By means of the indirect-enzyme conjugation method, we studied the enke-phalin immunoreactivity in the brain of the guinea pigs.A number of brown granules were found to be distributed in the cell body and nerve fibers as well as in the nerve terminals .They are the product of immunoreactions between the leu-enk and the anti-leu-enk-serum or between the met-enk and the anti-met-enk-serum respectively .Some necessary conditions required for the success of the re-action were discussed

Objective To evaluate β1、β2 and β3-adrenoreceptor mRNA expression in the sepsis rat model and to investigate the influence of the levels of β1、β2(especially β3AR)on heart dysfunction of sepsis rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group and sepsis group,either group was then divided into four subgroups:6 h,18 h,24 h,36 h,RT-PCR was used to determined β1、β2 and β3-adrenoreceptor mRNA expression.Results The ratio of β1-AR/β-actin mRNA was lower in sepsis groups as compared with control.Among the two groups,the control group had the highest ratio(1.07±0.13)and sepsis 36h group had the lowest(0.59±0.13)with significant difference(P＜0.05).The ratio of β2-AR/β-actin mRNA was lower in sepsis group as mmpared with coatrol,but there was no statistical significance.The ratio of β3-AR/β-actin mRNA was higher in sepsis group as compared with control.Sepsis 36 h group was the highest with an increase of 73%as compared with control(P＜0.05).Conclusion These data suggest that the reduction of β1-AR mRNA and the increase of β3-AR mRNA might contribute to sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction.

Objective To verify the performance of the ADVIA Centaur XP automatic chemiluminescence analyzer produced by the Siemens company in quantitative detection of serum insulin (IRI) and C‐peptide(CpS) .Methods The blood samples from 40 in‐dividuals undergoing the physical examination were detected for calculating the imprecision and bias of IRI and CpS .The linear range of IRI was verified .The reference range of IRI and CpS was verified .Results The intra‐batch variable of coefficient of IRI and CpS was less than 6 .25% ,the inter‐batch imprecision were less than 8 .33% ;the bias of IRI and CpS detection was less than 12 .5% ;the linear range of IRI was 0 .50 - 307 .76 mIU /L ;the detection results of 40 serum samples showed that all IRS were with‐in the reference range provided by manufacturer ,the results in 2 cases of CpS was out of the reference range provided by manufac‐turer ,indicating that it conformed to the relevant requirements .Conclusion The main performance of the ADVIA Centaur XP auto ‐matic chemiluminescence analyzer for detecting IRS and CpS meets the requirements ,which could be used for clinical detection .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in the therapy for patient with pulmonary aspergillosis complicated with rhabdomyolysis(RM). METHODS:Clinical pharmacists participated in the therapy for RM patients with pulmo-nary aspergillosis,and assisted physicians to optimize and improve therapy plan from RM therapy,anti-infection and liver protec-tion:stop taking Bicyclol tablet,continue Micafungin for injection 50 mg,ivgtt,qd for anti-infection;suspend liver-protective drug Compound glycyrrhizin;closely monitor therapeutic efficacy and ADR. RESULTS:Physicians adopted the suggestions of clini-cal pharmacists,and the situation of RM were improved. The patient were discharged from hospital 24 d later. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists participate in therapy for RM patient with pulmonary aspergillosis and assist physicians to improve therapy plan,which contribute to rational drug use and the safety of drug use.

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Objective:To explore the importance and the breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care for patients with renal disease,especially using drugs with narrow therapeutic window and notable individual difference.Methods:Digoxin concentration and international normalized ratio (INR) were detected by clinical pharmacists,and then individualized pharmaceutical care was given to the patient according to the monitoring results.Results:Physician increased the monitoring frequency and adjusted the drug usage according to the patient's renal function.The patient's condition was improved and understood the necessity of related index monitoring.Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can assist physicians in optimizing the treatment,and ensure safe,reasonable and effective medication by providing pharmaceutical care in various aspects.

Objective To study the effects of cyclooxygenase( COX)?2 selective inhibitors on post?endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) pancreatitis ( PEP ) and hyperamylasemia for common bile duct stones. Methods A total of 128 patients with normal serum amylase underwent ERCP from June 2014 to February 2015 in our hospital and were given corresponding drugs to prevent PEP.The pa?tients were divided randomly into four groups:combination group( n=33) , celecoxib group( n=34) , nitro?glycerin group(n=32) and control group(n=29). The serum amylase(AMS), C?reactive protein(CRP) and direct bilirubin( Dbil) after ERCP were measured. Abdominal pain was observed, and the incidence of PEP and post?ERCP hyperamylasemia were recorded. Results The incidence of PEP in combination group, celecoxib group were lower than those in nitroglycerin group and the control group ( 3?03%, 2?94% VS 15?63%, 17?24%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0?078).The incidence of post?ERCP hyperamylasemia in combination group and celecoxib group were lower than that in the control group ( 3?03%,5?88% VS 31?03%) with statistically significant difference( P=0?003, P=0?010) . There was no significant difference between nitroglycerin group ( 25%) and control group. The abdominal pain grades of combination group and celecoxib group were lower than those in nitroglycerin group and control group with significant difference(P<0?05). Celecoxib may reduce CRP after ERCP(P=0?001) and nitroglycerin may reduce Dbil after ERCP(P=0?016). Conclusion Celecoxib may reduce the incidence of hyperamylasemia and can help to reduce the abdominal pain and inflammatory reactions after ERCP . Nitroglycerin can help to reduce the Dbil after ERCP .

ObjectiveTo sum up the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of concealed penis,analyze the indications and advantages of different operative methods for concealed penis.Methods62 children with concealed penis were treated by different surgical operations according to the different types,and the effect of surgical treatment was arelyzed.ResultsOpertaions were successed in all 62 cases,children were discharged after 5 ～ 10 operation days.After follow-up for 3 months to 2 years,62 children had received good recovered with an effective exposure of penis and no severe edema and other complications.ConclusionChildren with concealed penis should be given personalized scheme,choose the best method to extend the length of the penis and improve the penis appearance.

Objective:To investigate the difference of amplitude and duration in submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles activities during pharyngeal swallowing between normal adults and post-stroke dysphagia by using surface electromyography technique and analysis system.Method:The clinical data from 30 cases of PSD and 30 healthy controls were collected.ME6000-T8-type sEMG machine was used to collect sEMG of two groups in resting state,saliva swallow and wet swallow,and therefore calculate the average amplitude and duration.Result:①In resting state:there were no statistical difference in the average amplitude of submental and infrahyoid muscles between PSD group and control group(P＞0.05);In PSD group:statistical differences were not observed in the amplitude between submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles;In control group:there were no statistical difference in the average amplitude between submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles;②During dry swallowing:the results indicated that the average amplitude of submental and infrahyoid muscles in PSD group were significantly lower than that in control group;and the duration of submental and infrahyoid muscles was significantly lower with statistical difference(P＜0.05).③During wet swallowing(swallowing5ml water):the average amplitude of submental and infrahyoid muscles in control group were significantly higher than that in PSD group(P＜0.005);and the duration of submental and infrahyoid muscles were also significantly prolonger (P＜0.001);④Intra-group comparison:statistically differences were not observed in the amplitude and duration between submental muscles and infrahyoid muscles for both PSD group and control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:sEMG could be used as a non-invasive、simple、rapid tool in detecting the sEMG activities of related muscles during pharyngeal swallowing.The average amplitude and duration of submental and infrahyoid muscles can not only preliminarily screen and evaluate swallowing function,but also reflect the complexity and the elevation persistence time of the hyoid bone and the larynx in elevation movement,which were used to evaluate the neuromuscular function and predict the risk of aspiration of patients.