Objective To investigate the expression of H1 protein in the prefrontal cortex of comatose rats which have suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI) after electrical stimulation of the median nerve (MNS).Methods Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 250 to 300 g) were randomly divided into a stimulated group (MNS+ TBI),an antagonist group (MNS+TBI+OXR1 antagonist),a model group (TBI) and a control group,with 18 rats in each group.Traumatic brain injury was modeled in all of the rats except those of the control group.After the modeling,the stimulated group was given MNS,the antagonist group was provided with MNS and an OXR1 injection,and the model group was given MNS with a current intensity of 0.One hour after the experiment,the consciousness of each rat was evaluated using a double-blind method.Animals were sacrificed at 6,12 and 24 hours after the intervention and brain tissue was removed.H1 protein expression was examined using immunohistochemistry.Results One hour after the experiment,significant differences were observed in the consciousness of the 4 groups,with the 18 rats of the control group on consciousness level one.Thirteen rats in the stimulated group exhibited a righting reflex,compared with 9 in the antagonist group and 5 in the model group.Immunohistochemistry showed that H1 expression was strongest in the stimulated group,followed by the antagonist,control and model groups.The H1 expression was highest at 24 hours after the experiment,followed by that at 6 h and 12 h,but those differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion Median nerve electrical stimulation might modulate wakefulness after traumatic brain injury by promoting H1 expression via orexin-A in the prefrontal contex.

This article introduced the biological characteristics of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and reviewed the relationship be-tween NMDA receptor and neurological disease, including cerebral trauma, cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, depression and Al-zheimer disease.

Objective:To investigate the expression of 5-HT 2A receptor in the prefrontal cortex of traumatic brain injuryinduced coma rats after median nerve electrical stimulation.Method:A total of 72 SD rats (weighing 250-300g) were randomly divided into 4 groups:a stimulationgroup,an antagonist group,a sham-stimulation group and a control group.This traumatic brain injury model was established by a weight-drop head injury,and we evaluated the change of behavior through the six classical levels of consciousness.The animals were sacrificed and their brain tissues were removed at 6,12,and 24 hours after injury.5-HT 2A protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry.Result:Thirteen rats exhibited righting reflex in the stimulation group.In the antagonist group,9 rats exhibited righting reflex.5 rats in the sham-stimulation group had the same response.The mean rank of consciousness degree were degree 9.50 in the control group,degree 52.75 in the sham-stimulation group,degree 37.61 in the stimulation group,degree 46.14 in the antagonist group.Comparison among groups presented an increasing consciousness degree:control group＜stimulation group＜antagonist group＜sham-stimulation group(P＜0.01).Resuits from immunohistochemistry showed that significant differences in the 5-HT 2A expression among the four groups (sham-stimulation＜control＜antagonist＜stimulation))(P＜0.05),and a within-group comparison showed that the 5-HT 2A expression level was as follows:6 hours＜24 hours ＜12 hours(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Median nerve electrical stimulation might modulate wakefulness by promoting the 5-HT 2A expression via orexin-A in the prefrontal cortex of rats with traumatic brain injury-induced coma.

Objective To observe the incidence and transformation of pyuria and bacteriuria in different time point after TURP and supply the evidence for antibiotic application.Methods From March,2011 to May,2012,84 patients with BPH admitted in our hospital.Their ages ranged from 61 to 87 years old,mean (71.9±7.6) years.The volume of prostate in those patients ranged from 27.8 to 118 ml,mean (70.8±24.1) ml.The procedure of TURP was undergone in all of them.In one week after the operation,two urine specimens from each patient,one for urine routine examination and one for urine culture,were collected 24 h after the catheter have been withdrawn.The catheter was also cultured.During the following-up,urine routine examination and urine culture were regularly performed in 1,2,3 months after surgery.If the patient had both pyuria and bacteriuria,he should be excluded the study.Results The pyuria rate on one week,one month,two months and three months were 54.8％ (46/84),100.0％ (82/82),65.8％ (48/ 73),34.2％ (25/73),respectively.There is a significance difference among those groups (P＜0.05).It seemed that the pyuria would appear in all patients.However,the incidence would gradually decrease.It seemed that the pyuria has the tendency of self-recovery.A significant difference of prostatic resection volume after 3 months could be observed in the pyuria group (31.4±15.2 ml) and non-pyuria group (24.8±11.6 ml) (P＜0.05).The bacteriuria rate on one week,1,2,3 months were 7.1％ (6/84),11.0％ (9/82),6.8％ (5/73)and 0,respectively.There is no significance difference among the groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Pyuria will appear after TURP and the incidence reduced gradually following the time.The pyuria alone without the bacteriuria may be explained by inflammation,that antibiotics were unnecessary.The bacteriuria alone without the pyuria may be considered as asymptomatic bacteriuria or bacterial colonization,antibiotics were unnecessary,either.

Objective To investigate the wake-promoting action of median nerve electrical stimulation(MNES) in coma rats induced by traumatic brain injury(TBI) and its influence on the expression of α1-adrenergic receptor(α1 R) in the prefrontal contex (PFC).Methods Seventy-two healthy Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group,sham-stimulated group(TBI),stimulated group (TBI+ MNES) and antagonist group(TBI+ OX1R antagonist +MNES).The control group had no any treatment.The TBI coma rat models were prepared in the other 3 groups.The sham stimulated group had no treatment.The antagonist group was injected with orexin receptor-l(OX1R) antagonist SB334867 into lateral ventricle,and both the antagonist group and stimulated group received MNES treatment.Then the behavior changes of rats in each group were observed and the α1 R expression level in PFC was detected by using the immunohistochemistry technique.Results Thirteen rats in the stimulated group and 8 rats in the antagonist group revived,while only 4 rats in the TBI group.The α1R levels from low to high were the blank control group,sham-stimulated group,antagonist group and stimulated group,showing the increasing trend,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion MNES can improve the rat consciousness level after TBI coma,and its mechanism may be related with up-regulating the α1 R expression level in PFC area,moreover Orexin-A participates in this regulation process.

BACKGROUND:An appropriate biomaterial can be directly combined with autologous or al ogeneic skin cel s to construct tissue-engineered skin, which can accelerate skin repair after transplantation onto the skin wounds. It is a good idea to solve the deficiency in skin sources. OBJECTIVE:To study the biological characteristics of the complex with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and to investigate the application of this complex in skin defect repair. METHODS:Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats, SPF grade, were randomized into two groups (n=14 per group). By adjustment of temperature, time, pressure and area of NC perm instrument, scald models were made in rats. Rats in the treatment group were given the repair using composite bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, while those in the control group were given vaseline gauze repair. Repair effects were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) After 72 hours of culture, the composite bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s smal with round shape distributed dispersedly. After 5 days of culture, the cel s began to stretch and the cel morphology became unstable. After three passages, the cel morphology became stable. The results of antigen identification showed the expression of CD44 and CD29 but the low expression of CD45 and CD34 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. (2) Twenty-eight days after repair, there was no obvious scar on the wound surface of the treatment group, but a little shrinkage and obvious scar stil existed in the control group. Moreover, in the control group, the epidermal layer of the skin was relatively thick, and the connection between the basal layer and the dermis was unsatisfactory. In the treatment group, obvious epidermal cel stratification, neat arrangement, and tight connection between the epidermis and dermis were observed. In summary, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s are a special class of cel s that have pluripotent ability and are more readily available. These cel s are the preferred target cel s for skin defect repair to promote early healing of the skin and improve blood circulation defect site, which are confirmed to have high clinical value.

By using replica cast SEM method, the vascular architecture of the dental pulp of rat incisors was studied. The characteristics of the vascular architecture are as follows:1. The axis of the dental pulp is occupied by the central vascular bundle, which consists of 10 to 20 arterioles and 8 to 12 venules.2. The arterioles (30-50?m in diameter) and the venules (50-80?m in diameter) located in the central bundles are arranged parallely in a relatively long distance as a countercurrent system. The longest distance is about 12 mm.3. Each arteriole of the central vascular bundle supplies an independent area of the dentin of the tooth. The territory of an arteriole is about 700 to 1400 ?m in length.4. The arteriole of the central bundle breaks up into capillaries (4～6?m in diameter) which are mainly distributed over the odontblast area and form a complex 3-dimensional plexus.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, acel ular human cadaveric dermis has been applied for repairing dermal defects and fil ing soft tissues, but this repair material is expensive and difficult to obtain. OBJECTIVE: To explore the repair effect of tissue-engineered acel ular dermis on wound healing of skin ulcer. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into autologous reticular dermis and acel ular dermis groups. The tissue-engineered acel ular dermis was prepared by hypotonic solution, 2.5 g/L trypsin, 0.5% Triton X-100 and PBS solution, and in the meanwhile, a rat model of skin ulcer was established. Then, autologous skin graft and tissue-engineered acel ular dermis were transplanted into the autologous reticular dermis group and acel ular dermal group, respectively. Subsequently, comparative study about the repair effect and relative mechanism between two groups was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tissue-engineered acel ular dermis showed a white and grainy shape at room temperature. And hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that: the internal structure of tissue-engineered acel ular dermis exhibited a dendritic distribution, and the gap between col agen fiber bundles was relatively large. At 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks after dermal transplantation, the survival rate of skin graft in the acel ular dermis group was significantly higher than that in the autologous reticular dermis group (P < 0.05). And the wound contraction rate in the acel ular dermis group was significantly higher than that of the autologous reticular dermis group at 3, 4 and 8 weeks after dermal transplantation (P < 0.05). In addition, the average diameter and clearance rate of col agen fibers in the normal skin around wound in the acel ular dermis group were significantly higher than those of autologous reticular dermis group (P < 0.05). To conclude, it is relatively simple to prepare tissue-engineered acel ular dermis under mild conditions, and the prepared tissue-engineered acel ular dermis presents a regular shape. Moreover, this acel ular dermis achieves desired outcomes in repairing dermal defects, which can promote wound healing by reducing the intradermal DNA residual and significantly improving some biomechanical properties in vivo.

Objective:To explore the relationship among lottery buying behaviors,risk attitudes and lottery re-lated cognitive distortions,in order to propose suggestions about the intervention of problem lottery players and the healthy development of the lottery.Methods:Totally 228 lottery players (120 males,108 females;150 unmarried,78 married)sampled from Jinan were asked to fill out the Questionnaire of Lottery Buying Behavior (LBB),Domain Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT)and Lottery Related Cognitive Distortions Scale (LRCD).Correlation a-nalysis and path analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:The scores of irrational behavior of LBB were posi-tively correlated with the DOSPERT total scores and its factor scores of recreation and gambling,and positively cor-related with the LRCD total scores and its factor scores except optimistic (r=0.17 -0.34,Ps<0.01 ).While the scores of rational behavior of LBB were negatively correlated with DOSPERT total scores and factor scores of rec-reation and gambling,and negatively correlated with LRCD total scores and its factor scores of illusion of control, illusory correlation,over optimistic and gamblers'fallacy (r=-0.18 --0.37,Ps<0.01 ).Path analysis showed that lottery related cognitive distortions had complete mediating effect between risk attitudes and irrational behaviorsof buying lotteries.Lottery related cognitive distortions partially mediate the relationship between risk attitudes and rational behaviors of buying lotteries.Conclusion:It suggests that the higher risk attitudes the lottery players hold, the greater cognitive distortions they will have,which in turn the irrational behaviors of buying lotteries might easily to have.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of limbal relaxing incision ( LRl) for correcting corneal astigmatism during implantable collamer lens ( lCL) surgery.METHODS:A total of 185 eyes of 105 patients with high myopia and corneal keratometric astigmatism were included in the study. lCL surgery with concomitant relaxing incision was performed in 105 eyes of 60 patients in LRls group ( Group A) . Eighty eyes of 45 patients only underwent lCL surgery were in control group ( Group B) . All patients undergone ophthalmic examination that included uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) , best -corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , Pentacam analysis system to observe the changes of corneal astigmatism before and 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery.RESULTS: Respectively comparing UCVA between two groups in 1 and 3mo postoperatively, the P values were considered statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ). But, respectively comparing BCVA between two groups in 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively, the P values were considered no statistically significant ( P > 0. 05 ). Preoperative corneal astigmatism was 1. 52 ± 0. 55D in group A and 1. 48 ± 0. 57D in group B, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0. 05). One week postoperatively, the astigmatism was 0. 55 ± 0. 41D in group A and 1. 20 ± 0. 48D in group B. One month postoperatively, the astigmatism was 0. 60 ± 0. 38D in group A and 0. 93 ± 0. 47D. Three months postoperatively, the astigmatism was 0. 51 ± 0. 32D in group A and 0. 96 ± 0. 40D in group B. The difference between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0. 05 ). The difference value of corned astigmatism before surgery and 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery had statistical significance ( P<0. 05). ln LRls group, at preoperative and postoperative time points, the average corneal astigmatism changes were also considered statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: LRls performed during lCL surgery appeared to be an effective and safer procedure to reduce pre-existing corneal astigmatism and improve UCVA as well as the visual quality.