with modified technique in the treatment of severely Pilon fractures.

METHODSFrom July 2000 to February 2003, 14 patients with severely Pilon fractures were treated with dynamic axial external fixator inserted with modified technique combined with limited open reduction and internal fixation with screws and Kirschner wires, with two distal external pins inserted into talus and calcaneus respectively so that the rotation axis of distal clamp was coincided with that of ankle joint. All patients were young or middle-aged people from 20 y to 52 y (average 38 y). All fractures were Rüedi-Allg were type II or type III. External fixators were removed after bone healing. Duration of follow-up was 5 - 36 m (average 18 m).

RESULTSThe time of bone healing was 12 - 24 weeks (average 14 weeks). At the latest follow-up, results include 5 excellent, 6 good and 3 fair according to ankle scoring system (ASS). There was only one case of superficial pin site infection settled with oral antibiotics and pin site care with mild disinfectants. There was no wound breakdown, superficial and deep infection, osteomyelitis, fracture fragments redisplacement and collapse.

CONCLUSIONDynamic axial external fixator with modified technique combined with limited internal fixation is an effective method for the treatment of severely Pilon fractures.

Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; External Fixators ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery