Objective To explore the application value of detection of Mycoplasma,Chlamydia and anti-sperm antibodies for male infertility.Methods Culture method,immune chromatography,and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were adopted for the detection of Mycoplasma,Chlamydia,and anti-sperm antibodies respectively in 102 cases of infertile males and 42 cases fertile males.And the routine semen analysis was proceed as well.All the subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the detection re-sults:simple Mycoplasma or/and Chlamydia positive group(71 cases),simple anti-sperm antibodies positive group(21 cases),My-coplasma and Chlamydia or/and anti-sperm antibodies positive group(8 cases),Mycoplasma,Chlamydia and anti-sperm antibodies negative group(44 cases).The main indexes of semen routine were compared among 4 groups.Results The positive rates of Myco-plasma,Chlamydia and anti-sperm antibodies in infertile males were significantly higher than those of fertile males (P <0.05).The sperm densities,activity rates,activity of simple Mycoplasma or/and Chlamydia positive group,simple anti-sperm antibodies posi-tive group,and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia or /and anti-sperm antibodies positive group were significantly lower than the nega-tive group,while the sperm malformation rates,liquefaction times,white blood cell counts of the three groups were significantly higher than the negative group(P <0.05 ).Conclusion Mycoplasma,Chlamydia infection and anti-sperm antibodies production have significant effect on the indexes of semen,which cause decline in semen quality and the occurrence of male infertility.

Objective To review the clinical characteristics of urethral prolapse in female children and summarize our experience of treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 102 patients with urethral prolapse from January 2007 to December 2017 was conducted at The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine.The age of the patients ranged from 8-156 months with an median of 80 months.The presenting symptoms in the 102 girls were:bleeding in 57 patients (55.9％),mass in 31 patients (30.4％),and dysuria/urinary frequency,urgent and pain in 14 patients (13.4％).In all,58 patients were managed conservatively with Sitz baths as their masses were small,39 underwent prolapse reduction under topical anesthesia and Sitz baths because their mass were large,and 5 patients were treated by excision of the prolapsed urethral mucosa with four-quadrant excisional technique because thrombosed urethral prolapse at first visit.Results A total of 89 patients were cured after conservative treatment (87.3％),8 patients were converted to surgical treatment because frequent recurrence with conservative treatment.No urethral stricture,active hemorrhage and recurrent were found in 13 patients after operation.Conclusions The most common clinical manifestations of urethral prolapse are urethral mass and bleeding.Most patients can be cured by conservative treatment.The patients whose symptoms were severe or suffered from frequent recurrence of urethral prolapse should be managed with surgical excision.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial potential of Ly-sZHSHW,a phage lysin against Acinetobacter baumannii infections,and to study its characteris-tics.The pET28a-Lys recombinant plasmid containing LysZHSHW coding gene was constructed by PCR,enzyme digestion and ligation using the expression plasmid pET28a as the backbone and ex-pressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).After confirming the expression of the LysZHSHW through West-ern blot analysis,its characterization and potential applications were assessed both in vitro and in vivo.The results showed that the pET28a-Lys recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed and the LysZHSHW protein was expressed correctly.The mass concentration of the purified en-zyme was 4 086 mg/L,which could be used for subsequent experiments.The enzymatic activity of LysZHSHW was determined to be 630 U/μg,with maximum activity observed at 25 ℃ and pH9.0.In vitro experiments demonstrated that 1 000 or 750 mg/L of LysZHSHW,in the presence of EDTA,resulted in a four-log reduction in bacterial counts without any cytotoxicity.In vivo,2.5 μg of LysZHSHW combined with EDTA could increase the survival rate of Galleria mellonel-la larvae infection model to 92.86％after 24 hours,and 0.15 mg of LysZHSHW reduced the bacte-rial load in the thighs of mice by 2.8 logs and alleviated the inflammatory response in muscle fi-bers.In conclusion,LysZHSHW derived from Acinetobacter baumannii bacteriophage exhibited characteristics such as stability at room temperature,alkaline pH,and safety,making it a promis-ing candidate as a novel antimicrobial agent.

Objective: To identify the pathophysiological characteristics of cortical stroke survivors′ swallowing. Methods: Sixty cortical stroke survivors with dysphagia and cognitive impairment were enrolled into the observation group, while another 16 with dysphagia but without cognitive impairment formed the unimpaired control group and 16 healthy counterparts were selected for a normal control group. Each subject was recorded videofluoroscopically while swallowing 5ml of a liquid of medium consistency. The occurrence of refusing to eat, mouth opening difficulty, incomplete oral closure, residue in the oral cavity, residue in the pharyngeal cavity, leakage and aspiration were observed. Each subject′s swallowing time and kinematic parameters were analyzed from the fluoroscopic videos. Results: The incidence of refusing to eat (37.5%) and/or incomplete mouth closure (68.75%) were significantly higher in the observation group than in the other two groups. The incidence of difficulty in opening the mouth (37.5%), residue in the oral cavity (81.25%), residue in the pharyngeal cavity (56.25%), leakage (56.25%) and aspiration (50%) of the observation group were significantly higher in the observation group than among the normal controls, but were not significantly different from those incidences among the group without cognitive impairment. The average oral transit time and soft palate elevation time of the observation group were significantly longer than those of the other two groups. The observation group′s average hyoid movement time was significantly longer than that of the normal control group, but not significantly different from that of the group without cognitive impairment. There were no significant differences among the groups in average upper esophageal sphincter opening time, larynx closure time or the kinematic parameters. Conclusions Stroke survivors with dysphagia and cognitive impairment present dysphagia characteristic of oral phase swallowing difficulties.